F.Y.GNM-GNC-COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-I-2023-COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING-I

Date:- 14/10/2023

Q-1

🌟 a) Write down objectives of home visiting -03

Answer :-

1. Health Assessment: Assessing the health status of household members and their health related needs.

• Being informed about the medical condition of every member of the household.

1. To provide primary health services: To provide primary health services necessary for urgent and general health problems.

• To provide guidance for primary treatment and control of diseases.

1. Health Education and Awareness: Spreading information and awareness about health and hygiene.

• To raise awareness about health improvement measures, vaccination, and nutrition.

1. Vaccines against diseases: Ensuring necessary vaccines for children and vulnerable people.

• Paying attention to timely vaccine and follow-up.

1. Engagement with family members: Having health related discussions and orientation with family members.

• Involving and encouraging family members to improve health.

1. Investigation of Child Growth and Development: Monitoring the development of children and newborn infants.

• To monitor the physical and mental development of the inft.

1. Prepared for Unexpected Situations: Preparing families to deal with situations that may occur during the season.

• Measures for health and safety in the household.

1. Connection to Essential Services: Connecting needy people to essential health services.

• Ensuring consultation with health centers, clinics, and specialists.

1. FOLLOW-UP VISITS: Making follow-up visits for pre-diagnosis and treatment.

• Monitor the improvement of the patient’s health.

1. Guidelines for improvement of health: To give proper guidelines and advice for improvement of health.

• Solving health problems and building good habits.

These objectives underpin the importance and effectiveness of home visits, which help advance health care in our society.

🌟 B) Write down national immunization schedule for 1 year child .04

🌟 c) Write the factors affecting on health. State the factors affecting health. 05

1. Lifestyle

• Diet: Health problems such as nutritional deficiencies and obesity due to not consuming a satisfactory and nutritious diet.
• Exercise: Heart diseases, obesity and other diseases due to lack of regular exercise.
• Tobacco and Alcohol: Excess of smoking and alcohol is harmful to the environment.
• Substance Abuse: Use of narcotic substances has a serious impact on health.

2. Diet and Nutrition

• Nutrients: Adequate amounts of vitamins, proteins, and minerals are essential for health.
• Malnutrition and Overnutrition (Malnutrition and Overnutrition):* Deficiency or excess of nutrition both harm health.

3. Environment

• Air and Water Pollution: Polluted air and water causes various diseases.
• Housing and Sanitation: Dirt and improper housing conditions adversely affect health.

4. Economic Factors

• Economic Status: Poverty and economic difficulties are barriers to health services and nutrition.
• Employment and Occupation: Type of job and work environment influence health.

5. Society and Culture

• Education: Lack of education is a barrier to health awareness and utilization of health services.
• Family and Social Support: Strong family and social support improves mental health and well-being.

6. Genetics

• * Genetic Disorders:* Diseases running in the family, such as diabetes, heart diseases, and other genetic factors affect health. OR

🌟 A) Objectives of family health nursing care – 03

1. *Promoting the health of the family

• Providing vigilance and education to improve the collective and individual health of each member of the family.

1. Reduce Health Hazards

• Use of appropriate guidance and community based services for prevention of diseases and promotion of health.

1. *Timely treatment and referral

• To ensure availability of medicine and treatment as required and arrange for timely treatment.

1. Health Education and Awareness Raising

• To sensitize family members on health related issues and help develop appropriate health practices.

1. *Ensuring proper utilization of health services

• Inform the family about available health services and resources and use them appropriately.

1. * Take care of mental and social health

• Providing guidance and support for the mental health and social well-being of family members.

1. Improve the quality of health

• Improving the quality of health services by implementing home-based health care and community health programs.

1. *Improvement in Immunity Power and Health Services

• Planning and implementation of vaccine programs and other preventive measures for protection against diseases.

🌟 b) Write the health assessment of postnatal mother. –

Postnatal Mother Assessment is important for maintaining the mother’s health and well-being. It is necessary to support the mother physically, mentally and socially. Here is a detailed assessment of the postnatal mother:

1. Physical Assessment

(a) Vital Signs

• Blood Pressure: To check whether the blood pressure is normal.
• Pulse: Check the speed and rhythm of the pulse.
• Temperature: To check if body temperature is normal.
• * Respiration (Respiration):* Check the speed and ease of breathing.

