What are common therapy and surgery for skin diseases?

Topical medicine

Topical medicine is more effective for skin conditions.

Topical medicine is applied directly to the skin lesion or affected area.

Hence, the effect of the medicine is more on the affected area and its systemic effect is less.

Topical medicine nourishes and protects the skin.

Topical medicine is found in different forms like lotions, creams, gels, pastes, ointments, oils, sprays, patches.

As a topical medicine antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiseptic, antiinflammatory, antiparasitic,

Neomycin sulfate cream, erythromycin gel, silver sulfadiazine cream, povidone iodine ointment are used as topical antibacterial.

Acyclovir ointment, penciclovir cream are used as topical antivirals.

Clotrimazole cream, ketoconazole cream, nystatin ointment are used as topical antifungal.

Betamethasone valerate ointment, hydrocortisone ointment, flucinonide ointment are used as topical anti-inflammatory.

Linden lotion, permethrin cream, crotamiton cream, malathion lotion are used as topical antiparasitic.

• Systemic medicine

Systemic medicine is also used in skin conditions.

Systemic medicine affects the whole body as well as the systems in the body.

Systemic medicines include corticosteroid, antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal, antiparasitic, antihistamine, analgesic, sedative and cytotoxic agents.

In which penicillin, erythromycin, and cephalosporin group medicines are used as antibiotics.

Acyclovir medicine is used as antiviral.

Terbinafine medicine is used as an antifungal.

Hydrocortisone and dexamethasone are used as corticosteroids.

Analgesics diclofenac and tramadol are used.

Cetirizine and pheneramine are used as antihistamines.

Foam dressing

Foam dressing is a moisture retentive dressing.

The outer layer of foam dressing is made of hydrophobic while the inner layer is made of hydrophilic.

A foam dressing absorbs exudate from the wound and provides a moist environment. So the dressing does not stick to the wound and can be removed easily.

Foam dressings are used in wounds with highly exudating surfaces and cavities.

Hydrogel dressing

A hydrogel dressing is a moisture retentive dressing.

Hydrogel dressings are highly water content. Which is made up of 90% water and hydrophilic polymers. which absorbs exudate and promotes granulation.

Hydrogel dressings contain a polyurethane film that protects against pathogens.

A hydrogel dressing provides a cooling and soothing effect to the skin. Hence hydrogel dressings are used for first and second degree burns and painful wounds.

Wound dressing

Wound dressing is a type of bandage. Which is used to cover the wound.

Wound dressings come in the form of gels, foams, gauzes, and patches.

Wound dressings are used to prevent infection and promote healing. Gauze dressing

We use gauze dressing more in our daily life.

Gauze dressings are mainly of two types: woven and non-woven

Woven gauze is made of natural cotton while non-woven gauze is made of synthetic fibers or rayon.

Gauze dressing is applied with some therapeutic agent. Iodine agent, zinc paste, hydrogel, chlorhexidine gluconate are used as therapeutic agents.

Gauze dressing is cost effective and available in different sizes

Transparent film dressing

Film dressing is a modern dressing product that is flexible, transparent and adhesive.

Transparent film dressings are used to protect IV sites, catheter sites, aid in wound healing, prevent skin breakdown, and protect surgical lesions

Hydrocolloid dressing

A hydrocolloid dressing is a moisture retentive dressing.

Hydrocolloid dressings are composed of gel forming agents sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and gelatin.

Hydrocolloid dressings are used in the treatment of mild exuding wounds, minor burns and bedsores.

Since this type of dressing is flexible, it is more useful in areas like elbows, hips and knees.

Plasmapharesis

Plasmapheresis is a process in which blood plasma is removed and exchanged from the body and returned to the body.

In this procedure, blood is taken out of the body and the plasma is separated from the blood through a plasma separator and the separated plasma is filtered and returned back to the body.

Plasmapheresis is used in the treatment of pemphigus vulgaris to remove antibodies.

Balenotherapy / Therapeutic bath

Balenotherapy is a therapeutic bath. By which skin diseases are treated.

Balenotherapy involves bathing in thermal mineral water from a spring.

As minerals it includes bicarbonates, sulfates, sulfides, chlorides, magnesium, and other metals.

This bath removes the crust, scalus, previously applied topical medicine from the skin and relieves inflammation and itching.

Balanotherapy is used in chronic inflammatory conditions like chronic plaque psoriasis, atopic dermatitis.

We can do this balanotherapy at home. In which some minerals and salts are dissolved in the water. In which sea salt or Epsom salt is used as salt.

Intralesional therapy

Intra means inside, lesional means lesion

In intralesional therapy, therapeutic substances are injected directly into the lesion or below the lesion.

The main purpose of intralesional therapy is to apply a high concentration of medicine at the lesion site to maximize its effect and minimize its systemic effect.

Corticosteroids and antifungal drugs are used as therapeutic agents. • For example triamcinolone acetodine

Intralesional therapy is used in the treatment of psoriasis, plantar warts, keloid and cystic acne.

write surgical management in skin :-

Incision & drainage

Incision and drainage are commonly used minor procedures.

Incision and drainage An incision is made in the affected area with a blade or scalpel and the secretions and pus are drained.

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia or general anesthesia.

An incision and drainage procedure is used to remove the abscess in the skin and soft tissue. Like carbuncle and furuncle.

Photo dynamic therapy

Photodynamic therapy is a form of phototherapy. In which light and photosensitizing chemicals are used.

In this therapy, photosensitizer drug is given to the patient. Absorbed by the target cell and a beam of light is directed at the absorbed cell and kills the target cell.

Photodynamic therapy is used in the treatment of psoriasis, herpes, and age-related macular degeneration, among others.

Ultraviolet light therapy

Ultraviolet light therapy is a type of light treatment. In which ultraviolet light is passed over the target area for some time.

Ultraviolet light therapy is used in the treatment of psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo and other skin problems.

Laser therapy

In laser therapy, abnormal and cancerous cells are destroyed and removed using a light beam through a laser device.

Apart from this, laser therapy is used in the treatment of hair loss, in pain management and to remove kidney stones.

Cryosugery:

Cryosurgery is also known as cryoablation.

Cryosurgery is a type of surgical procedure. In which abnormal tissue and tumor are destroyed using extremely cold temperature.

Liquid nitrogen and argon produce extremely cold temperatures and destroy abnormal tissue.

Cryosurgery is used to treat warts, seborrheic keratosis, and some types of cancer.

Electrodessication

Electrodesiccation is a fast and simple non-surgical procedure.

In which some specific lesions and superficial skin growths are destroyed and removed using electrical current through electrodes.

For example brown spots, seborrheic keratosis

Mohs micrographic surgery

Mohs micrographic surgery is used in the treatment of skin cancer.

In which the affected thin layer around the skin is removed, then the surrounding thin layer is removed and finally the cancerous layer is removed.

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