📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, Staff Nurse Exams
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) is a flagship program launched by the Government of India in 1975, aimed at improving the health, nutrition, and development of children aged 0–6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers.
✳️ ICDS is implemented through a network of Anganwadi Centers (AWCs) under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
| Group | Age |
|---|---|
| 👶 Children | 0–6 years |
| 🤰 Pregnant women | All trimesters |
| 🧑🍼 Lactating mothers | Up to 6 months postpartum |
| 👩 Adolescent girls | 11–18 years (in selected schemes) |
| Service | Delivered by |
|---|---|
| 🍼 1. Supplementary Nutrition (SNP) | Anganwadi Worker |
| 💉 2. Immunization | ANM & Health Dept. |
| 🏥 3. Health Check-up | MO/ANM |
| 💊 4. Referral Services | Anganwadi + Health team |
| 🎓 5. Non-formal Preschool Education | Anganwadi Worker |
| 🗣️ 6. Nutrition and Health Education (NHE) | AWW + ASHA + ANM |
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| 📍 Location | Every village or urban slum |
| 👩⚕️ Staff | 1 Anganwadi Worker (AWW) + 1 Helper |
| 📅 Timing | 4–6 hours/day, 6 days a week |
| 📋 Supervision | Child Development Project Officer (CDPO) & Supervisors |
| 📒 Records | MCP Card, Attendance, Growth chart, Immunization register |
| Scheme | Feature |
|---|---|
| 🟩 Supplementary Nutrition Program (SNP) | Provides energy-dense food for children, pregnant & lactating mothers |
| 🟨 POSHAN Abhiyaan (2018) | National Nutrition Mission – real-time monitoring & convergence |
| 🟥 Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (SABLA) | For girls aged 11–18 years – nutrition + vocational training |
| 🟦 Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) | Conditional maternity benefit for pregnant/lactating women |
| Area | Responsibilities |
|---|---|
| 💉 Health services | Immunization, check-ups, minor illness treatment |
| 📚 Training | Support AWW in training and health education |
| 🧮 Growth Monitoring | Weight charting, nutrition assessment |
| 🤝 Referral | Identify at-risk children/women for hospital referral |
| 🧠 Counseling | Nutrition, hygiene, breastfeeding, weaning |
❌ Understaffing of Anganwadi Workers
❌ Poor infrastructure (AWC buildings, sanitation)
❌ Inadequate supplies of food/medicines
❌ Irregular monitoring and evaluation
❌ Low awareness among beneficiaries
🟡 ICDS launched in 1975 under Ministry of Women & Child Development
🟡 ICDS provides 6 key services at village level
🟡 Main worker of ICDS = Anganwadi Worker
🟡 Target group = Children 0–6 yrs, mothers, adolescent girls
🟡 POSHAN Abhiyaan launched in 2018 for nutrition convergence
🟡 MCP card = essential tool for child tracking and education
Q1. The ICDS scheme was launched in:
🅰️ 1985
🅱️ 2001
✅ 🅲️ 1975
🅳️ 1990
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 1975
Q2. Which ministry implements the ICDS program?
🅰️ Ministry of Health
✅ 🅱️ Ministry of Women and Child Development
🅲️ Ministry of Rural Development
🅳️ Ministry of Family Welfare
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Ministry of Women and Child Development
Q3. The primary function of the Anganwadi Worker is:
🅰️ Surgery
✅ 🅱️ Nutrition, preschool, and health service delivery
🅲️ Driving ambulance
🅳️ Food inspection
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Nutrition, preschool, and health service delivery
Q4. Supplementary Nutrition under ICDS is provided to:
🅰️ Only newborns
🅱️ Only adolescent girls
✅ 🅲️ Children (0–6 yrs), pregnant & lactating mothers
🅳️ Only school children
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Children (0–6 yrs), pregnant & lactating mothers
Q5. Which app is used to monitor ICDS activities?
🅰️ RCH Portal
🅱️ HMIS
✅ 🅲️ Poshan Tracker
🅳️ Nikshay
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Poshan Tracker
Q6. Non-formal preschool education is provided by:
🅰️ School teacher
🅱️ Nurse
✅ 🅲️ Anganwadi Worker
🅳️ ASHA
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Anganwadi Worker
Q7. Number of essential ICDS services is:
🅰️ 3
🅱️ 4
✅ 🅲️ 6
🅳️ 10
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 6
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
The Mid-Day Meal Program (MDMP) is a school-based nutrition initiative launched by the Government of India to provide free cooked meals to children in government and government-aided schools, aiming to enhance nutritional status, school attendance, and learning outcomes.
✳️ It is the world’s largest school meal program, launched nationally in 1995.
| Group | Standard |
|---|---|
| 👦 Children | Primary (I–V) & Upper Primary (VI–VIII) students |
| 🏫 Schools | Govt., Govt-aided, local body, and alternate education centers |
| Ministry | Role |
|---|---|
| 🟩 Ministry of Education | Nodal ministry at national level |
| 🟨 State Education Departments | Operational implementation |
| 🟥 Ministry of Women and Child Development | Collaborates through nutrition programs |
| Year | Milestone |
|---|---|
| 1925 | Started in Madras Corporation (first initiative) |
| 1995 | Launched nationally as National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) |
| 2001 | Supreme Court made it a legal entitlement |
| 2008 | Extended to upper primary level (Class VI–VIII) |
| 2021 | Rebranded as PM POSHAN (Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman) |
| Group | Calories | Protein | Food Items |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🟩 Primary (I–V) | 450 kcal | 12 g | Rice/wheat, dal, vegetables, oil |
| 🟨 Upper Primary (VI–VIII) | 700 kcal | 20 g | Same with larger portions |
✳️ Special provisions made for children with malnutrition or underweight.