(b) Breast and Lactation

• Assessment of the breast: Check the shape, size, and whether there is any pain of the breast.
• Lactation: Monitoring of adequate supply of milk and whether the mother is able to feed the babies.

(c) Abdomen and Digestion

• Stomach Assessment: Check the shape of the stomach and whether there is any pain or swelling.
• * Urination and Urination:* Urinating normally and checking if there is any difficulty.

(d) Uterus

• Shrinkage of the uterus: To check the size and state of contraction of the uterus.
• Lochia: Check the color, smell, and amount of lochia.

(e) Perineum

• Perineum (Perineal Area): Check if there is any pain, swelling or ulceration in the perineal area.

2. Mental Assessment (Psychological Assessment)

• Mood and Emotions: Assessment of mother’s emotional state, stress, and mood.
• Social Support: Assessment of the support received by the mother from family and friends.
• Enthusiasm in motherhood: Mother’s connection with child and experience of motherhood.

3. Infant Assessment

• Health of the infant: Check weight, height, temperature, and immunity capacity of the infant.
• Milk Drinking and Nutrition: Infant’s milk drinking ability and nutrition level.

4. Education and Guidance

• Health Awareness: Information and guidance for health improvement.
• Daily Advice: Advice on nutrition, relaxation and fitness.
• Mild Exercise: Guidance for mild exercise.

5. Follow-up

• Regular check-up: Indexed check on mother’s condition.
• Next Visits: Plan next visits for health improvement.

6. Medicines and Treatment

• Essential Medicines: Prescribed medicines and their regular use.
• Treatment: Appropriate treatment for any physical or mental problems.

Postnatal assessment of the mother should be regular and thorough to ensure the mother’s health and well-being.

7. Health Services (Healthcare Services)

• Availability of Services: Availability and quality of health services are important in health improvement.
• Immunization Programs: Vaccines and prevention programs are essential for health protection.

8. Mental Factors

• Stress and Anxiety: Increased stress and anxiety harm physical and mental health.
• Mental Stability: Taking care of mental health is important in improving health.

🌟 c) Describe family as a unit of health. – Explain that family is a health unit.05

The family is the unit when practicing health care in the community

Community health nursing practices depend on the type of family that can be identified by family members or family needs. This depends on how the family is represented as a unit in community health nursing services.

For any family, maintaining the standard of health or well-being of the family depends on the capacity of the family.

Health depends on the interplay between many outside and inside factors that will have a beneficial or detrimental effect on the family. Its full effect can be considered in terms of positive and negative attitudes over a period of time. Apart from this many issues are as follows.

(1) Family is a natural and basic unit of society.

(2) Corrects problems arising between family members and resolves them together.

(3) Family health problems are interrelated.

(4) Family cooperates in times of crisis.

(5) Family has limitations for health decisions and personal care.

(6) The family is an effective and available channel for many genuine community health nursing efforts.

🌟 Q-2 a) Explain epidemiology triad. .08

The epidemiological triad or epidemiological triangle is a traditional model for explaining how infectious diseases occur and are transmitted in the community.

These three factors are responsible for the occurrence of disease, agent, host and environment, if there is absence of any one of them, the disease does not occur. Therefore, this model is used for the emergence and treatment of diseases.

The Epidemiological Triad is the basic model for understanding the prevalence of communicable diseases. The trio is composed of three main components: the agent, the host, and the environment.

1. Agent:

• Agent is the substance that causes the disease process (infection or noninfection). These include bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi etc.
• Example: Hepatitis B virus is the agent that causes hepatitis B disease.

1. Host:

• A host is a person or organism that is susceptible to an agent of a communicable disease. Congenital or acquired characteristics of the host, such as age, sex, immunity power, and genetics, can affect the effectiveness of the agent.
• Example: A person whose immune power is low may be more susceptible to fungal infections.

