FON-2023

🟡Q-1 Madhuben is admitted in medical ward with hyper pyrexia, Answer the following

🔸a. Define Hyperpyrexia. 03

When the body temperature rises above 41C or 105,8 F it is called hyperpyrexia. This is a severe condition and a medical emergency because hyperpyrexia is associated with severe infection, CNS system disturbance, malignancy, and poor circulation. Hyperpyrexia major indicates a problem that requires emergency treatment.

🔸b. Write down the factors affecting body temperature. 04

1. Age

• A major factor affecting body temperature is age. For example, at birth, the thermoregulation system is immature. Thus, the newborn baby has a higher chance of hypothermia
• This thermoregulation system remains unstable until puberty.
• Elderly people also become sensitive to high temperatures due to decreased thermoregulatory control.
• Changes in body temperature in elderly individuals may be due to inadequate diet, decreased subcutaneous fat, decreased activity level, etc.

2. Environment

• Children and the elderly have less thermoregulatory control and are more sensitive to the environment, so the effect of the environment is reflected in body temperature.
• In exposure to the atmosphere, the thermoregulation center works a little less. If we go out in the cold without wearing warm clothes, the body temperature will drop.
• The humidity in the atmosphere also affects the body temperature

3. Exercise (Exercise) Metabolism rate increases due to exercise, so the production of heat takes place and body temperature increases. By doing a lot of running or exercise, the temperature reaches 41* c for some time.
4. Stress Physical and emotional stress leads to the production of epinephrine in the body which stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and increases the metabolism of the body which increases the production of hits.
5. Hormones play an important role in hormone temperature in females than in males. Progesterone in particular increases the body temperature in the blood circulation which is observed during ovulation.
6. Circidian cycle (circidian cycle) in 24 hours there is a change of 0.5 to 1* c in the body. Between 1 to 4 am is the lowest and 6 pm is the highest.
7. Smoking (Smoking) Smoking increases body temperature.

🔸c. Write down the nursing management of patient with fever. 05

To determine the objectives of the nursing management of a patient with a fever:-

• Increase hit loss
• Reduce heat production
• To prevent complications
• Maintaining a balance between hit production and hit loss

Nurse to make assessment for nursing management of patient with fever :-

• Taking the patient’s temperature and taking it every hour
• Assessing factors contributing to fever like dehydration, infection, environmental temperature etc
• Identify the physiological response of fever
• Take all vital signs
• Assessing skin color and temperature
• Assess the patient for excessive thirst or fatigue
• Assess for patient comfort
• Assess the patient for not feeling very cold or sweating

Interventions for the nursing management of a patient with a fever by the nurse:-

• Limit the patient’s activity to reduce heat production, as excessive activity and movement increase metabolic demand and oxygen demand, so ask the patient to rest.

• Provide dry bed linen and clothes to the patient along with providing total air and electrical fan to the patient to increase heat loss.

• Giving total (cold) drinks
• Applying an ice bag
• Cold sponging and giving cold packs
• Giving a cold sponge bath
• Use a hypothermic blanket
• Preventing chills with shivering
• Because it increases metabolic activity
• Anchoring (encouraging) the patient to maintain oral hygiene
• Give plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration
• Giving the patient complete bed rest
• Dress the patient in light clothes
• Replacing the fluid
• Give high calorie diet
• Giving food that is easily digested
• Administer more than 3000 mL of fluid per day
• Maintaining intake output chart
• Giving feet so that bowel activity can be improved
• Personal and mouth care and taking care of pressure points
• Daily sponge bath If the patient’s temperature does not drop then cold sponge
• Taking care of patient safety and security
• The patient should never be left alone and should be kept under constant observation as they may develop chills and convulsions at any time.
• Urine output should be monitored continuously
• Administering the medicine as prescribed by the doctor

🔸OR🔸

🔸A. Enlist common sites of decubitus ulcer. decubitus ulcer 03.

Back of the head-occipital region

• Bake
• hip
• buttx
• Ankle
• tail bone
• elbow joint
• Shoulder
• knee
• scapula
• Iliac crest
• Melioles
• Toe
• Ear
• Acromium process
• Greater trochanter

🔸b. Write down causes of decubitus ulcer. 04

Pressure In patients with chronic disease, sleeping in the same position, the weight of his whole body falls on the linen of his bed. That is, the pressure comes on the skin of the back, so that gradually the skin becomes thin in the place where the bone is prominent, as a result of which gradually bed sore occurs in this place. The possibility remains

