SOCIAL PROBLEMS:

• Social problems are situations that are considered a threat by society.
• These social problems need to be addressed. Social problems cause dissatisfaction and suffering.
• All social problems cause disorder in society.
• Social problems arise from the above needs. What is a social problem today may not be considered a social problem tomorrow. Social problems have been defined by various authors.
• According to Green, a social problem is a set of conditions that are perceived by a majority or a significant minority in society as Morally wrong is defined as.
• According to Ladbird, a social problem is any deviant behavior in society or an unacceptable direction to such a degree that it exceeds the tolerance limit of the community.
• If we look at ancient Greece, some problems such as prostitution were not social problems but they are social problems in the modern world. When these are challenged, social problems will be eliminated.
• Some social problems such as war crimes, unemployment and poverty have always been considered social problems.

There are three main criteria for social problems.

• Something needs to be done to change the situation that is considered a problem.
• A social problem needs to be changed in order to solve the social problem.
• People believe that it can be fixed or eliminated, which means that the social problem is undesirable but not inevitable.

 SOCIAL PROBLEMS :

• Something needs to be done to change the social problem.
• Change social systems to solve the problem.
• People believe that it will be fixed.

Social problem: criteria:

Types of social problem:

Harold A. :

• According to Phelps, there are 4 categories.

Economic :

• Poverty and unemployment

Biological :

• Long-term diseases, short-term diseases, disabilities

Bio – psychological :

• Neurological problems
• Mental problems
• Suicide
• Achki
• Alcohol consumption

Cultural:

• Elderly problems
• Homelessness
• Widows
• Divorce
• Crime
• Juvenile delinquency

SOCIAL PROBLEM: NOT DUE TO A SINGLE CAUSE:

• Social problems are complex and usually they are not due to any single cause but due to many reasons.
• Take the example of poverty, then its many causes are reasons such as illiteracy, increasing population, decrease in employment or unemployment.
• If we look at this, then another problem is illiteracy linked to poverty.
• Itself is the cause of poverty, so sometimes social problems are so interrelated with each other that it is difficult to separate them and then solve the problem without solving the interrelated problem. It cannot be.
• It means that efforts should be made to find out all the causes of social problems and solve them adequately.
• Despite high economic growth in India, there is still poverty.
• More than one odd to 350 and 400 odd people live below the poverty line. About 75 percent of these poor people live in rural areas. Most of them are laborers and people with this employment.

PROSTITUTION :

• Prostitution is a serious social problem in India.
• Prostitution occurs due to the following reasons.
• Poverty
• Unemployment
• No integration of services
• Lack of options
• Stigma and hostile social attitudes Family expectations and pressures Adaptation to lifestyle
• Most people in India engage in sex work because they lack the resources to support themselves or their children. Many choose it as a profession to meet their needs.
• Often after a marriage breaks down or they are rejected by their family or thrown out of the house.
• Poverty is considered to be the root of the growing prostitution problem in India. Sometimes women may call themselves prostitutes to gain material wealth.
• Eliminating prostitution requires restructuring the social set-up that respects the identity of a woman as a human being.
• Women’s education and economic empowerment will counter their vulnerability.
• Recognition of women as human beings will lead to equality.
• The laws relating to the status of sex workers are the Immoral Traffic (Suppression) Act of 1956, known as the Immoral Traffic (Suppression) Act (SITA).
• According to this law, sex workers in India are legally Not illegal, in particular, the law prohibits sex workers from plying their trade within 200 yards of a public place.
• Sex workers are not protected under general workers’ laws, and are not entitled to minimum wage benefits, injury compensation, or other benefits common to other types of workers.
• The old law was recently replaced by the Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act.
• A prostitute is a person who allows her body to be used for purposes in exchange for payment. Prostitution is the sale of sexual services such as oral sex or anal sex.
• Which exists not only in India but also all over the country.
• Prostitution has continued since ancient and medieval India and has a wider perspective in modern India.
• Prostitution itself is a social problem, child prostitution is compounding it.

CAUSE OF PROSTITUTION :

• Poverty
• Excessive addiction
• Inattention
• No other options
• Homelessness
• Family history
• Self-esteem Lack of
• Peer pressure
• Good life
• Family breakup
• Loneliness and boredom
• No one to hold on to
• Inability to get married
• Rape has occurred
• Lack of recreational facilities
• Scientific reasons

Laws related to prostitution in India:

• Suppression of immoral traffic in human and girl act 1956
• Prevention of immoral traffic act 1956
• Immoral traffic act 1956

Any person who keeps or manages or works or assists in the care or management of a prostitution ring shall, on first conviction, be liable to rigorous imprisonment for a term not less than one year and not exceeding three years and may also be fined.