1. Environment:

• Environment is the set of external factors that influence transmission between host and agent. These include physical, biological, social and economic factors.
• Example: Dirty environment and lack of water are environmental factors that can facilitate the spread of cholera.

Epidemiological Triod:

agent

/ \

/   \

/     \

Host — Environment

Example: Malaria

• Agent: Plasmodium parasite
• Host: Human
• Environment: Water logged areas (with high mosquito population)

Importance:

The epidemiological triad is important for the prevention and control of communicable diseases. Based on this model, various practical measures are taken for the prevention of communicable diseases, such as:

• Use of medicine to destroy the agent.
• Vaccines to increase the immune power of the host.
• Organic disposal and water management to keep the environment clean.

This model helps healthcare professionals to effectively understand and control the spread of communicable diseases.

Noise control is the measures taken to protect people from its harmful effects by reducing unwanted noise. This includes various techniques and methods, which can be applied in workplaces, residential areas and public spaces.

🌟 b) Write down about noise control. .04

Noise control is the measures taken to protect people from its harmful effects by reducing unwanted noise. This includes various techniques and methods, which can be applied in workplaces, residential areas and public spaces.

Key Measures of Noise Control:

1. * Source Control (Control at the Source):

• Control of tools and equipment: like proper maintenance of machines, periodic use of oil and grease.
• Hours and relative noise: Use of low noise equipment and machines.
• Noise Suppressors: Use of noise suppressors or silencers to reduce noise.

1. *Control of Factors (Control in the Path):

• Barriers and obstructions: Use of sound absorbing barriers (such as walls, curtains) to block noise.
• Intrinsic design changes: Special attention should be paid to noise reduction in the design of buildings.
• Area Planning: Proper segregation of industries and residential areas.

1. *Control at the Host (Control at the Receiver):

• Ear Protection Devices: Use of ear plugs and earmuffs.
• Awareness and Training: Increase awareness among workers and residents about noise hazards and their prevention.
• Regular Health Check: Regular examination of ears of workers at workplace.

Implementation Methods of Noise Control:

1. Noise Measurement and Monitoring:

• Measuring the noise level to check whether it is within proper limits or not.
• Use of noise monitoring devices.

1. Noise Policies and Regulation:

• Strict rules are made by the government and local bodies for noise control.
• Rules and guidelines for noise control at industrial level.

3. Building and Building Design:

• Applications of noise mechanisms in architectural design.
• Use of sound absorbing materials (such as carated panels).

3. Use of Technology for Noise Control:

• Advanced technology, such as Active Noise Cancellation (ANC) devices. OR

🌟 a) Explain the disease cycle. Explain about disease cycle.08

A disease cycle is a process in which a disease enters and affects a host and can eventually potentially spread to other hosts. There are different stages of the disease cycle which help in understanding the spread and control of a disease.

1. Source of Infection

• Original Source: Diseases start from a living or non-living source. This source can be a bacteria, virus, fungus or parasite.
• Example: Water for Cholera, Mosquitoes for Malaria.

2. Path of Transmission/Disease Transmission

• Theory: How diseases spread from one host to another.
• Section: This source is:
• Direct Contact: Personal contact, like holding hands.
• * In direct contact (Indirect Contact): * Items that distribute the poison, such as infected food or water.
• Vector-borne: from organisms like mosquitoes, ticks.

3. Host Entry/portal of entry

• Routes of Entry: Diseases enter the host’s body.
• Respiratory Tract: Through breathing.
• Gastrointestinal Tract: Through food or water.
• Skin: by corner or cut.

4. Host Response

• Immune Response: Host’s response to communicable diseases.
• Resistance: Ability to fight against diseases.
• Sensitivity (Susceptibility): Possibility of being affected by communicable diseases.

5. Spread

• *Primary Host: Diseases spread to the main host.
• Secondary Host: Diseases spread to other hosts.

6. Reproduction

• Multiplication: The microorganism of the disease multiplies and increases in number in the body of the host.
• Spread: Microorganisms causing new diseases are activated to spread to other hosts.