In fiction friction, especially the friction of the patient’s back skin with the bed linen is important. In addition, when there are wrinkles anywhere in the bed linen, the education of these wrinkles in the back skin causes the skin to thin. All these things rub and cause friction in the skin of the back. Many patients may experience fissures due to the pressure on the back while the dressing is on or the abdomen is bandaged. Also, sometimes rough handling while giving the bed pan to the patient may cause injury to the part. and can result in bed sores

Moisture while performing the procedure on the patient, if the bed or linen is left damp, in addition, the bed is kept wet by the patient, for example, if the patient takes tea, breakfast and feeding in the bed, the bed remains wet and due to this moisture, the skin of the patient’s back is wet. Bedsores are likely to occur. Among the other causes of bedsores, many types of minor causes can be mentioned, but mainly pressure, friction and destruction are important. Other causes are known as follows.

Pre-disposing factor

• older age
• Overweight or obesity
• Prolonged illness
• Bed ridden patient
• In AD and
• Vic body structure

🔸C. Explain the role of nurse in prevention of decubitus ulcer. 05

Prevention of bedsores

Relieving pressure

• Using an aircushion or an earring
• Relieve pressure by applying a cotton ring to the front of the elbow hill
• Gentle handling while giving bed pan
• Tie a tight or loose bandage as needed
• Back care of serious patient every four hours and change of position every two hours
• Inform the doctor if the plastered patient feels pressure anywhere in the bone

Prevent muscle

• The patient’s clothing should be changed as soon as it becomes wet for any reason
• Bed linen should be changed as soon as it becomes wet
• Careful care should be taken during the nursing procedure using a draw seat making toss to prevent wetting of the nipples
• If the patient has excessive diarrhea, provide ventilation, provide a dry environment and change wet clothing.

Avoid friction

• Never use rough and broken bed pan

• While providing the bedpan, the patient should be raised and given in such a way as not to cause friction and the same care should be taken while taking it. The bed should always be kept clean and free of wrinkles. Use of water mattress as needed Regular back care Regular monitoring of body prominent parts of the body and gentle massage on pressure points with speed should be done To maintain the patient’s bed level, change bed sheets regularly and keep the bed regularly clean if there is food particles and garbage in the bed

🔸Q-2 a. Define nursing process and explain components of nursing process. 08

Definition of nursing process

Nursing process is an active approach to provide nursing need and solve the patient’s problem by systematically planning appropriate decision to take nursing care of the patient in which each step is sequentially inter-related and interdependent is called nursing process.

assessment

• Assessment means assessing the patient’s health problem and this is the first step in which

A. Nursing History Taking :-

• Obtaining a history of the patient’s illness and wellness Collecting data along with the history Adjustment Mutual trust, confidence, respect and relationship are established with the patient

B. Physical Examination :-

• Physical problems of the patient are known.Limitations of the patient are known
• From the patient’s health record through members of the patient’s relative health team

C. Nursing diagnosis

The data collected from the history examination and other sources are organized and summarized. From the summarized data, the specific characteristics and etiology of the patient’s health problem are known and then nursing diagnoses are determined accordingly.

Planning

• Prioritizing the most urgent and critical problems among the health problems we encounter after diagnosis
• Goals for nursing interventions are set for which the nurse and patient work together to determine short-term intermediate long-term intermediate goals.
• A nursing care plan is created as the goals are determined and the plan should be systematic, realistic and flexible. Next, to formulate a nursing care plan, prioritize the nursing diagnoses in it.
• The care plan should include the patient, family, friends and members of the health team

Implementation

• In order to put the nursing care plan into action i.e. to implement it, the ideas of the patient family friends and members of the health team should be coordinated.
• Ability limitations of team members should be considered
• Nursing interventions should be supervised
• Objectively record the patient’s response to nursing interventions
• The information we record should be related to the nursing diagnosis
• In the meantime, if any additional information is found, it should be included in the assessment as additional data

Evaluation

• The patient’s response to care should be noted
• We should see whether it is achieved as per the set goals
• The assessment should note the patient’s wellness

🔸b. Write down functions of hospital. 04

Patient care

Patient care All patients admitted to the hospital are cared for from admission to discharge, nursing care and other needs are met and in addition 24 hours emergency treatment is provided.

Prevention of Diseases

Prevention Is Better prevents the disease of the patient in collaboration with the doctor of the hospital. In order to prevent the disease, immunization is done for him in advance. In addition, cleaning and other operations necessary to prevent diseases in the hospital are done by the hospital.