| Area | Duties |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health check-ups | Monitor growth, weight, height in schools |
| 💊 Micronutrient supplementation | Deworming, iron tablets, vitamin A |
| 📚 Health education | Nutrition, hygiene, sanitation awareness |
| 🧪 Monitoring | Spot-check food quality & cleanliness |
| 🤝 Referral | Malnourished children to PHC for further care |
❌ Food poisoning incidents due to contamination
❌ Irregular supply of raw materials
❌ Poor kitchen hygiene & infrastructure
❌ Lack of trained cooks/helpers
❌ Monitoring gaps in rural/tribal areas
🟡 MDMP = launched nationally in 1995
🟡 Now known as PM POSHAN (2021)
🟡 Aims = nutrition + education + equity
🟡 Covers primary & upper primary (1–8 std)
🟡 450–700 kcal, 12–20g protein per child/day
🟡 Legal right to meal under Supreme Court directive (2001)
Q1. The Mid-Day Meal Program was launched nationwide in:
🅰️ 1985
🅱️ 2001
✅ 🅲️ 1995
🅳️ 2010
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 1995
Q2. PM POSHAN is the rebranded name of:
🅰️ ICDS
🅱️ NRHM
✅ 🅲️ Mid-Day Meal Scheme
🅳️ Ayushman Bharat
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Mid-Day Meal Scheme
Q3. How many calories are required per day under MDMP for upper primary children?
🅰️ 300 kcal
🅱️ 450 kcal
✅ 🅲️ 700 kcal
🅳️ 1000 kcal
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 700 kcal
Q4. Mid-Day Meals are legally guaranteed by:
🅰️ Indian Parliament
✅ 🅱️ Supreme Court judgment (2001)
🅲️ WHO
🅳️ UNICEF
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Supreme Court judgment (2001)
Q5. The primary purpose of MDMP is to:
🅰️ Provide employment
🅱️ Replace home food
✅ 🅲️ Improve nutrition and school attendance
🅳️ Supply milk
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Improve nutrition and school attendance
Q6. Micronutrient supplementation under MDMP may include:
🅰️ Paracetamol
🅱️ Antibiotics
✅ 🅲️ Iron, folic acid, vitamin A
🅳️ Antihistamines
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Iron, folic acid, vitamin A
Q7. The Mid-Day Meal program is applicable to which class group?
🅰️ Nursery only
🅱️ Class I–V only
✅ 🅲️ Class I–VIII
🅳️ Class IX–XII
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Class I–VIII
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, Staff Nurse Exams
Balwadi is a rural preschool education center that provides early childhood care and education (ECCE) for children aged 3 to 5 years, especially in economically disadvantaged and rural areas, preparing them for formal schooling.
✳️ Balwadis serve as a bridge between home and school for underprivileged children in India.
| Agency | Role |
|---|---|
| 🟩 Central Social Welfare Board (CSWB) | First to introduce Balwadis in 1956 |
| 🟨 ICDS (Anganwadi) | Also offers Balwadi-type preschool education |
| 🟧 NGOs & Local Bodies | Run standalone or grant-based Balwadis |
| 🟥 Zilla Parishads & Panchayats | Assist in local planning and infrastructure |
| Age | Category |
|---|---|
| 🎈 3–5 years | Rural and slum children from low-income families |
| Area | Activities |
|---|---|
| 🧠 Cognitive Development | Storytelling, counting, puzzles |
| 🧸 Play & Creativity | Toys, drawing, songs, group play |
| 🍲 Nutrition | Simple healthy snacks (porridge, fruit, milk) |
| 💧 Health & Hygiene | Handwashing, toilet habits |
| 👪 Socialization | Sharing, group behavior, discipline |
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| 🏠 Location | Rural villages, slums, tribal areas |
| 🧑🏫 Balwadi Teacher | Minimum 10th pass, trained in ECCE |
| 📚 Curriculum | Based on play-way method and local culture |
| ⏰ Timings | 2–4 hours/day (typically morning shift) |
| 📦 Materials | Toys, charts, blackboard, storybooks, mats |
| Feature | Balwadi | Anganwadi |
|---|---|---|
| 🎓 Focus | Preschool education | Education + Health + Nutrition |
| 🧑🏫 Staff | Balwadi teacher | AWW + Helper |
| 🏛️ Scheme | CSWB/NGOs | ICDS (Ministry of WCD) |
| 🧒 Age group | 3–5 years | 0–6 years |
| 🍽️ Meal | Sometimes provided | Mandatory SNP |
| Area | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health check-ups | Growth monitoring, eye/ear screening |
| 💊 Nutrition guidance | Ensuring proper snacks or supplements |
| 🗣️ Counseling | Teach hygiene, toilet use, handwashing |
| 🤝 Coordination | Refer children with special needs |
| 🧘 Health education | Oral health, cleanliness, disease prevention |
❌ Inadequate funding and infrastructure
❌ Lack of trained teachers
❌ Irregular attendance of children
❌ Poor parental awareness
❌ Limited learning materials
🟡 Balwadi = Rural preschool center for 3–5 years age group
🟡 First introduced by CSWB in 1956
🟡 Focus = non-formal education + basic nutrition
🟡 Follows play-way method for learning
🟡 Anganwadi = broader scope than Balwadi
🟡 Nurse plays a role in health education and referrals
Q1. Balwadi centers primarily serve children aged:
🅰️ 0–3 years
✅ 🅱️ 3–5 years
🅲️ 6–10 years
🅳️ 10–14 years
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 3–5 years
Q2. The first Balwadi was started by:
🅰️ Ministry of Health
🅱️ ICDS
✅ 🅲️ Central Social Welfare Board
🅳️ WHO
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Central Social Welfare Board
Q3. What is the main teaching approach used in Balwadis?
🅰️ Lecture method
✅ 🅱️ Play-way method
🅲️ Drill method
🅳️ Memorization
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Play-way method
Q4. Balwadis differ from Anganwadis mainly in:
🅰️ Use of language
🅱️ Only location
✅ 🅲️ Scope of services (Anganwadi includes health & nutrition)
🅳️ Food color
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Scope of services
Q5. Preschool education in Balwadi is meant to:
🅰️ Train teachers
🅱️ Start literacy missions
✅ 🅲️ Prepare children for primary school
🅳️ Reduce dropout in colleges
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Prepare children for primary school
Q6. Who manages Balwadis in most rural areas?