7. Exit-portal of exit

• Routes of excretion: Epidemic leaves the body of the host.
• Swedan (Sweat): From perspiration.
• Urination (Excretion): Through urination.
• Other ways: cuffing, breathing, etc.

Example: Malaria

1. Source of infection: Malaria parasites (Plasmodium).
2. Route of infection: By mosquito.
3. Host Entry: Entry into mosquito bites.
4. Host response: Physical response.
5. Proliferation: Multiplication of parasite in blood cells.
6. Recurrence: Spread of communicable diseases by more mosquitoes.
7. Discharge: Re-transmission of communicable diseases through mosquito bites.

Significance of Disease Cycle:

Understanding the disease cycle helps in developing strategies for control and prevention of communicable diseases. This includes appropriate source control, preventive measures and appropriate treatment.

🌟 b) Write down disadvantages of hardness of water. 04

Hard water is water that contains high amounts of minerals, especially calcium and magnesium. There are some problems and disadvantages associated with the use of hard water.

1. Effects on Household Appliances

• Scale Deposits: Calcium and magnesium molecules in hard water are deposited in the form of scale (a clear layer) during boiling or heating, which reduces the efficiency of appliances such as water heaters, washing machines, and dishwashers and shortens their life. reduces
• Maintenance Costs: Repair and maintenance costs of equipment increase due to scale deposits.

2. Difficulties in Daily Chores

• Effect of soaps and detergents: Soaps and detergents do not foam well in hard water, making cleaning difficult.
• Washing clothes: Using hard water can cause brown streaks in clothes while washing clothes and reduces the softness of clothes.

3. Effects on Skin and Hair

• Skin problems: Hard water is bad for the skin, as it dries the skin and causes skin problems like allergies or itching.
• Hair problems: Hard water makes hair dry and itchy, causing hair breakage and discoloration.

4. Effects on Pipelines and Plumbing

• Pipeline Blockage: Scale deposits of hard water can build up in pipelines and flowrates to create blockages, which impede the flow of water.
• Pipeline Corrosion: Hard water can cause corrosion in pipelines, increasing leakage and the need for repairs.

5. Efficiency of Water-Based Systems

• Geysers and Boilers: Hard water scale deposits build up in geysers and boilers reducing their heating efficiency.
• Water Heaters: Scale deposits from hard water in water heaters consume more energy and reduce the efficiency of the water heater.

6. Industrial Use

• Manufacturing process: The usefulness of hard water in industries decreases, as scale deposits can obstruct the manufacturing process.
• Machinery Maintenance: The use of hard water generates high maintenance and repair costs in industrial machinery.

7. Quality of Drinking Water

• Taste: Water tastes bitter due to high mineral content in hard water.
• Effects on health: Long-term consumption of hard water can be harmful to health, especially increasing the risk of problems like kidney stones.

Because of these disadvantages of hard water, soft water, for which water softening devices are used, is considered preferable.

🌟 Q-3 Write short answer (any two) 6×2-12

🌟 a) Discuss about verbal & nonverbal communication. Explain about verbal and nonverbal communication.

Both verbal and non-verbal communication are important methods of communication, which are used to exchange information between individuals.

Verbal Communication

Verbal communication means communication through words. It uses spoken language. Here the methods and features of verbal communication are discussed:

Features:

1. Language:

• Language is the main tool.
• Use of languages ​​such as Gujarati, Hindi, English etc.

1. Speaking:

• Person’s speech and pronunciation.
• Use of simple and clear language.

1. Words:

• Choosing the right words.
• Clarity and realism in communication.

1. Tone:

• Voice tone and volume.
• Help to express emotion.

Method:

1. Discussion:

• Discussion among colleagues.
• Exchange of issues and ideas.

1. Competence (Presentations):

• Giving information in presentations.
• Help to convince the audience.

1. Meetings:

• Discussion and decision making in meetings.
• Easy and effective communication.

Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication does not require words, but uses body language, facial expressions, thoughts and physical actions.

Features:

1. Body Language:

• Hand gestures, mouth expressions.
• Physical condition and balance.

1. Facial Expressions:

• smile, frown, surprise.
• Help in expressing emotions.