Promotion of Health

To improve the health of the patients admitted to the hospital, disease related advice is also given by the hospital itself, health education is also given to the patient’s relatives to improve their health and any person associated with health in the hospital provides this type of health education. can

Investigation

In modern times, medical science has made huge progress in diagnosis and treatment. New investigations and tools have been invented for the diagnosis of each patient so that the disease can be diagnosed quickly. It is an important function of the hospital to start his necessary treatment

Rehabilitation

Every person admitted to a rehabilitation and occupational therapy hospital is someone who wants to recover and settle back into their society or occupation.

Medical Education

Medical Education All activities in a hospital include many types of education and are provided by doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, pharmacists and technicians, in addition to planning for medical education where required, planning in-service education for staff within the hospital as required. To train everyone and this kind of education is imparted according to new discoveries and new health programs etc.

Medical Research

Different patients are admitted in the medical research hospital, according to which many types of research can be done by knowing their problems. This work of research is as important as medical education. However, many branches of the hospital carry out many types of research and they should be known by everyone. New education can be gained by knowing the skills

Social Services

That is, the social services are taken into consideration by the hospital and the security is especially given to the patients, for this there is also a social welfare department where the social workers give proper advice to everyone. Fitness age certificate Handicap certificate forms etc. are provided along with injured patient certificate and deceased patient 10 certificate birth and post mortem report for body are also provided.

Administration of Institute

A hospital is a large organization and all its employees are managed by the administrative office of the hospital.Records about the service of each employee are to be kept.Records Hospitals keep many types of records including patient admission to discharge records, birth and death records, infectious disease records, and some other types of records. Statistical information is recorded and written records of this matter are regularly sent to necessary places so this operation is very essential for the hospital.

🔸OR🔸

🔸a. Explain the rights of drug administration. 08

Right patient

• Checking the name on the prescription paper as well as checking the name on the wrist band
• Ideally, use 2 or more identifiers and ask the patient to identify himself.

2. Right medication

• Check the drug name, brand names should be avoided.
• Check the expiry date.
• Check the prescription.
• Ensure that medications, especially antibiotics, are regularly reviewed.

3. Right dose

• Check the prescription.
• Correctly calculating the dose and following the correct guide lines

4. Right route

• Check the prescription again and check the appropriate route for the medicine
• Check whether the patient can take the medicine according to the route

5. Right time

• Check the frequency of medication prescribed to the patient
• Check if the medicine you are giving now is the right time
• Confirm when the medicine was last administered

6. Right patient education

• Check whether the patient understands the medication being given
• Inform the patient about the possible side effects of the given medicine

7 Right documentation

• Checking that the medication has been properly documented after it has been dispensed and determining whether the prescribed medication has been dispensed as intended

8 Right to Refuge (Right to refuse)

• Take patient’s consent before giving medicine
• Remember that the patient has the right to refuse the medication given to him

9 Right to assessment

• Determine if the patient really needed the medicine
• Check its contraindications
• and make necessary observations

10 Right to Evaluation

• Determine whether the medicine is working as intended Regular review of the medicine and follow-up as necessary.

🔸b. Explain the prevention of cross infection in hospital. 04 Explain how cross infection can be prevented in hospital

Prevention of cross infection in hospital

• Maintain general cleanliness in the hospital
• Provide good ventilation
• Mop hospital floors daily with antiseptic lotion
• Items used for the patient should be thoroughly washed
• Safe disposal of hospital waste
• Provide safe water supply
• Wear a glow and gown during the procedure
• Isolate a patient with an infectious disease
• Non-washable items should be kept under sunlight
• Disinfect the room after patient discharge
• Teach the client and relatives about the spread of infection and its prevention
• Reduce the number of visitors
• Give special care to people with low resistance (immunity).
• Use a mosquito net
• Add lime to excrement before disposal

🔸Q.3Write short answers of the following (Any Two) 2X6=12

🔸a. Write down about care of dead body. Write about the care of dead body.

It is very important to take care of dieg patient for which his -relative is sent out.
-Gently close the patient’s eyes and mouth.

• Lay the patient upright to straighten the arms and legs.
• To move extra pillows, air cooler, oxygen cylinder, suction machine from the bed, leave only one pillow under the head.

To remove catheters, drainage tubes, Rilas tubes, IV infusion tubes, etc. and to plug cotton in body openings so that body discharge and blood do not come out and infection does not spread.

To give a sponge bath and to dress neatly Ask the relative to give it or to remove it if there is jewelery Put an identification card on the wrist with the patient’s name Address Age Ward No. Bed No. Date and Time

The identification card is done when the patient is to be sent to the mortuary room, but if it is to be handed over to a relative, signature is taken in the case paper.

If you want to send to the mortuary room, take the signature of the room man and the policeman and put the buckle number in addition to this, fill the mortuary room slip or form and if there is a police case, inform the police to see if the death certificate has been filled or not. Filled in two copies.