🅰️ Universities
✅ 🅱️ NGOs / CSWB
🅲️ Private schools
🅳️ Anganwadi workers
Correct Answer: 🅱️ NGOs / CSWB
Q7. One key component often missing in Balwadi centers is:
🅰️ Teaching
✅ 🅱️ Formal health services
🅲️ Play
🅳️ Songs
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Formal health services
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
An Anganwadi is a rural child care center established under the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) scheme to provide basic health, nutrition, and preschool education to children under 6 years, along with support for mothers.
✳️ “Anganwadi” literally means “courtyard shelter” in Hindi.
| Beneficiary | Details |
|---|---|
| 👶 Children | 0–6 years of age |
| 🤰 Pregnant Women | All trimesters |
| 🧑🍼 Lactating Mothers | Up to 6 months postpartum |
| 👧 Adolescent Girls | 11–18 years (in extended schemes) |
| Service | Description |
|---|---|
| 🍼 1. Supplementary Nutrition | For children, pregnant & lactating women |
| 💉 2. Immunization | With support from ANMs |
| 🏥 3. Health Check-ups | Growth monitoring, deworming, ANC/PNC |
| 🩺 4. Referral Services | Refer to PHC/CHC for illness or complications |
| 🧠 5. Non-formal Preschool Education | Play-based ECCE for 3–6 years |
| 📢 6. Nutrition and Health Education | To mothers and adolescent girls |
| Staff | Role |
|---|---|
| 👩 Anganwadi Worker (AWW) | Delivers all ICDS services |
| 🧹 Anganwadi Helper | Assists in cooking, cleaning, and child care |
| 👩⚕️ ASHA/ANM | Health support (immunization, health check-ups) |
| Register | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 📒 MCP Card | Child health & development tracking |
| 📘 SNP register | Meals distributed to children/mothers |
| 📕 Attendance register | Daily record of children |
| 📗 Weight & height register | For growth monitoring |
| Feature | Norm |
|---|---|
| 🏠 Space | 600 sq. ft. for AWC building |
| 🚰 Facilities | Safe drinking water, kitchen, toilet |
| 🧸 Equipment | Toys, mats, charts, growth charts |
| 🪑 Furniture | Low seating tables, utensils for meals |
| Criteria | Anganwadi | Balwadi |
|---|---|---|
| 🔷 Services | Health + Nutrition + Education | Only preschool education |
| 👶 Age Group | 0–6 years | 3–5 years |
| 🧑⚕️ Workers | AWW + Helper | Balwadi Teacher |
| 🏢 Scheme | ICDS (Govt) | CSWB / NGO-based |
❌ Poor infrastructure and space
❌ Irregular supply of food supplements
❌ Undertrained staff
❌ Low community participation
❌ Monitoring gaps
🟡 Anganwadi = rural child development center under ICDS
🟡 Main staff = Anganwadi Worker & Helper
🟡 Provides 6 ICDS services including nutrition, health, education
🟡 Monitors child growth using growth chart & MCP card
🟡 Nurse (ANM) supports in healthcare delivery & training
Q1. Anganwadi is a part of which scheme?
🅰️ NRHM
✅ 🅱️ ICDS
🅲️ RCH
🅳️ PMMVY
Correct Answer: 🅱️ ICDS
Q2. Main worker responsible for ICDS services at village level is:
🅰️ ASHA
🅱️ Nurse
✅ 🅲️ Anganwadi Worker
🅳️ Teacher
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Anganwadi Worker
Q3. Anganwadi centers serve children in the age group:
🅰️ 6–10 years
🅱️ 1–3 years only
✅ 🅲️ 0–6 years
🅳️ 10–18 years
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 0–6 years
Q4. How many core services are provided by ICDS through Anganwadi?
🅰️ 4
✅ 🅱️ 6
🅲️ 8
🅳️ 10
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 6
Q5. The card used to track child growth is:
🅰️ Ration card
🅱️ ID card
✅ 🅲️ MCP card
🅳️ Voter card
Correct Answer: 🅲️ MCP card
Q6. Anganwadi helper is responsible for:
🅰️ Immunization
🅱️ Education
✅ 🅲️ Cooking and cleaning
🅳️ Supervising ANMs
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Cooking and cleaning
Q7. Preschool education in Anganwadi is for children aged:
🅰️ 0–2 years
✅ 🅱️ 3–6 years
🅲️ 6–10 years
🅳️ 10–14 years
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 3–6 years
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, Staff Nurse Exams
Day Care Centers, also known as crèches, are organized child care facilities where children (mostly aged 6 months to 6 years) are provided with supervised care, nutrition, rest, and early education during the daytime—especially while their parents (mostly mothers) are at work.
✳️ These centers play a crucial role in supporting working mothers, particularly in the unorganized sector.
| Group | Age Range |
|---|---|
| 👶 Infants & Children | 6 months to 6 years |
| 👩 Working Mothers | Particularly from BPL or unorganized sectors |
| Scheme | Launched by | Features |
|---|---|---|
| 🟩 National Crèche Scheme (NCS) | Ministry of Women and Child Development | Financial support to NGOs for running crèches |
| 🟨 ICDS-linked Crèches | Via Anganwadis in some states | Combines nutrition + care + ECCE |
| 🟥 Workplace Crèches | Factories Act, Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017 | Mandatory in establishments with ≥50 employees |
| Area | Services |
|---|---|
| 🍼 Nutrition | 2 meals + 1 snack/day (per child) |
| 😴 Rest & Supervision | Nap areas with mats, supervised play |
| 🧸 Early Education | Stories, rhymes, picture books |
| 🧼 Health & Hygiene | Handwashing, toilet training, clean environment |
| 💊 Health Services | Monthly health check-ups, weight monitoring |
| Criteria | Standard |
|---|---|
| 🧑🏫 Staff | 1 crèche worker + 1 helper per 20–25 children |
| 🏠 Space | 600–800 sq. ft. with ventilation and safety |
| 🪑 Materials | Toys, play items, mats, bedding, utensils |
| 🚰 Facilities | Clean drinking water, kitchen, toilets, handwashing corner |
| Role | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health Screening | Monthly check-ups, immunization follow-up |
| 💊 Nutrition Monitoring | Ensure proper weight gain & diet adequacy |
| 📚 Health Education | Hygiene, toilet use, breastfeeding counseling |
| 🧾 Growth Recording | Maintain child health cards/growth charts |
| 👨👩👧 Counseling | Parental guidance on early child development |
✅ Safe environment for infants & toddlers
✅ Encourages early cognitive & social development
✅ Promotes women’s empowerment & employment
✅ Reduces malnutrition and child neglect
✅ Supports gender equity in work participation
❌ Limited funding & irregular grants
❌ Lack of trained childcare staff
❌ Poor infrastructure in some rural/urban slums
❌ Limited awareness among parents
❌ Inadequate monitoring
🟡 Day Care Centers = Crèches for children 6 months to 6 years
🟡 Aim = safe care + nutrition + early education
🟡 National Crèche Scheme supports NGO-run crèches
🟡 Health check-ups & meals are essential parts of service
🟡 1 worker + 1 helper per 25 children is the staffing norm
🟡 Nurses ensure health education, nutrition monitoring, referrals
Q1. Day care centers (crèches) are meant for children aged:
🅰️ 0–3 months
✅ 🅱️ 6 months to 6 years
🅲️ 6–12 years
🅳️ Newborn only
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 6 months to 6 years
Q2. Main purpose of a crèche is:
🅰️ High school education
🅱️ Immunization only
✅ 🅲️ Safe daytime care of infants and toddlers
🅳️ Industrial work
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Safe daytime care of infants and toddlers
Q3. The crèche scheme is operated under which ministry?