CRIME:

Introduction:

• Crime is a major problem facing society. Crime is a major phenomenon of modern culture and society. Although crimes were also present in primitive society but there was no major problem in it.
• In primitive society, more effort is required to effectively control the individual circles. There was less crime in primitive society because there was a code of beliefs and customs. The culture was stable and uniform. But many other social problems of our modern society like crime are also a price that we have to pay. In India too, crime has been increasing continuously in recent years.

DEFINITIONS:

• Crime can be defined as the act or omission of an individual that the law of the land prohibits or prohibits. Crime is considered to be the behavior of individuals that the group strongly disapproves of.
• According to Elliott and Merrill, crime is social behavior that the group may disapprove of and for which it is punished.
• Crime is an act or omission that is considered by law to be harmful to the public and punishable by the state.
• Certain types of wrongdoing are considered to be of a public character.

CAUSE OF CRIME:

• The lack of control of the head of the family over his family members is one of the reasons for crime.
• Crime occurs when the control of the society over the members of the society decreases.
• Drug and alcoholic motivation increases the crime rate.
• Due to some religious blind beliefs, some people commit crimes like flood sacrifice, robbery, communal violence, etc.
• A flawed education system People commit crimes because the education system does not emphasize morality and character.
• Crime rates are increasing due to crimes like child marriage, dowry etc.
• Poverty is the main reason in the society.
• Unemployment also causes crimes.
• A weak-minded person commits crimes by condemning those people.
• Crime comes with blood and once a criminal is born Once it is done, crimes also increase to remove it from that path.
• Under the impact of industrialization, urbanization is happening rapidly and people migrating from villages feel tempted to violate the law.

DRUG ADDICTION (drug addiction):

• Substance addiction is characterized by compulsive and sometimes uncontrollable drug seeking and use.
• which is continued even in the face of extremely negative consequences.
• Long-term use of drugs affects brain function and thus behavior.
• Many people are addicted for a long time.

Cause of drug addiction ( Causes of Drug Addiction ) :

• Can’t cope with a difficult situation
• If you have lost someone close to you
• Despair
• Feeling of acceptance
• Loneliness
• Unable to achieve goals

Sign / symptoms (sign and symptoms):

• Headache
• Tension
• Inability to sleep
• Increase in depression

Prevention (Prevention):

• Parental supervision is important to prevent drug addiction
• A person should be praised for his good behavior and conduct
• Parents and children should be educated about the harm that can be caused by drug addiction.
• For this, the following things should be kept in mind:
• Self-control
• Emotional Awareness
• Communication Social Problem Solving
• Educational Support.

DOWRY SYSTEM (Dowry System):

• Dowry is a social problem.
• Dowry is defined as the property received by the bride from her husband or his family at the time of marriage.
• The bride can be defined as the valuables and valuables received by the groom and his relatives at the time of marriage.
• The practice is based on the following factors.
• The boy’s service and salary
• The social and economic status of the girl’s father
• The educational qualifications of the boy and the girl
• The boy’s job and his salary
• The girl’s beauty and features
• Future prospects of financial security
• Size and composition of the family of the girl and the boy
• The girl’s parents continue to give money and gifts to her husband’s family not only at the time of marriage but throughout her life.

CAUSE OF DOWRY:

• One of the reasons for dowry is that every parent wants and desires their daughter to marry high and well in the family or to increase her prestige or to increase the comfort and security of her daughter.
• Another reason for the existence of dowry is that it is given by the parents.
• It is difficult to change this social custom of dowry suddenly.
• Some people give dowry only because their parents and ancestors were associated with giving dowry.
• Marrying within the same caste leads to a shortage of boys who have high-level jobs or good careers in business.
• The boy’s parents demand a large amount from the girl’s parents to accept their daughter as their daughter-in-law. demands.
• Dowry is given only to show their high social and economic status.
• The reason for accepting dowry is that they have to give dowry to their daughters and sisters, so they look forward to their daughter’s dowry in fulfilling the responsibility of finding husbands for their daughters.