Recording in death register Recording in case paper Reporting death or informing death authorized person.

To prevent the spread of infection in the community

The HIV virus is killed in half an hour by sodium hydrochloride solution for proper disinspection of the patient’s used medical instruments etc.

Handing over the dead body of the patient with dignity and respect so that infection does not spread in the ward

🔸b. Define record. Write down importance of records & reports. Write the definition of record.Write the importance of record and report.

A record is a permanent written communication that documents information related to a client’s health care management.

Or

A record is a clinical, scientific, administrative and legal document relating to nursing care provided to an individual family or community.

• 1.Good records avoid duplication of effort as work is done by a single person

• 2.Patients receive better care when reports are complete and provide all relevant data

• 3.A complete record gives a sense of security that comes from knowing all the factors of a situation.

• 4.Helps in efficient management of the ward.
• 5.Helps in legal matters, gets judicial protection
• 6.Helps in evaluation

7. Helps in research
8. To improve the quality
9. To facilitate the administrative process
10. To justify one’s work
11. To know the progress of patient and work
12. Very important for quality audit

🔸c. Write down golden rules of first aid.

1.It involves quickly assessing the situation for any immediate danger and methodically treating it without panic, prioritizing the most urgent situation/situation.

2. Perform resuscitation and general treatment if necessary if unconscious
3. Loosen all tight clothing or materials around the victim’s neck, waist, wrists, etc.
4. Stop bleeding. is
5. Relieve respiratory arrest or give artificial respiration.

. To give courage and reassurance to the patient if he is conscious,

4. Remove the patient from the dangerous situation
5. To relieve pain

.Maintaining body temperature

8. To replace the fluids drained from the body.
9. To make efforts to provide immediate medical relief etc If these points of first aid are kept in mind, the person who has been in an accident can do a lot for the person who has been injured.

🔸Q-4 Write short notes (Any Three) 3X4=12

🔸a. Qualities of nurse – Qualities of a nurse

Kindness A nurse should have a sense of service, should be kind and kind, should not be mean to anyone or anything.

A health nurse should be physically and mentally healthy and capable. How can a person who is sick himself serve others? Sometimes the nurse has to work even after the duty is over. Sometimes there are hundreds of patients at the same time when there is an accident or an outbreak of disease. He needs to be in good health when he has to work for more hours at such times

A cheerful nurse should always be cheerful and enthusiastic and should always be enthusiastic. Only a cheerful person can bring joy to others.

Character A nurse should also have good character. Good character also makes the profession holy

Regularity A nurse should be regular in his working hours because he has to treat the patients regularly and in a timely manner.

Seventh Factors A nurse should not only have tolerance and modesty, but also be kind and empathetic towards the patient.

A sympathetic nurse should be empathetic, that is, put yourself in the patient’s place and think about how you feel if you find yourself behaving well. The nurse should have the ability to treat the patient without hurting his feelings.

Self-Confidence A nurse should have the confidence to fully heal the patient.

Alertness Alertness A nurse should have alertness and agility Willingness to work quickly Good behavior of a nurse increases the patient’s confidence

The app should not discriminate against any kind of discrimination, it should treat the patient as a patient and not discriminate based on caste, religion or economic status.

Honesty Nurse should be honest There are many equipment articles medicine etc. in the ward it is the responsibility of the nurse if any item gets spoiled or broken by mistake it should be reported to the authority

Scientific knowledge Nurse should work with his knowledge in view of scientific principal, not only book knowledge but also experience should be employed and should be applied with scientific principal and nurse should also have ten intelligence.

Economical Nature A nurse should be frugal in nature and should be able to do any work in a saving of time and energy.

Self-Dependent Must be self-dependent and not dependent on others for patient care.

Curiosity Nurses should always be willing to learn new things so that they can increase their knowledge over time. Next Resource Resources Resources should be able to make full use of whatever resources are available to treat the patient.

🔸b. Purposes of enema – purposes of enema

• Evacuate enema to stimulate the defecation process and prevent constipation
• Oil enema to soften hard fecal matter
• An emollient enema to protect and repair the mucus membrane of the intestine.
• Anthelmintic enema to destroy intestinal parasites
• Carminative enema to remove gas
• Nutritive enema to provide food and nutrition
• Astringent enema for inflammation
• Purgative enema to induce peristalsis
• Stimulant enema to stimulate the person in shock and collapse
• Cold enema or ice enema to lower the temperature
• Barium enema for cleaning and diagnosis for x-ray study
• No anesthetic enema for anesthesia

🔸c.Biomedical waste management –

Biomedical waste which is generated during the diagnostic treatment or vaccination of human or animals or in the production or testing of biological sciences or in research activities is called biomedical waste.
Bio medical waste management ensures that all healthcare workers and the environment remain safe
Biomedical waste and segregation are required at the time of waste generation to prevent further spread of infection.
For disposal of bio medical waste, there should be arrangements for category separation, collection, packaging, storage, transportation and disposal.