🅰️ Ministry of Education
✅ 🅱️ Ministry of Women and Child Development
🅲️ Ministry of Health
🅳️ Ministry of Home Affairs
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Ministry of Women and Child Development
Q4. Which act mandates crèches in workplaces with 50+ employees?
🅰️ POCSO Act
🅱️ Child Labor Act
✅ 🅲️ Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017
🅳️ RTE Act
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Maternity Benefit (Amendment) Act, 2017
Q5. Number of meals typically provided per child per day in a crèche is:
🅰️ 1
🅱️ 5
✅ 🅲️ 2 meals + 1 snack
🅳️ 3 snacks only
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 2 meals + 1 snack
Q6. What is the ideal staff ratio in a crèche?
🅰️ 1 per 50 children
🅱️ 2 per 10 children
✅ 🅲️ 1 worker + 1 helper per 20–25 children
🅳️ No fixed ratio
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 1 worker + 1 helper per 20–25 children
Q7. One main challenge of running crèches is:
🅰️ Too many children joining
✅ 🅱️ Lack of trained staff and funds
🅲️ No need in rural areas
🅳️ None of the above
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Lack of trained staff and funds
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
The National Polio Surveillance Project (NPSP) is a collaborative initiative between the Government of India and the World Health Organization (WHO), launched in 1997, to eradicate poliomyelitis through intensive surveillance, immunization, and outbreak response.
✳️ NPSP is the backbone of India’s polio eradication strategy, instrumental in India being declared polio-free in 2014.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 🧒 Target Age Group | Children <15 years with AFP symptoms |
| 🕵️♂️ Surveillance | Active & passive reporting of AFP from all health facilities |
| 🧫 Stool Sample Collection | 2 samples within 14 days of paralysis, 24 hrs apart |
| 🔬 Lab Confirmation | Via WHO-accredited polio labs |
| 🔁 Follow-up | 60-day follow-up for residual paralysis |
| 📍 WHO Surveillance Medical Officers (SMOs) | Monitor AFP detection & field activities |
✳️ Sudden onset of flaccid weakness/paralysis in children <15 years
✳️ Can be caused by polio, Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis, etc.
| Year | Achievement |
|---|---|
| 🟩 1997 | NPSP launched |
| 🟨 2011 | Last polio case reported (West Bengal) |
| 🟥 2014 | India certified Polio-Free by WHO |
| 🟦 Present | Focus on maintaining polio-free status & detecting importations |
| Vaccine | Type | Route |
|---|---|---|
| 🟠 OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) | Live attenuated | Oral |
| 🟡 IPV (Inactivated Polio Vaccine) | Killed virus | IM injection |
🗓️ Given as part of Routine Immunization & Pulse Polio Campaigns
| Area | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| 💉 Vaccination | Administer OPV/IPV as per schedule |
| 📝 Reporting | Notify all AFP cases to surveillance unit |
| 🧪 Stool Sample Handling | Collect, store, and transport per protocol |
| 👨👩👧 Counseling | Educate parents on importance of full immunization |
| 🗺️ Outreach | Support PPI days, house-to-house vaccination in campaigns |
❌ Poor AFP reporting in remote areas
❌ Vaccine hesitancy in some communities
❌ Cross-border importation risk from neighboring countries
❌ Maintaining cold chain and sample quality
🟡 NPSP = India + WHO collaboration (1997)
🟡 Main goal = Eradication of Poliomyelitis
🟡 AFP = Sudden flaccid paralysis in <15 years
🟡 Target = ≥2 AFP cases/100,000 children/year
🟡 India = Polio-free since 2014
🟡 2 stool samples = within 14 days of onset, 24 hrs apart
🟡 Pulse Polio + Routine Immunization = twin pillars of polio eradication
Q1. NPSP was launched in India in:
🅰️ 1991
🅱️ 2005
✅ 🅲️ 1997
🅳️ 2010
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 1997
Q2. Acute Flaccid Paralysis is monitored in children under:
🅰️ 5 years
🅱️ 10 years
✅ 🅲️ 15 years
🅳️ 18 years
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 15 years
Q3. India was declared polio-free by WHO in:
🅰️ 2010
🅱️ 2012
✅ 🅲️ 2014
🅳️ 2016
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 2014
Q4. Which vaccine is used during National Immunization Days?
🅰️ IPV
✅ 🅱️ OPV
🅲️ BCG
🅳️ DPT
Correct Answer: 🅱️ OPV
Q5. Number of stool samples to be collected for AFP case confirmation is:
🅰️ 1
✅ 🅱️ 2
🅲️ 3
🅳️ 4
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 2
Q6. Best method to monitor wild poliovirus in the environment is:
🅰️ Blood sampling
🅱️ Swab test
✅ 🅲️ Sewage water testing
🅳️ Hair sampling
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Sewage water testing
Q7. Which of the following is not a function of NPSP?
