Write viral skin infection

• Viral skin infections are common. Which can affect any part of the body.
• Viral skin infections include chickenpox, measles, rubella, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, warts, molluscum contagiosum, roseola, fifth disease, and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).
• Viral skin infections are mainly caused by varicella zoster virus, human papillomavirus, enterovirus, herpes virus, pox virus, and measles virus.
• Systemic antiviral medicine and topical antiviral medicine are mainly used to treat viral skin infections.
• Acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir medicine are used as antiviral medicine.

Define herpes zoster

• Herpes zoster is also known as ‘shingles’ Herpes zoster is a viral skin infection caused by the varicella zoster virus. It is mainly seen in immunosuppressed patients, HIV-positive patients, cancer patients, organ transplant patients, and patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Explain pathophysiology of herpes zoster (Explain Pathophysiology of Herpes Zoster)

Chickenpox occurs in a person due to primary infection with Varicella Zoster. (Chickenpox is caused by the Varicella Zoster virus)
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After chickenpox, the Varicella Zoster virus remains inactive in the sensory dorsal ganglia near the brain and spinal cord, i.e. it remains in a dormant state.
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When a person’s cellular immunity weakens, this virus reactivates i.e. it becomes active and multiplies.
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This activated virus reaches the skin through the peripheral nerves and small red color blisters are seen on the skin, i.e. herpes The condition of zoster is seen.

Explain sign & symptoms seen in herpes zoster

• Painful red rashes appear on the skin. Which looks like blisters.
• There is a burning sensation in it.
• Itching and tenderness are seen in the infected area.
• The blisters erupt within a few days.
• Severe pain is seen 24 to 48 hours before the eruption and this pain is radiating.
• These blisters mostly occur on the trunk, Found in the face and lumbosacral area. These blisters do not cross the midline of the body, i.e. they are unilateral.
• If the ophthalmic nerve is infected, eye pain is seen.
• Post-herpetic neuralgia is seen in patients with herpes zoster.
  (Persistent pain is seen for some months even after the lesion disappears, which is known as post-herpetic neuralgia)

How to diagnose herpes zoster (How to Diagnose Herpes Zoster)

• History Collection
• Physical Examination
• Culture and Sensitivity Test
• Tzanck Smear

Write medical management of herpes zoster

• Use antiviral medicine to treat viral infections. This medicine should be taken within 24 hours of the eruption.
• Apply topical antiviral medicine to the infected area.
• Use acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir as antiviral medicines.
• Use analgesic drugs to relieve pain.
• Use systemic corticosteroids to reduce post-herpetic neuralgia if the patient is over 50 years of age. To do.
• Provide cold compresses to the infected area.

Write nursing management of herpes zoster

• Assess vital signs.
• Characteristic note of blisters To do.
• Assess pain level. Assess its location, duration, and intensity.
• Provide the patient with a comfortable position.
• Change position every two hours.
• Apply wet compresses or cold compresses.
• Provide the patient with mind diversion therapy and relaxation techniques to divert attention from the pain.
• Applying wet dressings and lotions to the affected area.
• Advising the patient about home care.
• Administering the medicine prescribed by the doctor.
• Maintaining records and reports.

Define herpes simplex

• Herpes simplex is also known as ‘fever blisters’ or ‘cold sores’.
  Because it is accompanied by fever along with blisters and cold sores are seen around the mouth and face.
• Herpes Simplex is a common skin infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
• There are two types of herpes simplex virus: HSV1 and HSV2
• Factors that trigger herpes simplex include fever, illness, menstrual period, sun exposure, stress, trauma, and systemic infection.

Explain types of herpes simplex

There are two types of herpes simplex:

i) Orolabial herpes
ii) Genital herpes

i) Orolabial herpes

• Orolabile herpes is caused by the HSV-1 virus. Orolabile herpes is spread by contact with the saliva of an infected person. Orolabile herpes causes cold sores around the face and mouth.

ii) Genital herpes

• Genital herpes is caused by the HSV-2 virus. Genital herpes is spread through sexual contact with an infected person. Genital herpes causes sores around the genital area and anus.

Explain sign & symptoms seen in herpes simplex

• Orolabial herpes causes painful itchy sores around the lips, mouth, and tongue. They look like crusty, fluid-filled blisters. Often pus is also found in it.
• In genital herpes, sores are seen in the genital area and the area around the anus.
• Tingling and burning sensations are seen.
• Itching is seen on the infected area.
• Fever and sore throat are seen as systemic symptoms.
• Swelling is seen in the lymph nodes is.
• Vesicles rupture and form erosions and ulcers.

