📘 Motor Activity Disorders (Psychomotor Disorders)
✅ Definition:
Motor Activity Disorders are disturbances in a person’s movement or motor behavior that are psychological in origin rather than due to physical neurological causes. They are commonly seen in psychotic disorders, mood disorders, and catatonia.
✅ 1. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of catatonic schizophrenia?
A) Waxy Flexibility B) Delusion of Persecution C) Flight of Ideas D) Echolalia
Correct Answer: A) Waxy Flexibility Rationale: Waxy flexibility (Catalepsy) is a condition where the patient maintains imposed postures for long periods; it is a classical sign of catatonic schizophrenia.
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✅ 2. Repetitive, purposeless, and stereotyped movements like hand-flapping or rocking are known as:
A) Mannerism B) Stereotypy C) Echopraxia D) Akathisia
Correct Answer: B) Stereotypy Rationale: Stereotypy involves repetitive, non-goal-directed movements and is commonly seen in schizophrenia and autism.
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✅ 3. Which of the following terms describes a patient actively resisting all attempts to be moved or instructed?
A) Negativism B) Echopraxia C) Catalepsy D) Mutism
Correct Answer: A) Negativism Rationale: Negativism is a psychomotor disorder where the patient shows resistance to instructions or does the opposite of what is asked.
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✅ 4. A patient continuously imitates the movements of the healthcare staff. This phenomenon is known as:
A) Echolalia B) Echopraxia C) Mannerism D) Stereotypy
Correct Answer: B) Echopraxia Rationale: Echopraxia refers to the pathological imitation of others’ movements, commonly seen in catatonia.
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✅ 5. Which of the following is an example of decreased psychomotor activity?
A) Psychomotor Agitation B) Akathisia C) Psychomotor Retardation D) Excitement
Correct Answer: C) Psychomotor Retardation Rationale: Psychomotor retardation involves slowing of physical and mental activities and is typically observed in major depressive disorder.
✅ 1. Which motor activity disorder involves maintaining an awkward posture for a long time without discomfort?
A) Catalepsy (Waxy Flexibility) B) Echopraxia C) Akathisia D) Psychomotor Agitation
Correct Answer: A) Catalepsy (Waxy Flexibility) Rationale: In catalepsy, the patient maintains imposed postures for extended periods, seen in catatonic schizophrenia.
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✅ 2. Repetitive, purposeless motor movements like hand-flapping are classified as:
A) Mannerism B) Stereotypy C) Akathisia D) Negativism
Correct Answer: B) Stereotypy Rationale: Stereotypy involves repetitive, non-purposeful movements, common in schizophrenia and autism.
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✅ 3. Which of the following is a characteristic of psychomotor agitation?
A) Slowing of physical activities B) Repeated pacing and wringing of hands C) Complete absence of movement D) Maintenance of rigid postures
Correct Answer: B) Repeated pacing and wringing of hands Rationale: Psychomotor agitation is seen in mania and severe anxiety, involving restlessness and purposeless movements.
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✅ 4. A patient keeps saluting frequently in an exaggerated manner. This behavior is called:
A) Stereotypy B) Mannerism C) Echopraxia D) Compulsion
Correct Answer: B) Mannerism Rationale: Mannerism is a peculiar and exaggerated way of performing goal-directed movements.
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✅ 5. Imitating another person’s movements involuntarily is known as:
A) Echolalia B) Echopraxia C) Negativism D) Stereotypy
Correct Answer: B) Echopraxia Rationale: Echopraxia involves mimicking the movements of others, often seen in catatonia.
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✅ 6. Inability to remain seated and constant motor restlessness is termed:
A) Akathisia B) Psychomotor Retardation C) Catalepsy D) Mutism
Correct Answer: A) Akathisia Rationale: Akathisia is a movement disorder often induced by antipsychotic medications, leading to inner restlessness.
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✅ 7. Which of the following is a sign of psychomotor retardation?
A) Hyperactivity B) Increased speech C) Slowness of movement and delayed responses D) Repeated purposeless movements
Correct Answer: C) Slowness of movement and delayed responses Rationale: Psychomotor retardation is commonly seen in depression and involves slowed movements and speech.
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✅ 8. Which disorder is primarily associated with motor tics?
A) Autism Spectrum Disorder B) Tourette’s Syndrome C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder D) Catatonic Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: B) Tourette’s Syndrome Rationale: Motor and vocal tics are characteristic of Tourette’s Syndrome.
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✅ 9. Which motor activity disorder involves a patient refusing to speak despite being conscious?