🅰️ AFP surveillance
🅱️ Vaccine cold chain monitoring
🅲️ Immunization awareness
✅ 🅳️ Hospital construction
Correct Answer: 🅳️ Hospital construction
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
The National Child Labour Policy (NCLP) was launched by the Government of India in 1987, aiming to eliminate child labor in hazardous occupations and provide rehabilitation, education, and vocational training to child laborers.
✳️ It focuses on rescue, rehabilitation, education, and prevention of child labor, particularly in hazardous industries.
| Group | Criteria |
|---|---|
| 👦 Children | Age 9–14 years engaged in hazardous work |
| 🧒 Below 9 years | Must be withdrawn immediately without NCLP admission |
| Year | Event |
|---|---|
| 🟩 1986 | Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act passed |
| 🟨 1987 | NCLP launched in 12 districts |
| 🟥 2006 | Domestic work and dhabas added to hazardous list |
| 🟦 2016 | Amendment: Complete ban on employment of children <14 in any occupation |
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| 📍 NCLP Schools | Special schools for rescued children |
| 📚 Education | Non-formal education up to 8th grade |
| ⚒️ Vocational Training | Tailoring, carpentry, crafts, etc. |
| 🍚 Nutrition | Mid-day meals provided |
| 🩺 Health Care | Health check-ups and treatment |
| 💵 Stipend | ₹150 per month per child for attendance |
| Act | Purpose |
|---|---|
| 📘 Child Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, 1986 | Prohibits children in hazardous work |
| 📕 Child Labour Amendment Act, 2016 | Bans all work for <14 yrs; 15–18 yrs prohibited in hazardous work |
| 📗 Right to Education Act, 2009 | Ensures free education for children 6–14 yrs |
| 📙 PENCIL Portal (2017) | Online tracking and monitoring of child labor cases |
| Area | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health Check-ups | Periodic exams for NCLP school children |
| 💉 Immunization follow-up | Ensure full vaccination status |
| 🍛 Nutrition monitoring | Ensure meal quality and weight gain |
| 🧠 Counseling | Emotional and psychological support |
| 🧾 Record-keeping | Growth charts, health records, referrals |
❌ Fireworks & match factories
❌ Carpet weaving
❌ Brick kilns
❌ Domestic work
❌ Roadside eateries (dhabas)
❌ Slaughterhouses
❌ Chemical mixing & mines
🟡 NCLP launched in 1987 under Ministry of Labour and Employment
🟡 Focus = withdrawal, education, vocational training of child laborers
🟡 Child <14 yrs = banned from all employment (2016 Act)
🟡 NCLP schools provide education + skill training + health care
🟡 PENCIL portal = online complaint and monitoring system
🟡 Nurse ensures health, immunization, and psychological support
Q1. The National Child Labour Policy was launched in:
🅰️ 1991
✅ 🅱️ 1987
🅲️ 2005
🅳️ 2010
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 1987
Q2. NCLP is implemented by which ministry?
🅰️ Ministry of Education
✅ 🅱️ Ministry of Labour and Employment
🅲️ Ministry of Women & Child Development
🅳️ Ministry of Health
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Ministry of Labour and Employment
Q3. What is the age group eligible for NCLP schools?
🅰️ 0–5 years
🅱️ 6–9 years
✅ 🅲️ 9–14 years
🅳️ 15–18 years
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 9–14 years
Q4. Which online platform monitors child labour cases?
🅰️ Poshan Tracker
🅱️ RCH Portal
✅ 🅲️ PENCIL Portal
🅳️ Shala Darpan
Correct Answer: 🅲️ PENCIL Portal
Q5. Stipend provided under NCLP per month is:
🅰️ ₹100
✅ 🅱️ ₹150
🅲️ ₹300
🅳️ ₹500
Correct Answer: 🅱️ ₹150
Q6. Under the 2016 Amendment Act, child below 14 years can work in:
🅰️ Any job
🅱️ Only hazardous jobs
✅ 🅲️ Family enterprise (non-hazardous, after school)
🅳️ Mines
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Family enterprise (non-hazardous, after school)
Q7. One of the nurse’s responsibilities under NCLP is:
🅰️ Construction work
✅ 🅱️ Health check-up of rescued children
🅲️ Teach math
🅳️ Manage factory tools
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Health check-up of rescued children
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
Child Acts refer to various legal provisions enacted by the Government of India for the protection, welfare, education, development, and rights of children (generally considered as individuals below 18 years of age).
✳️ These Acts aim to ensure safe, abuse-free, and equitable childhood with access to education, nutrition, and protection from exploitation.
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 🧒 Applies to | Children in conflict with law & in need of care |
| 🔁 Replaces | JJ Act 2000 (Amended in 2006, 2015 & 2021) |
| 🏛️ Authority | Child Welfare Committee (CWC) & Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) |
| 📏 Age | Below 18 years |
| ⚖️ Provisions | Rehabilitation, adoption, foster care, child homes |
| 🧑⚖️ Allows | Children aged 16–18 to be tried as adults in heinous crimes (under special procedure) |
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 🔐 Aim | Protect children from sexual abuse, harassment, pornography |
| 📅 Age group | Children below 18 years |
| ⚖️ Offences | Penetrative & non-penetrative assault, harassment, online abuse |
| 👨⚖️ Special Courts | Established for child-friendly trials |
| 👩⚕️ Nurse Role | Report abuse, provide support, avoid secondary trauma |
| 🚨 Mandatory Reporting | Non-reporting is punishable by law |
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 🚫 Prohibits | Employment of children <14 in any occupation |
| ⚠️ Restricts | Adolescents (14–18 yrs) in hazardous jobs |
| ✅ Allows | Helping in family enterprise (non-hazardous, after school) |
| 🧑🏭 Penalty | Fine & imprisonment for violators |
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 🏫 Guarantees | Free education for 6–14 yrs in neighborhood schools |
| 📝 Provision | No detention, no exam till 8th grade |
| 🚫 Prohibits | Physical punishment, screening tests, capitation fees |
| 🔢 25% Reservation | For EWS in private unaided schools (up to class 8) |
| Feature | Description |
|---|---|
| 🏛️ Establishes | National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) |
| 🎯 Role | Monitor implementation of child-related laws & policies |
| 📞 Platform | Can receive complaints related to child rights violations |
| Area | Role |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Observation | Identify signs of abuse, neglect, or child labor |
| 🗣️ Counseling | Support abused or traumatized children and families |
| 📞 Reporting | Mandatory reporting of sexual abuse (POCSO) |
| 📚 Health Education | Teach parents and community about child rights |
| 🤝 Referral | Coordinate with Childline 1098, CWC, or NGOs |
| Service | Details |
|---|---|
| ☎️ Childline | 1098 – 24×7 free helpline for children in distress |
| 🏥 One-Stop Centers (OSC) | Provide health, legal, and shelter services |
| 👨⚖️ CWC | Handles cases of care and protection |
🟡 JJ Act, 2015 = For children in conflict with law or needing protection
🟡 POCSO Act, 2012 = Protects children from sexual offences
🟡 RTE Act, 2009 = Guarantees free & compulsory education (6–14 yrs)
🟡 Child Labour Act bans all work for children <14 yrs
🟡 NCPCR monitors all child rights across India
🟡 Nurses must report, counsel, and support child protection cases
Q1. Juvenile Justice Act applies to children up to the age of:
🅰️ 12 years
🅱️ 16 years
✅ 🅲️ 18 years
🅳️ 21 years
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 18 years
Q2. Which Act protects children from sexual abuse?