DOWRY PROHIBITION ACT 1961 :

• This act was passed on 20 May 1961. According to this act, it is not allowed to exchange gifts exceeding ₹2,000. If a person is found to be giving or receiving dowry, he will be fined.
• For its violation, imprisonment of six months or a fine of up to Rs. 5000 or both is given.
• No action can be taken for violation of the act unless some complaint is made.

ALCOHOLISM (Alcoholism):

Alcoholism is a worldwide social and medical problem. The amount and frequency of alcohol consumption has increased in the last 30 to 40 years. It is also known as alcohol dependence. It is a type of disease.

They include the following…

• Craving
• Loss of control
• Physical dependence
• Tolerance

Craving:

• A strong desire to drink

Loss of control:

• Once you start drinking, you can’t stop.

Physical dependence:

• After stopping drinking, symptoms such as nausea, sweating, tremors, and anxiety are observed.

Tolerance:

• To develop tolerance, it is necessary to drink more alcohol.
• Alcohol is like a disease. The craving for alcohol is as strong as the need for food or water.
• Alcoholism is a chronic disease in which people continue to drink despite family health or legal problems. Alcohol affects both a person’s genes and their life cycle.

CAUSE ( causes):

• Unemployment
• Staying away from home
• Homelessness
• Single parent in the family
• Peer pressure
• Stress
• Poverty
• Status symbol
• Being tall
• Going through social or economic situations
• Cultural changes

PREVENTION:

• Identifying risk factors
• Bringing awareness
• To make people aware of the consequences of alcohol
• To establish social and health welfare services.

DELIQUENCY (performed by teens):

• Crime is a social problem that is seen in adolescents (children under 18 years of age).
• Crime occurs in every country in the world. In many countries, crime emerged as a separate problem in the late 19th century.
• Crime is often closely linked to poverty and the gap between rich and poor in society.
• Furthermore, crime is a major disruption of traditions. When major social patterns are changing, crime is seen as a symptom at the top.

DEFINITIONS:

• Oxford English According to the dictionary, delinquency is the state of being criminal or considered a crime.
• Delirious means a failure to perform a duty or obligation.
• Juvenile delinquency is a term used to describe any offense against the law committed by a youth under a certain age.
• In many countries, it is considered to be a crime for children under the age of 18, but this varies around the world.
• In the United States, the policy is that when a youth is convicted of a crime and is found guilty of it, he or she can be punished for the crime. is.
• In addition, a status offense may be charged when it is a violation of a specific prohibition that applies to it.
• A criminal is someone who behaves differently from normal behavior and in other words, they are people who have committed a crime, for example…. sexual offenses, theft, etc.

CAUSE (causes):

• Social Disorders
• Poverty
• Home Situation
• Drinking Alcohol

PROGRAMS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL:

There is a specific approach towards the care, protection, maintenance, training and rehabilitation of delinquent children.

The Children Act 1960 was made for delinquents.

Structure of institutions for such children:

• Juvenile or Children’s Court
• Child Welfare Board
• Remand Home
• Certified School
• Children’s Home
• After Care Organization
• Observational Home.

The competent authority shall take into account the following circumstances while making any order in relation to a child under this Act….

• Age of the children
• The circumstances in which the children live.
• Report made by a professional officer.
• Religious understanding of the child
• In the opinion of the competent officer, there are other circumstances which are necessary to be taken into account in the best interests of the child.
• However, the child offender In such a case, the above circumstances will be taken into consideration after recording the findings against the child offender in the Children’s Court.

PUNISHMENT FOR CURELTY TO CHILD (Punishment for Curtailment to Child):

• If someone has actual control over or assaults a child. If he attacks or abandons a child, he exposes or deliberately neglects him or gives or obtains a reason to comfort him.
• Such a child shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five months or six months or with both.

HANDICAPPED (handicap):

• According to John M. Last 1995, disability can be defined as a reduction in a person’s ability to perform a social role and function as a result of an impairment or inadequate training for the role or other circumstances that apply to children.
• The presence of an impairment or other circumstances that interferes with normal growth and development or with the ability to learn is.
• Disability is defined as a disadvantage for a given individual that results from an impairment or handicap.
• A person who is unable to adequately fulfill the role of a normal person.
• Disability can be intrinsic or extrinsic.

