📘 Important for Child Health Nursing, Community Health Nursing & Staff Nurse Exams
The word “Paediatrics” is derived from the Greek words:
| 🗓️ Period | 📝 Key Developments |
|---|---|
| 🟩 Ancient Period | Children treated by general physicians or family; no separate field |
| 🟨 Middle Ages | High infant mortality; belief in evil spirits/demons; no proper child care systems |
| 🟧 17th Century | First recorded books on child diseases appeared (e.g., Thomas Phaer’s work in 1544) |
| 🟥 18th Century | Founding of first children’s hospital in Paris (Hôpital des Enfants Malades – 1802) |
| 🟦 19th Century | Paediatrics began as a separate medical specialty in Europe and U.S. |
| 🟪 20th Century | Emergence of immunizations, antibiotics, neonatal care, child nutrition programs |
| 🟫 21st Century | Focus on preventive pediatrics, developmental pediatrics, child rights & family-centered care |
| 👨⚕️ Contributor | 🏆 Contribution |
|---|---|
| Thomas Phaer (1544) | Wrote “The Book of Children”, first pediatric English textbook |
| Abraham Jacobi | Father of Paediatrics in the USA; established pediatric departments |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | Advocated natural child-rearing, emphasized childhood education |
| Dr. George Armstrong | Early pioneer of pediatric hospitals in England |
| WHO/UNICEF (20th century) | Introduced IMNCI, child survival programs |
Q1. The word ‘Paediatrics’ is derived from:
🅰️ Latin
✅ 🅱️ Greek
🅲️ French
🅳️ Sanskrit
Answer: ✅ (b)
Q2. Who is known as the Father of Paediatrics in the USA?
🅰️ Thomas Phaer
✅ 🅱️ Abraham Jacobi
🅲️ George Armstrong
🅳️ Rousseau
Answer: ✅ (b)
Q3. First children’s hospital in the world was established in:
🅰️ London
✅ 🅱️ Paris (1802)
🅲️ Rome
🅳️ New York
Answer: ✅ (b)
Q4. When was Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) established?
✅ 🅱️ 1970
Q5. Which of the following programs focuses on screening for child health in India?
🅰️ RCH-II
✅ 🅱️ RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram)
🅲️ CSSM
🅳️ NRHM
Answer: ✅ (b)
📘 Important for Child Health Nursing, Nursing Foundations & Staff Nurse Exams
Pediatric Nursing is a specialized branch of nursing that deals with the care of infants, children, and adolescents.
It focuses on physical, emotional, social, and developmental needs of children in health and illness.
“Pediatric nursing is not just care—it’s compassion for the smallest lives.”
| 📅 Era | 📝 Key Developments in Pediatric Nursing |
|---|---|
| 🟩 Ancient Era | Children considered mini-adults; no specialized care; high infant mortality |
| 🟨 Middle Ages (500–1500) | No formal nursing; religious women provided care for sick children |
| 🟧 18th Century | First children’s hospital in Paris (1802) – Hôpital des Enfants Malades |
| 🟥 19th Century | Formal nursing education began (Florence Nightingale) |
markdownCopyEdit Pediatric hospitals emerged in Europe & USA |
| 🟦 Early 20th Century | Recognition of child-specific health needs; creation of pediatric nursing roles |
| 🟪 Post-WWII (1950s–70s)| Introduction of child growth charts, immunizations, antibiotics, neonatal care |
| 🟫 Modern Era (2000s–present) | Focus on family-centered care, child rights, development monitoring, under-five clinics, and NICU/ PICU expansion |
| 🟩 Year | 📝 Milestone |
|---|---|
| 1970 | Formation of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) |
| 1985 | Universal Immunization Program (UIP) launched |
| 1992 | CSSM Program – focused on maternal and child survival |
| 1997 | RCH-I Program introduced; included pediatric health services |
| 2005 | National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) – strengthened pediatric nursing services |
| 2013 | RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram) for early screening and intervention |
| Ongoing | Expansion of NICUs, SNCUs, School Health, Adolescent clinics, and IMNCI training |
Q1. The first children’s hospital was established in:
🅰️ London
✅ 🅱️ Paris
🅲️ New York
🅳️ Mumbai
Answer: ✅ (b)
Q2. The Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) was established in:
✅ 🅱️ 1970
Q3. A major national program for immunization in India is:
🅰️ RBSK
🅱️ CSSM
✅ 🅲️ UIP
🅳️ ICDS
Answer: ✅ (c)
Q4. Florence Nightingale contributed to:
✅ 🅰️ Formal nursing education and public health reform
Q5. The main goal of pediatric nursing is to:
🅰️ Focus only on physical illness
🅱️ Treat only infants
✅ 🅲️ Promote total well-being of children
🅳️ Give medicine to children
Answer: ✅ (c)