🅰️ JJ Act
🅱️ RTE Act
✅ 🅲️ POCSO Act
🅳️ CPCR Act
Correct Answer: 🅲️ POCSO Act
Q3. RTE Act guarantees free education for which age group?
🅰️ 0–6 years
🅱️ 10–18 years
✅ 🅲️ 6–14 years
🅳️ 3–10 years
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 6–14 years
Q4. Child labour is prohibited for children below the age of:
🅰️ 16 years
✅ 🅱️ 14 years
🅲️ 18 years
🅳️ 12 years
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 14 years
Q5. Which act mandates establishment of Child Welfare Committees (CWCs)?
🅰️ Child Marriage Act
🅱️ POCSO Act
✅ 🅲️ JJ Act
🅳️ CPCR Act
Correct Answer: 🅲️ JJ Act
Q6. The toll-free emergency number for children in distress is:
🅰️ 100
🅱️ 102
✅ 🅲️ 1098
🅳️ 108
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 1098
Q7. Under which Act is 25% reservation in private schools for EWS children ensured?
🅰️ JJ Act
✅ 🅱️ RTE Act
🅲️ POCSO Act
🅳️ Child Labour Act
Correct Answer: 🅱️ RTE Act
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
The Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 is a comprehensive child welfare law in India that provides care, protection, treatment, development, and rehabilitation of children in conflict with the law and children in need of care and protection.
✳️ Replaced the Juvenile Justice Act of 2000 to address heinous crimes by children aged 16–18.
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 👦 Child | A person below 18 years of age |
| ⚖️ Child in Conflict with Law (CCL) | Accused or convicted of an offence below age 18 |
| 👶 Child in Need of Care & Protection (CNCP) | Abandoned, abused, orphaned, or missing child |
| Authority | Function |
|---|---|
| 🧑⚖️ Juvenile Justice Board (JJB) | Handles cases of CCLs |
| 👨👩👧 Child Welfare Committee (CWC) | Handles cases of CNCPs |
| 🏠 Child Care Institutions (CCI) | Observation homes, shelter homes, special homes |
| 🧑🏫 District Child Protection Unit (DCPU) | Coordinates all child protection services |
| Provision | Details |
|---|---|
| 🧑⚖️ Trial of heinous crimes | 16–18 yr olds may be tried as adults for heinous offences |
| 🏠 Adoption Procedures | Streamlined through Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) |
| 📜 Child Rights Protection | No death penalty or life imprisonment without parole for children |
| 📚 Rehabilitation Focus | Vocational training, education, counseling emphasized |
| 🚫 Bans corporal punishment & child abuse in child care homes |
| Year | Update |
|---|---|
| 🟩 2000 | First JJ Act enacted after UN Convention on Child Rights |
| 🟨 2006 | Amendment to strengthen CNCP provisions |
| 🟥 2015 | Major reform: adult trial for heinous crimes (16–18 yrs) |
| 🟦 2021 | Increased role of District Magistrates in adoption cases |
| Responsibility | Description |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health screening | Initial check-up for children in institutions |
| 💊 Medical care | Administer treatment, immunization, first aid |
| 🧠 Counseling | Mental health support, trauma care |
| 🗂️ Documentation | Maintain health records of CCLs & CNCPs |
| 📞 Reporting | Identify & refer cases of abuse or neglect to CWC or Childline 1098 |
| Type | Punishment |
|---|---|
| 🟢 Petty | ≤1 year imprisonment (if committed by adult) |
| 🟡 Serious | 1–3 years imprisonment |
| 🔴 Heinous | >7 years (e.g., rape, murder) – 16–18 yrs may face adult trial |
🟡 JJ Act 2015 = law for children in conflict with law & in need of care
🟡 Juvenile = person <18 years
🟡 JJB deals with CCL; CWC deals with CNCP
🟡 Children 16–18 yrs committing heinous crimes may be tried as adults
🟡 No death sentence or life without parole for juveniles
🟡 Nurse plays a role in screening, care, referral, and protection
Q1. Juvenile Justice Act, 2015 applies to children aged:
🅰️ <16 years
✅ 🅱️ <18 years
🅲️ 18–21 years
🅳️ <14 years
Correct Answer: 🅱️ <18 years
Q2. The Juvenile Justice Board deals with:
🅰️ Adult criminals
🅱️ Missing persons
✅ 🅲️ Children in conflict with law
🅳️ Children in hospitals
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Children in conflict with law
Q3. The Child Welfare Committee (CWC) handles:
🅰️ Prisoners
🅱️ Students
✅ 🅲️ Children in need of care and protection
🅳️ Teachers
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Children in need of care and protection
Q4. JJ Act, 2015 allows children aged 16–18 to be tried as adults in:
🅰️ Petty offences
🅱️ Theft cases
✅ 🅲️ Heinous crimes (e.g., rape, murder)
🅳️ Truancy
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Heinous crimes (e.g., rape, murder)
Q5. Which body regulates adoption under JJ Act?