Intrinsic:Blindness

Extrinsic (External): Loss of parents

• Can be primary and secondary

Primary: Blindness

Secondary: Poverty

Handicapped people are classified into three types.

 Physical disability

 Mental disability

 Social disability

Physical disability

• Physical disabilities include blindness, deafness, aphasia, cerebral palsy, road accidents, burns, etc.
• These disabilities can be caused by birth defects or infections or accidents.

Mentally handicapped

Reduced mental growth and development can be caused by genetic or environmental factors.

• Genetic factors ..such as Down syndrome
• Antenatal factors such as… neural tube defect, Rh- incompatibility
• Perinatal factors such as… birth injury, hypoxia, cerebral palsy.
• Postnatal factors like head injury, encephalitis, accident etc.
• Miscellaneous factors like.. maternal malnutrition, consanguineous marriage etc.

Social handicap :

A socially handicapped child is defined as a child whose healthy personality development opportunities and full development of potential are hindered by certain elements in his social environment…such as parental inadequacy, lack of stimulation of the learning process.

PREVENTION :

• Genetic testing.
• Identify at-risk individuals and refer them to all.
• Vaccination
• Adequate nutrition
• Medical care during the prenatal, postnatal and intranatal periods.
• Early diagnosis of disabilities To do.
• To take adequate treatment such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy and prosthetic treatment.
• To take training and education of a disabled child for independent living, i.e. vocational guidance.
• He should be trained to work with the thing he enjoys learning so that he does not become a burden on others.

DISABLED/HANDICAPPED GROUP :

• According to the 2001 census reports, 2.19 crore persons out of the total population of the country are disabled.
• 1.67% of the total population in the age group of 0-19 years are disabled.
• The main types of disability seen in the age group of 0-19 years are hearing, movement and mental disorders.
• According to the 2001 census,  35-29%  of the total disabled population  are disabled.
• Out of which 33.9% have visual impairment
• 47.26% have speech problems 23.02% have hearing problems 37.08% and movement problems
• 35.19% and suffer from mental retardation.
• The prevalence of movement disability is highest in the age group of 10-19 years at 33.02%.
• Discrimination continues to exist in India in terms of access to basic services and opportunities for people with disabilities, and only a few services are available for children with disabilities.

Disability:

• The concept of disability varies in each society.
• Disability is defined in different ways. A synonym for disability is called impairment.
• According to WHO, impairment is any loss or abnormality of mental, physical or anatomical structure or function.
• Disability is a disadvantage for a given person that occurs due to an impairment or handicap that hinders or prevents the person from performing a task that is normal for that person.
• According to the social model, disability is the loss or limitation of opportunities to participate in the normal life of the community on an equal basis with others due to physical and social barriers.
• There are many conditions such as low vision, hearing impairment, disability, etc. that constitute disability or handicap.
• India has a very high number of disabled people. Disabled people are marginalized and neglected.
• India has shifted from the medical model of intervention to the care of the disabled, with the responsibility of the family rather than the community. There is a need to shift towards community-based rehabilitation.

SERVICES FOR HANDICAPPED/DISABLED:

It is the responsibility of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Justice along with other Ministries to provide assistance, schemes and reliefs to the Government of India. The main areas of services are prevention, early identification and prevention, education, training and employment and legal action.

PREVENTION, EARLY IDENTIFICATION AND INTERVENTION:

• Prevention Early identification and prevention as a continuous process is necessary to reduce the incidence of disabled persons. Various services or programs were started to reduce it.
• Programs like…
• ICDS program was started in 1975-76 with the objective of improving the nutritional and health status of children aged 0 to six years and mothers in the 15-44 age group.
• In 1983, the National Health Policy included the WHO-sponsored Comprehensive Immunization Program.
• In 1986, the National Program for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (CID) was launched with the aim of preventing the occurrence of goiter, mental retardation and hearing impairment.
• In 1992, the CSSM Program was created to identify and prepare for information-related disabilities.
• There are various ways to identify where there is a disability due to government hospitals and attendance, through which the incidence of handicap in children can be prevented or reduced, such as physiotherapy , occupational therapy , speech therapy…

EDUCATION:

• Education is provided to the disabled in various models. 900 schools have been built for children with hearing impairment and 400 schools for children with visual impairment.
• More than 50 thousand disabled children have been registered for schools under the government-sponsored program.
• More than 700 schools have been registered for children with locomotor disabilities.
• A thousand schools have been built for intellectually or physically disabled children.
• These are special educational centers in India that provide pre-vocational and vocational training and rehabilitation education
• Reservation of jobs for deaf and physically challenged people in grade C and grade D posts. This reservation is up to three percent so that each group can get a quota of 1% reservation.