Disposal of bio medical waste generated from hospitals

Yellow Bag

Infected items like tissue, human anatomical part, dressing etc. are put in this bag.

2. Red Bag

Plastic items like JK. V set, syringe, catheter etc. are put in this bag

3. Blue Bag

Glass items like vials, ampoules etc

4. White water proof container (water proof container)

In which sharp infected objects like needle, scalpel, are placed in this container.

🔸d. First aid in patient with shock — primary treatment of a patient with shock

• First find out the cause of the hobby then treat it before doing a primary survey like severe bleeding.
• Lay the person down, extend his legs, support him and keep him on a chair to improve blood supply to vital organs.
• If a blanket is available, give it to ward off the cold
• Call an ambulance for assistance immediately
• Loosen all tight clothing on the patient’s neck, chest and vest as it constricts blood vessels.
• Keep him warm in a coat or blackcat until he gets further help
  Remember that fear and pain increase the body’s demand for oxygen, so ask or reassure them to remain calm.
• If the patient is unresponsive, give first aid to the unconscious patient such as resuscitation.

🔸Q.5 Give the scientific reason (Any Six) 6 X2 = 12
🔸a Avoid bath soon after a heavy meal – Bathing immediately after a meal should be avoided.

Taking a bath after a meal reduces the body temperature so that digestion of food becomes difficult because there is a lot of blood flow in the stomach for food digestion, which is changed by taking a bath, so bathing immediately after a meal should be avoided.

🔸b. Bed should be made without wrinkles – Bed should be made without wrinkles

Wrinkles in the bed cause discomfort and restriction in circulation
And because of that bed can cause soreness, so you don’t get good sleep, the bed should be made without wrinkles

🔸c.Left lateral position is recommended for giving enema – It is recommended to sleep on the left side while giving enema.

The structure of the colon is such that the rectal tube can be easily inserted in the left lateral position and the injury is reduced.

🔸d. Oxygen is passed through water before administering to the client

Oxygen is very dry and can damage and irritate mucus membranes, so oxygen is passed through water to moisten it and then administered to the patient.

🔸e. Rubber mackintosh should not be kept folded –

If we fold the rubber macintosh it will become rough and many lines and fibers will be formed on it, the patient’s body fluid etc. cannot get out easily so the rubber macintosh should not be folded.

🔸f. Water should not be given immediately after giving cough syrup – Water should not be given immediately after giving cough syrup.

Cough syrup contains many contents that mix with the mucus membrane of the throat to act as a cough expectorant or loosening, forming a coating around the throat and giving its effect if water is drunk after the cough syrup. Water should not be given immediately after giving cough syrup because it does not come or may come less

🔸g.Rectal temperature is the most accurate temperature – The temperature taken from the rectal is the most accurate temperature.

Rectal temperature measures the body’s internal temperature, so the temperature is less likely to be influenced by external factors, thus increasing its accuracy.

🔸h. Soap is used for bath.

It is made up of salts of fatty acids. Soap is a good surfactant which affects and kills the proteins of micro-organisms from the body and it is emulsified and can be removed with running water.

🔸Q-6(A) Fill in the blanks. 05

1.H.S means_______ (hora somni-while sleeping at night)

2.The PH of blood is _ (7.35 to 7.45)

3.LAMA stands for___________ ” . (Leave against medical advice -leave against medical advise)

4.Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth is known as______
stomatitis.

5.1 ounce_________gram. (28 grams)

🔸(B) State weather following statements are True or False. 05 State whether the following statements are true or false.

1.Heat regulation center is Hypothalamus.

Right

2. Coughing up of blood is called Epistaxis.

wrong

3. Intrathecal injections are given into the spinal cavity.

Right

4. KMNO4 is a powerful disinfectant and deodorizing agent.

Right

5.Kneechest position is also called genupectoral position.

Right

💥☺☺☺ALL THE BEST ☺☺☺💥💪

નોંધ :-MCQ ANSWER APP ની યુનિક પેટર્ન માં બંને ભાષા માં આગળ paper solution /click here ની નીચે આપેલા છે. ” અ ” પર ક્લિક કરવાથી ભાષા ચેન્જ થશે.

IF ANY QUERY OR QUESTION,REVIEW-KINDLY WATSAPP US No. – 84859 76407