🅰️ WHO
🅱️ NCPCR
✅ 🅲️ CARA (Central Adoption Resource Authority)
🅳️ NHRC
Correct Answer: 🅲️ CARA
Q6. Which of the following is true under JJ Act?
🅰️ Child can get death sentence
🅱️ No adoption allowed
✅ 🅲️ No life imprisonment without parole for juveniles
🅳️ Children can be jailed with adults
Correct Answer: 🅲️ No life imprisonment without parole for juveniles
Q7. Nurse’s role under JJ Act includes:
🅰️ Arresting the child
✅ 🅱️ Health screening and counseling
🅲️ Conducting trials
🅳️ Judging severity
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Health screening and counseling
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), adopted in 1989, is a legally binding international agreement that defines and protects the civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights of all children under the age of 18.
✳️ India ratified the UNCRC in 1992, committing to uphold and protect child rights.
| Principle | Explanation |
|---|---|
| 🟢 Non-discrimination | All children have equal rights regardless of race, gender, religion, disability |
| 🟡 Best interest of the child | All decisions must prioritize child’s well-being |
| 🔵 Right to life, survival, and development | Includes health, nutrition, education |
| 🟣 Right to participation | Child has the right to express their views freely |
🔹 Every child has the right to life, birth registration, name, nationality, and basic healthcare
🔹 Includes nutrition, shelter, and safe living environment
🔹 Covers education, play, leisure, cultural activities
🔹 Includes access to emotional and cognitive development
🔹 Right to early childhood care and special education
🔹 Protection from abuse, neglect, exploitation, and violence
🔹 Includes protection from child labor, trafficking, child marriage, sexual abuse, and armed conflict
🔹 Right to freely express views, thoughts, and opinions
🔹 Right to participate in decisions affecting the child
🔹 Encourages freedom of association and peaceful assembly
| Article No. | Right |
|---|---|
| 🟩 Article 6 | Right to life and development |
| 🟨 Article 12 | Right to express opinions |
| 🟥 Article 19 | Protection from violence, abuse |
| 🟦 Article 24 | Right to health and health services |
| 🟪 Article 28 | Right to free and compulsory education |
| 🟫 Article 32 | Protection from child labor |
| Role | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health care delivery | Ensure vaccination, nutrition, growth monitoring |
| 🗣️ Advocacy | Promote awareness of child rights in community |
| 📞 Protection | Report child abuse and neglect (under POCSO, JJ Act) |
| 📚 Education | Guide parents on child’s developmental and legal rights |
| 🧠 Counseling | Support children in distress or with trauma |
🟡 UNCRC = Universal legal framework for child rights (1989)
🟡 India ratified UNCRC in 1992
🟡 Four key rights = Survival, Development, Protection, Participation
🟡 Article 28 = Right to education
🟡 Article 19 = Protection from violence
🟡 Nurses play a key role in ensuring health, reporting abuse, and promoting rights
Q1. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was adopted in:
🅰️ 1985
✅ 🅱️ 1989
🅲️ 1992
🅳️ 2000
Correct Answer: 🅱️ 1989
Q2. India ratified the UNCRC in the year:
🅰️ 1989
🅱️ 1990
✅ 🅲️ 1992
🅳️ 1994
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 1992
Q3. Which of the following is NOT a category of child rights under UNCRC?
🅰️ Survival
🅱️ Protection
✅ 🅲️ Entertainment
🅳️ Participation
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Entertainment
Q4. Article 28 of the UNCRC ensures:
🅰️ Right to play
✅ 🅱️ Right to education
🅲️ Right to vote
🅳️ Right to employment
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Right to education
Q5. Article 19 of UNCRC is related to:
🅰️ Food rights
🅱️ Play and leisure
✅ 🅲️ Protection from abuse and violence
🅳️ Employment
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Protection from abuse and violence
Q6. The child is defined in UNCRC as an individual below the age of:
🅰️ 14 years
🅱️ 16 years
✅ 🅲️ 18 years
🅳️ 21 years
Correct Answer: 🅲️ 18 years
Q7. One major role of a nurse in promoting child rights is:
🅰️ Filing taxes
✅ 🅱️ Reporting child abuse and health promotion
🅲️ Conducting elections
🅳️ Giving legal judgments
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Reporting child abuse and health promotion
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
✳️ Rehabilitation is the process of restoring children to a safe, healthy, and productive life, including education, emotional support, skill training, and social reintegration.