LEGISLATION:

• The Disability Act was passed in 1995. This Act provides for preventive and promotional aspects of rehabilitation such as education, employment, vocational training, reservation etc. and includes independent living.
• The Rehabilitation of India Act 1992 led to the establishment of the Rehabilitation Counselling of India.
• It is responsible for standardizing and monitoring the training courses for rehabilitation professionals.
• The Act was amended in 2000 with the additional responsibility of promoting research in rehabilitation and special education.
•  The Government of India provides relief to the disabled in the following areas
•  travel
• communication
• income tax concession
• loans

Travel

The concession is valid for the person accompanying the disabled person as well as the disabled person.

Indian Airlines and Lokomotiv offer 50% concession to disabled persons.

The Ministry of Railways offers a discount of 75% on all ticket fares and 50% on season tickets on eligible products.

communication

Preference is given to visually and loco-metered persons like Ashok Sam for operating STD/PCO telephone facilities.

Income tax concession:

Parents or guardians of a disabled person are entitled to tax deduction on income of Rs. 40,000.

Loans:

Persons with disabilities can avail loans from public sector banks and under Integrated Rural Development Programme up to Rs. 6000 for physically challenged persons. Subsidy is available.

CHILD ABUSE:

• Child abuse is generally characterized by the child being beaten, abused, and mistreated.
• The widespread practice includes not only physical violence but also sexual abuse, psychological and emotional alienation, neglect, deprivation, and lack of affection.

DEFINITION :

• Child day behavior can be defined as any harmful and abusive contact on a child’s body and any type of communication or causing or permitting it.
• That humiliates, embarrasses or intimidates a child is.
• Some hair removal practices and any act   Or it can be defined as neglect.
• Who fails to raise children.
• The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act defines child abuse as any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caregiver.
• Death is the result of serious physical or emotional harm or sexual abuse or exploitation or a third party and the failure to act presents an imminent risk of serious harm.

TYPES OF CHILD ABUSE:

• Emotional Abuse
• Neglet
• Physical Abuse
• Sexual Abuse

Emotional Abuse:

• Emotional abuse is the failure of a parent or caregiver to act in a way that results in serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional, or psychological distress in a child. Can occur.
• Verbal abuse
• Mental abuse
• Psychological maltreatment
• Involves more serious or emotional abuse by a caregiver or parent.
• Such as…
• To imprison in a closet or dark room
• To tie a child to a chair, bed or fan for a long time
• To threaten or terrorize a child

neglect :

• Neglect refers to the failure to provide for a child’s basic needs.
• Neglect can take the following forms:

Physical neglect:

• Physical abuse means causing physical injury to a child.
• It includes hitting, shaking, kicking, hitting, or otherwise harming a child.
• Physical abuse can result in excessive discipline or physical punishment that is inappropriate for the child.

Sexual abuse (sexual abuse) Exploitation):

Sexual abuse is inappropriate behavior for a child, such as touching a child’s genitals, rape, exhibitionism, and sexual abuse.

commercial or exploration of a child:

• It refers to the use of a child in work or other activities for the benefit of others, including but not limited to child labor and child prostitution. These activities are harmful to the child’s physical, mental, educational, spiritual, moral, social, and emotional development.

Contributing factors of child abuse ( Contributing factors of child abuse) Factors ):

• Poor middle class
• Drug use
• Loneliness
• Young parents
• Being a bully at home
• Stress
• Lack of support

Consequences of child abuse ( Consequences of child abuse ) :

• Has a habit of lying
• Becomes a fearless child
• The child’s self-confidence decreases
• Blindness
• Mental depression
• Emotional depression
• Stunting
• Death

Remedial measures:

• Provision of supportive home visitors such as public health nurses or trained family members who are at risk of using violence against children.

Legal help :

• Postpone having children until they are mature enough to be adequate parents.
• Strengthen the individual and their family to avoid violence.