How to diagnose herpes simplex

• History Collection
• Physical Examination
• Viral Culture
• Skin Scraping
• Serology

Write medical management of herpes simplex

• Use antiviral drugs to treat viral infections.
• Apply topical medicine-acyclovir ointment on the infected area.
• Give antipyretic drugs to reduce fever.
• Give analgesic drugs to relieve pain.

Write nursing management of herpes simplex

• Assess vital signs.
• Note the color and location of the sore.
• Apply topical medicine to the infected area.
• Advise the patient to keep the genital area dry. Use cotton underwear.
• Advise the patient to avoid wearing tight and fitting clothes.
• Provide knowledge to the patient and his/her relatives about how to prevent the spread of infection.
• Explain preventive measures to the patient and his/her family members.
• Administer the medicine prescribed by the doctor.
• Maintain records and reports.

Write prevention of herpes simplex

• Use dental dams while having oral sex.
• Use condoms while having intercourse.
• Avoid multiple sexual partners.
• Avoid having sex with a sexual partner who has herpes simplex.
• Do not share towels, lip balms, and other personal products.
• Avoid sun exposure.
• Avoid excessive stress.

Define warts

• Warts are also known as ‘veruca’.
• Warts are a viral skin infection caused by the human papillomavirus.
• Warts are mainly found on the mucous membranes, genital area, hands, feet and face.
• Which mainly appear as non-cancerous bumps on the screen The average size of these bumps is 1 to 10 millimeters.
• Warts can be found singly or in clusters.

Explain types of warts

Common warts

• Common warts are also known as ‘Veruca vulgaris’ . Common warts are the most common type of warts, hence they are called common warts. Common warts are hard raised bumps on the fingers and hands.

Flat warts

• Flat warts are also known as ‘Veruca Plana’ . In which smooth flat lesions are seen on the face, forehead and lower legs.

Filliform warts

• Filiform warts are mainly found on the eyelids, lips, face and neck. Filiform warts look like thin and long threads.

Planter warts

• Plantar warts are mainly found on the sole of the foot, i.e. the bottom of the foot. In which small hard bumps are seen and black colored dots are seen in them. If pressure from shoes or walking comes on it, it develops inward.

Genital warts

• Genital warts are also known as ‘venereal warts’ . They are gray and off-white cauliflower-shaped lumps found around the genital area. Genital warts can cause cervical cancer in women.

Periungual warts

• Periungual warts develop under and around the fingernails and toenails. Painful splits are seen on the skin.

How to diagnose warts

• History collection
• Physical examination
• Shave biopsy
• Skin scraping

Write medical management of warts

• Acid therapy is very useful for treating warts. In which salicylic acid is used. Salicylic acid is applied to the warts for several months, which dissolves the warts.
• Duct tape is used in the treatment of warts. In which duct tape is applied to the affected area for a few days, after which the area is soaked and finally it is rubbed and the dead tissue is removed.
• Immune system stimulators (Imikimod) are often also used.

Write surgical management of warts

• Cryosurgery: In which warts are frozen and destroyed by liquid nitrogen.
• Laser therapy: Laser therapy destroys the blood vessels inside the warts, so that the warts are killed by not receiving blood supply.
• Electrodesiccation and curettage: In electrodesiccation, electric current is used to Warts are destroyed using.

What is Molluscum contagiosum

• Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the poxvirus (molluscum contagiosum virus). Molluscum contagiosum can occur anywhere on the body, including the face, neck, arms, legs, abdomen, and genital areas. It appears as round, white, or pink painless bumps or lesions called mollusca. These bumps often have a dot on top. This bump resolves within 6 to 12 months.

What is roseola

• Rosella is also known as ‘Sixth Disease’ because according to the historical classification of common skin rash illnesses seen in children, rosella ranks sixth. Hence it is known as Sixth Disease.

• Roseella is a common viral infection. It is caused by two types of herpes virus (Herpes virus-6, Herpes virus-7)

• Roseella is more common in children. It causes small spots and patches on the trunk and neck, as well as fever.

What is fifth disease

• Fifth disease is also known as ‘erythema infectiosum’ . According to the histological classification of common skin rash illnesses seen in children, this disease is the fifth most common, hence it is known as the fifth disease.
• Fifth disease is a common and highly contagious childhood disease. It is caused by infection with parvovirus B19. In which bright red rashes are seen on the cheeks and around it, it is known as slapped cheeks. Also, flu-like symptoms are seen.

What is hand foot & mouth disease (HFMD) (What is Hand Foot and Mouth Disease)

• Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus ATI. HFMD is mainly seen in children under five. It causes painful red blisters and sores around the mouth, hands and feet. Along with this, systematic symptoms are also seen.