| Act | Role |
|---|---|
| ⚖️ Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 | Primary law for handling both CCL & CNCP |
| 🛡️ POCSO Act, 2012 | Protection of children from abuse & trauma |
| 🏫 RTE Act, 2009 | Ensures education rights for rescued children |
| 🟨 NCPCR / SCPCR | Monitor rehabilitation and child rights |
| Institution | For |
|---|---|
| 🏠 Observation Homes | Temporary custody of children in conflict with law |
| 🏥 Special Homes | Long-term rehabilitation for convicted delinquents |
| 🛌 Children Homes | Shelter for orphaned, destitute, or CNCPs |
| 🏘️ Fit Facility / Foster Care / Group Homes | Alternative family-based care |
| 🧑🎓 After-Care Organizations | For youth >18 years leaving institutions |
| Area | Support Provided |
|---|---|
| 🏫 Education | Formal or non-formal schooling, bridge courses |
| ⚒️ Vocational Training | Tailoring, carpentry, agriculture, crafts |
| 🧠 Counseling | Individual, group, family therapy |
| 🍽️ Nutrition & Health | Regular health check-ups, balanced diet |
| 🧑🏫 Life Skills | Communication, hygiene, social skills |
| 🧾 Legal Aid | Free legal services for delinquent children |
| Function | Duties |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health Screening | Identify physical/mental health issues at entry |
| 💊 Medical Care | Immunization, treatment, hygiene, nutrition |
| 🧠 Counseling Support | Trauma healing, abuse recovery |
| 🧾 Health Records | Maintain child’s medical file and growth status |
| 📚 Education | Health education on hygiene, reproductive health |
| 📞 Referral | To psychiatrist, psychologist, or specialist if needed |
❌ Lack of trained personnel and funds
❌ Emotional trauma or repeated abuse
❌ Stigma in reintegration
❌ Poor infrastructure in child care homes
❌ Irregular monitoring or follow-up
🟡 Delinquent child = child who committed a legal offence
🟡 Destitute child = child who is orphaned, neglected, or abandoned
🟡 JJ Act, 2015 governs both CCL and CNCP rehabilitation
🟡 Observation homes = temporary shelter for delinquents
🟡 Rehabilitation plan includes education, skill training, and therapy
🟡 Nurse provides healthcare, support, and records maintenance
Q1. Rehabilitation of children in conflict with law is guided by:
🅰️ MTP Act
🅱️ RTE Act
✅ 🅲️ Juvenile Justice Act
🅳️ POCSO Act
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Juvenile Justice Act
Q2. A child who is neglected and has no family is called:
🅰️ Delinquent child
✅ 🅱️ Destitute child
🅲️ Working child
🅳️ Underweight child
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Destitute child
Q3. Special Homes under JJ Act are for:
🅰️ Child laborers
✅ 🅱️ Children convicted of serious offences
🅲️ Newborns
🅳️ Abused girls only
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Children convicted of serious offences
Q4. Individual Rehabilitation Plan (IRP) is prepared for:
🅰️ All adults
✅ 🅱️ Every rescued or delinquent child
🅲️ Only boys
🅳️ Only HIV-positive children
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Every rescued or delinquent child
Q5. Role of the nurse in child rehabilitation includes all EXCEPT:
🅰️ Health check-ups
🅱️ Nutritional counseling
✅ 🅲️ Conducting court trials
🅳️ Mental health support
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Conducting court trials
Q6. After-care organizations are meant for:
🅰️ Newborns
🅱️ Children in family homes
✅ 🅲️ Youth above 18 years leaving institutions
🅳️ Pregnant women
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Youth above 18 years leaving institutions
Q7. Vocational training is part of rehabilitation to:
🅰️ Discipline the child
🅱️ Punish the child
✅ 🅲️ Provide livelihood skills
🅳️ Isolate the child
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Provide livelihood skills
📘 Essential for Community Health Nursing, Pediatric Nursing, GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, GPSC, AIIMS, Staff Nurse Exams
Adoption is a legal process by which a child is permanently separated from biological parents and becomes the lawful child of adoptive parents with all rights, privileges, and responsibilities.
✳️ In India, adoption is regulated by different laws for different communities, and monitored by CARA under the Ministry of Women and Child Development.
| Law / Act | Applies To | Monitors |
|---|---|---|
| 📘 Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act (HAMA), 1956 | Hindus, Buddhists, Jains, Sikhs | Civil court |
| 📕 Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection) Act, 2015 | All communities (secular law) | 🏛️ CARA |
| 📗 Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 | Muslims, Christians, Parsis, Jews | Guardianship only, not full adoption |
| Feature | Details |
|---|---|
| 🏛️ Autonomous body under Ministry of Women & Child Development | |
| 📋 Regulates in-country and inter-country adoptions | |
| 🔍 Maintains online database of adoptable children and eligible parents | |
| ⚖️ Ensures ethical, legal, and transparent adoption process | |
| 📞 Website: www.cara.nic.in |
| Type | Description |
|---|---|
| 🧑👩👧 In-country Adoption | Adoption by Indian citizens residing in India |
| 🌐 Inter-country Adoption | Foreign nationals adopting Indian children |
| 🏠 Step-child Adoption | One spouse adopts the child of the other |
| 👴 Relative Adoption | Adoption by a close blood relative (under Hindu law only) |
| Area | Responsibility |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health screening | Assess child’s medical condition before adoption |
| 💉 Immunization & treatment | Ensure vaccines and basic health before placement |
| 🗣️ Counseling | Prepare adoptive families and child for bonding |
| 📁 Documentation | Maintain medical records, HSR input |
| 🤝 Coordination | Assist with referrals and support CWC/CARA activities |
❌ Delay in legal procedures
❌ Limited awareness among public
❌ Social stigma or gender bias (preference for male child)
❌ Emotional adjustment issues post-adoption
❌ Lack of trained rehabilitation staff
🟡 CARA = Central body for adoption under Ministry of Women & Child Development
🟡 JJ Act, 2015 allows adoption for all religions
🟡 Single male can adopt only male child
🟡 Adoption age gap must be at least 25 years
🟡 Nurse helps in medical fitness, records, and counseling
🟡 Children must be declared legally free by CWC before adoption
Q1. The Central Adoption Resource Authority (CARA) works under:
🅰️ Ministry of Health
🅱️ Ministry of Law
✅ 🅲️ Ministry of Women and Child Development
🅳️ Ministry of Education
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Ministry of Women and Child Development
Q2. The secular law governing adoption for all religions in India is:
🅰️ Hindu Adoption Act
🅱️ Guardianship Act
✅ 🅲️ Juvenile Justice Act, 2015
🅳️ Dowry Prohibition Act
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Juvenile Justice Act, 2015
Q3. Who can adopt a child under JJ Act?
🅰️ Only married couples
🅱️ Only Indian citizens
✅ 🅲️ Indian, NRI, or foreigner with eligibility
🅳️ Only relatives
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Indian, NRI, or foreigner with eligibility
Q4. A single male in India can adopt:
🅰️ Any child
🅱️ Only a girl child
✅ 🅲️ Only a male child
🅳️ Twin girls
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Only a male child
Q5. The child is declared legally free for adoption by:
🅰️ Court
✅ 🅱️ Child Welfare Committee (CWC)
🅲️ Police
🅳️ School
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Child Welfare Committee (CWC)
Q6. Pre-adoption foster care refers to:
🅰️ Legal custody
✅ 🅱️ Trial living of child with adoptive parents
🅲️ Hospital stay
🅳️ Orphanage training
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Trial living of child with adoptive parents
Q7. One key role of the nurse in adoption is:
🅰️ Approving court orders
🅱️ Denying applications
✅ 🅲️ Health screening and counseling
🅳️ Financial approval
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Health screening and counseling