OVERPOPULATION AND SLUM OR POPULATION EXPLOSION (Overpopulation and Slum or Population Explosion) :

Overpopulation :

• Due to uncontrolled population growth, every city, village and town is becoming more crowded.
• The migration of rural people in search of employment, better education, and better health facilities has increased the population in towns and cities.
• India’s population was 68.5 crore in 1981, 84.5 crore in 1991, and 102.70 crore in 2001. This increase in population is about 21 percent.
• Overpopulation reduces the development of any country and causes many social and economic losses.
• Per capita income adversely affects the availability of natural resources and the basic needs of life.

Over population/population expulsion:

• Overpopulation is defined as the number of people who can live on Earth in comfort, happiness, and health.

Cause of rapid population growth:

• Major advances in science and technology
• Improvement in public health
• Development of medical technology such as vaccines and antibiotics
• Improvement in standard of living
• Education
• Reduction in mortality
• Quality of life Amendment.

CONSEQUENCES OF OVERPOPULATION/POPULATION EXPLOSION:

Land and space

• Land is limited. The demand for land is increasing for the expansion of towns and cities, establishment of industrial complexes, expansion of agriculture, etc., in turn, problems like deforestation, erosion, flooding, etc. arise.

Housing problem

• Increasing There is a shortage of housing for the growing population and the excessive growth of people in towns and cities is creating a maximum shortage of housing. The population doubles after 15 to 30 years.

Food supply

• Large families with limited means are unable to provide a balanced diet. Children suffer from malnutrition and less healthy individuals grow up in the society.

Water supply

• Every city and town faces water shortage, especially in summer. 95% of municipal corporations in India do not have the facility to purify water before supplying it to the consumer.

Sewage disposable

• Wastewater treatment is poor and inadequate in most places due to its high cost and ever-increasing demand.

Sanitation:

• Proper sanitation is not observed in places with P section due to problems in waste collection and its transportation and disposal. Water and rain runoff create a huge problem of pollution.

Health care and education

• Due to the increasing population, it is becoming difficult to provide health facilities and education to them. Large families with limited means cannot provide health and education properly. Due to the lack of schools and colleges, rural people do not get proper education.

Unemployment and poverty

• It is difficult to provide employment to such a large population. The population is based on lack of employment opportunities and family and large number of poverty.

Crimes

• The educated and poor people live in crowded conditions and become victims of social evils like drug abuse, gambling, theft etc. and commit crimes.

Rising prices

• Due to the increase in population, there is a shortage of essential household items and due to this, there is an increase in the prices of goods.

Traffic problems

• Due to the increase in population, congestion and the increasing number of vehicles cause traffic problems, especially related to office and factory workers and children going to school and college. Traffic problems are seen during peak hours.

Fuel and energy problem

• Due to the increase in population, the demand for fuel, wood, fossil fuels, oil, gas, coal and electricity has increased. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, the consumption of energy increases. To reduce the crisis, alternative energy  Resource is being used.

POPULATION CONTROL:

There are two ways to control human population.

• Planned
• Spontaneous

Planned control of population:

• The only practical way to control the world’s population is to increase the birth rate  To be reduced
• Education
• Marriageable age
• Family planning

Education

• Young people who are in the reproductive age should be educated about the benefits of a small family.
• Mass media (radio, television, newspapers, magazines, posters)
• And educational institutions can play an important role in this.

Marriageable age

• The current marriageable age is 18 years for women and 21 years for men. Demographic experts explain that raising the marriageable age of women from 18 to 20 or 22 years will reduce the birth rate by 20 to 30 percent.
• A report by the Indian Council of Medical Research shows that 49% of women in India are married before the legal age of 18.

Family planning

• Adopt a government-sponsored family planning program. Since 1951, the birth rate in India has shown only a slight decline, from 41.7 in about 50 years to 28.3 per 1000. In 1975, the Indian government implemented a mandatory sterilization program that required one parent to be sterilized after two children, but due to public opposition, it was changed back to a voluntary approach.

HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH AND IMPACT:

• Increased energy demand
• Climate change
• Shortage of natural resources
• Food shortage.
• Overpopulation has serious consequences for sustainability and the overall environment.
• Environmental impact
• Number of people
• Per capita wealth (consumption)
• On resource use
• Impact of technology The number of people currently consuming and using resources is increasing, and sustainability is failing.
• Overpopulation will lead to some social problems. These social problems are seen due to economic problems like poverty, unemployment and hunger.
• These problems cause social problems like begging, smuggling, trafficking and these inappropriate behaviors.