Write viral skin infection

Viral skin infections are commonly seen. Which affects any part of the body.

Viral skin infections include chickenpox, measles, rubella, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, warts, molluscum contagiosum, rosacea, fifth disease, and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD).

Viral skin infections are mainly caused by varicella zoster virus, human papilloma virus, entero virus, herpes virus, pox virus, measles virus.

Systemic antiviral medicine and topical antiviral medicine are mainly used to treat viral skin infections.

Acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir medicines are used as antiviral medicines.

• Define herpes zoster

Herpes zoster is also known as ‘shingles’.

Herpes zoster is a viral skin infection caused by a virus called varicella zoster.

It is mainly seen in immunosuppressed patients, HIV positive patients, cancer patients, organ transplant patients and patients receiving radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Explain pathophysiology of herpes zoster

A primary infection with varicella zoster causes chickenpox in a person. (Chickenpox is caused by the varicella zoster virus.)
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After chickenpox, the varicella zoster virus remains dormant in the sensory dorsal ganglia near the brain and spinal cord.
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When a person’s cellular immunity is weakened, this virus is reactivated, i.e. becomes active and multiplies.
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This activated virus reaches the skin through the peripheral nerve and a small red colored blister is seen in the skin, which means the condition of herpes zoster is seen.

Explain sign & symptoms seen in herpes zoster

Painful rashes of red color are seen on the skin. which look like blisters.

There is a burning sensation in it.

Itching and tender nests are seen in the infected area.

Eruption of blisters occurs within a few days.

Severe pain occurs 24 to 48 hours before eruption and this pain is radiating.

These blisters are mostly found on the trunk, face and lumbosacral area. These blisters do not cross the midline of the body i.e. are seen unilaterally.

Eye pain is seen if the ophthalmic nerve is infected.

Postherpetic neuralgia is seen in patients with herpes zoster.
(Persistent pain for several months after the lesion disappears is known as postherpetic neuralgia)

How to diagnose herpes zoster

History Collection

Physical Examination

Culture and sensitivity test

Tzanck smear

Write medical management of herpes zoster

Using antiviral medicine to treat viral infections. Take this medicine within 24 hours of eruption.

Apply topical antiviral medicine to the infected area.

Use of acyclovir, valacyclovir and famciclovir as antiviral medicine.

Use of analgesic drugs to relieve pain.

If the patient is older than 50 years, use systemic corticosteroids to reduce postherpetic neuralgia.

Providing cold compresses on the infected area.

Write nursing management of herpes zoster

To assess vital signs.

To note the characteristic of blisters.

Assessing pain level. To assess its location, duration and intensity.

Provide a comfortable position to the patient.

Change position every two hours.

Applying wet compresses or cold compresses.

Provide the patient with mind diversion therapy and relaxation techniques to divert attention from the pain.

Apply wet dressing and lotion on the affected area.

Advising the patient about home care.

Administer the medicine prescribed by the doctor.

To maintain records and reports.

• Define herpes simplex

Herpes simplex is also known as ‘fever blister’ or ‘cold sore’.
Because it has blisters along with fever and cold sores around the mouth and face.

Herpes simplex is a common skin infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).

There are two types of herpes simplex virus: HSV1 and HSV2

Factors that trigger herpes simplex include fever, illness, menstrual period, sun exposure, stress, trauma and systemic infection.

Explain types of herpes simplex

There are two types of herpes simplex:
i) Orolabial herpes
ii) Genital herpes

i) Orolabial herpes

Oral herpes is caused by the HSV-1 virus. Oral herpes is spread by contact with the saliva of an infected person. Orolabile herpes presents with cold sores around the face and mouth.

ii) Genital herpes

Genital herpes is caused by the HSV-2 virus. Genital herpes is spread through sexual contact with an infected person. Genital herpes involves sores around the genital area and anus.

Explain sign & symptoms seen in herpes simplex

Orolabile herpes presents with painful itchy sores around the lips, mouth and tongue. Which look like crusty and fluid filled blisters. Often pus is also seen in it.

Genital herpes causes sores in the genital area and the area around the anus.

Tingling and burning sensation is observed.

Etching is seen on the infected area.

Systemic symptoms include fever and sore throat.

Swelling is seen in the lymph nodes.

Erosions and ulcers with vesical rupture are seen.

How to diagnose herpes simplex (How to diagnose herpes simplex)

History Collection

Physical Examination

Viral culture

Skin scraping

Serology

Write medical management of herpes simplex

Using antiviral drugs to treat viral infections.

Apply topical medicine-acyclovir ointment to the infected area.