A) Stupor B) Mutism C) Negativism D) Psychomotor Agitation
Correct Answer: B) Mutism Rationale: Mutism is seen in catatonia and conversion disorders, where the patient remains silent despite alertness.
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✅ 10. What is the term for active resistance or doing the opposite of what is instructed?
A) Negativism B) Echopraxia C) Compulsion D) Catalepsy
Correct Answer: A) Negativism Rationale: Negativism is a hallmark feature of catatonia, characterized by refusal to follow instructions.
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✅ 11. Which condition is characterized by repetitive blinking and shoulder shrugging?
A) Stereotypy B) Tics C) Mannerism D) Akathisia
Correct Answer: B) Tics Rationale: Tics are sudden, repetitive, involuntary motor movements.
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✅ 12. In catatonic schizophrenia, following all commands automatically is known as:
A) Automatic Obedience B) Echopraxia C) Mutism D) Negativism
Correct Answer: A) Automatic Obedience Rationale: Automatic obedience refers to following commands without hesitation, seen in catatonia.
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✅ 13. Excessive and purposeless motor activity without any goal is known as:
A) Psychomotor Retardation B) Catatonia C) Excitement D) Akathisia
Correct Answer: C) Excitement Rationale: This is seen in manic episodes and catatonic excitement, where the patient exhibits uncoordinated hyperactivity.
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✅ 14. Repeating the same movement again and again without purpose is called:
A) Echopraxia B) Perseveration C) Stereotypy D) Mannerism
Correct Answer: C) Stereotypy Rationale: Stereotypy involves repetitive, purposeless behavior.
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✅ 15. Waxy flexibility is also known as:
A) Catalepsy B) Mutism C) Negativism D) Psychomotor Agitation
Correct Answer: A) Catalepsy Rationale: Waxy flexibility or catalepsy is a key sign of catatonia where the patient maintains a fixed posture.
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✅ 16. Which of the following is a hyperkinetic motor activity disorder?
A) Stupor B) Akathisia C) Psychomotor Retardation D) Mutism
Correct Answer: B) Akathisia Rationale: Akathisia involves hyperactive movements caused by inner restlessness.
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✅ 17. Which motor disorder is most frequently induced by antipsychotic medications?
A) Akathisia B) Catatonia C) Mutism D) Mannerism
Correct Answer: A) Akathisia Rationale: Akathisia is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications leading to movement restlessness.
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✅ 18. Which of the following is an example of decreased psychomotor activity?
A) Excitement B) Psychomotor Agitation C) Stupor D) Akathisia
Correct Answer: C) Stupor Rationale: Stupor is a state of unresponsiveness and immobility, often seen in catatonia.
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✅ 19. Which of the following is a drug-induced motor activity disorder?
A) Catalepsy B) Akathisia C) Stereotypy D) Echopraxia
Correct Answer: B) Akathisia Rationale: Akathisia is commonly induced by antipsychotics and involves restlessness.
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✅ 20. Repetition of words or phrases beyond appropriate context is called:
A) Echolalia B) Echopraxia C) Stereotypy D) Perseveration
Correct Answer: D) Perseveration Rationale: Perseveration is the pathological repetition of words or actions.
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✅ 21. Which of the following is commonly seen in catatonia?
A) Mannerism B) Waxy Flexibility C) Flight of Ideas D) Delusions
Correct Answer: B) Waxy Flexibility Rationale: Waxy flexibility is the hallmark motor sign of catatonic schizophrenia.
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✅ 22. A patient keeps imitating the nurse’s every movement. This behavior is known as:
A) Echopraxia B) Echolalia C) Stereotypy D) Catalepsy
Correct Answer: A) Echopraxia Rationale: Echopraxia involves mimicking other people’s movements involuntarily.
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✅ 23. Motor tics usually worsen with:
A) Relaxation B) Stress and Anxiety C) Sleep D) Food Intake
Correct Answer: B) Stress and Anxiety Rationale: Tics are aggravated by emotional stress and anxiety.
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✅ 24. Which psychomotor disorder involves sudden stoppage of thought and movement mid-conversation?
A) Thought Insertion B) Thought Blocking C) Stupor D) Mutism
Correct Answer: B) Thought Blocking Rationale: Thought blocking leads to sudden interruption in thinking and often stops motor activity briefly.
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✅ 25. Which of the following is NOT a motor activity disorder?
A) Negativism B) Waxy Flexibility C) Echolalia D) Psychomotor Retardation
Correct Answer: C) Echolalia Rationale: Echolalia is a speech-related disorder, not a motor activity disorder.