Administering antipyretic drug to remove fever.

Administering analgesic drugs to relieve pain.

Write nursing management of herpes simplex

To assess vital signs.

Note the color, location of the sore.

Apply topical medicine on the infected area.

Advise the patient to keep the genital area dry. Use of cotton underwear.

Advise the patient to avoid wearing tight and fitting clothes.

To provide knowledge to the patient and his relative about how to prevent the spread of infection.

Educating the patient and his family members about preventive measures.

Administer the medicine prescribed by the doctor.

To maintain records and reports.

Write prevention of herpes simplex

Using dental dams while having oral sex.

Using a condom while having intercourse.

To avoid multiple sexual partners.

Avoiding sex with a sexual partner if he has herpes simplex.

Do not share towels, lip balm and other personal products with each other.

Avoid sun exposure.

Don’t stress too much.

Define warts

Warts are also known as ‘verrucas’.

Warts are viral skin infections caused by the human papilloma virus.

Warts are mainly found on the mucous membrane, genital area, hands, feet and face.

In which mainly non-cancerous bumps are seen on the screen. The average size of this bump is 1 to 10 millimeters.

Warts are seen as single or clustered.

Explain types of warts

Common warts

Common warts are also known as ‘verruca vulgaris’. Common warts are the most common type of warts hence they are called common warts. Common warts are hard raised bumps on fingers and hands.

Flat warts

Flat warts are also known as ‘verruca plana’. In which smooth flat lesions are seen in the face, forehead and lower leg.

Filliform warts

Filiform warts are mainly found on the eyelids, lips, face and neck. Filiform warts look like thin and long threads.

Planter warts

Plantar warts are mainly found on the sole of the foot. In which small hard bumps are seen and black color dots are seen in it. It develops inwards if pressure is put on it by shoes or walking.

Genital warts

Genital warts are also known as ‘venereal warts’. In which gray and off-white colored calli flower shaped lumps are seen around the genital area. Cervical cancer occurs in women due to genital warts.

Periungual warts

Peringule warts develop under and around fingernails and toenails. Painful rash is seen on the skin.

How to diagnose warts

History Collection

Physical Examination

Shave biopsy

Skin scraping

Write medical management of warts

Acid therapy is very useful for treating warts. In which salicylic acid is used. Sally cyclic acid is applied to the warts for several months to dissolve the warts.

Duct tape is used in the treatment of warts. In which duct tape is applied on the affected area for a few days after which the area is soaked and finally it is rubbed and the dead tissue is removed.

An immune system stimulator (imiquimod) is also often used.

Write surgical management of warts

Cryosurgery: In which warts are frozen and destroyed by liquid nitrogen.

Laser therapy: Laser therapy destroys the blood vessels inside the warts so that the warts are killed without blood supply.

Electro desiccation and curettage: In electro desiccation warts are destroyed using electric current.

What is Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the pox virus (molluscum contagiosum virus). Molluscum contagiosum can occur anywhere on the body such as face, neck, arm, leg, abdomen and genital area. In which painless bumps or lesions of round, white or pink color are seen. Which is known as mollusca. A dot is seen on top of this bump. The bump resolves within 6 to 12 months.

osum (what is molluscum contagiosum)

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection caused by the pox virus (molluscum contagiosum virus). Molluscum contagiosum can occur anywhere on the body such as face, neck, arm, leg, abdomen and genital area. In which painless bumps or lesions of round, white or pink color are seen. Which is known as mollusca. A dot is seen on top of this bump. The bump resolves within 6 to 12 months.

What is roseola

Rosella is also known as ‘sixth disease’. Because according to the historical classification of common skin race illnesses seen in children, Rosella is ranked sixth. Hence it is known as Sixth Disease.

Rosella is a common viral infection. Which is caused by two types of herpes virus (Herpes virus-6, Herpes virus-7).

Rosacea is more common in children. There are small spots and patches like race on the trunk and neck and fever.

What is fifth disease

Fifth disease is also known as ‘erythema infectiosum’. According to the hysterological classification of common skin rash in children, this disease is the fifth place, hence it is known as the fifth disease.

Fifth disease is a common and highly contagious childhood disease. which is caused by infection with parvovirus B19. In which bright red color races are seen on the cheek and around it is known as slapped cheek.Flu like symptoms are also seen.

What is hand foot & mouth disease (HFMD)

Hand foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection caused by coxsackievirus A16 and enterovirus ATI. HFMD is mainly seen in children under five. In which painful red blisters and sores are seen around the mouth, hands and feet. Systematic symptoms are also seen along with it.