1. Eye Contact:

• Communication through eye contact.
• A sign of trust and attention.

1. Gestures:

• Hand and finger gestures.
• Giving hints and opinions.

1. Paralanguage:

• Tone of voice, speaking high or low.
• An indication of spirit and mood.

Method:

1. Physical Gestures:

• Communication through signs.
• Expressing feelings and emotions.

1. Facial Expressions:

• Communication through word of mouth.
• Joy, Sadness, Anger etc.

1. Posture:

• Physical condition and statistics.
• A sign of sobriety and confidence.

1. Touch:

• Shaking hands, kissing.
• Expressing feelings and affection.

Importance of Verbal and Non Verbal Communication:

• Effective Communication:
• Coordination of both verbal and non-verbal communication is essential.
• Good communication skills.
• Trust and Relationship:
• Communication capable of building trust.
• Good social and professional relationship.

Both verbal and non-verbal modes of communication are essential for proper and effective exchange of information between individuals.

🌟 b) Describe the methods of cooking.

Following are the different methods used to cook food.

(1) Boiling

(2)Steaming

(3) Fraying

(4) Rousting

(5) Baking

(6). Grilling

(1) Boiling:-

Water is heated to 100* C. Grades are boiled and food is cooked in it. Dal, rice, vegetables, pulses, tubers and other vegetables are prepared by this method.

As water is used more in this method, vitamins and salts are destroyed. So enough water is used in the boiling method.

(2)Steaming:-

In this, food is cooked with hot steam. A pressure cooker works on this principle. It has more steam than a pressure cooker. It retains all the nutrients. This saves time and fuel. So this method is excellent.

(3) Faying (Palate) :-

Inside this, thepla, dosa, all kinds of pudla, are made by drying oil. Similarly, puri, bhajiya, vada, kachori etc. can also be fried in oil.

(4) Rousting

It is made by adding some oil or ghee. After that it is placed on direct heat. Chicken is prepared by this method. This method is also good.

(5) Baking

In this food is cooked by dry hit. An oven is used to cook food through its hot air. This method is good. Biscuits, breads and cakes are made in it.

(6) Grilling

In this, dry heat is used to cook food by heating it on a metal grate.

🌟 c) Write the sources of refusal. State the sources of refuse.

Sources of Refuse are the waste generated in various circumstances and places. Here are some major places and factors from where waste is generated:

1. Residential Sources

• Kitchen waste: Vegetables, fruits, grains and other food wastes.
• Packaging waste: Plastic, glass, paper, and metal cans.
• Living waste: Old clothes, paper, furniture, and household appliances.

2. Industrial Sources

• Production Residues: Waste materials, chemicals and factory residues generated in industries.
• Packaging and storage waste: Plastic, cardboard, pallets and other packaging materials.

3. Business and Commerce (Commercial Sources)

• Shops and Stores: Waste of fruits, vegetables, packaging materials and other food and non-food items.
• Office and Works: Paper, electronic waste, plastic and other office products.

4. Agriculture (Agricultural Sources)

• Crops and Crops: Crop residues, vegetable residues, and livestock wastes.
• Agrichemicals: Empty containers and packaging materials of agricultural chemicals and fertilizers.

5. Construction and Demolition

• Building and road construction: Brick, cement, steel, glass and other construction materials.
• Destroyed Buildings: Destroyed contents of old buildings.

6. Health Care Facilities

• Hospital and Clinic: Biological waste, vegetable waste, electronic and radiation waste.
• Medical devices: Surgical gloves, syringes, and other medical waste.

7. Public and Community Places

• Gardens and Parks: Tree and plant leaves, trash cans.
• Public Places: Garbage lying on sidewalks, roads, and other public places.

Cleanliness and cleanliness of the environment can be maintained by identifying the various sources of waste and managing them properly.

Q-4 Write short notes. . (Any three)-12

🌟 a) Bio medical waste

Biomedical waste is the term for waste generated by health care organizations, which may be potentially infected, toxic or hazardous. Proper storage and disposal of this type of waste is very important, as it can pose a serious threat to human health and the environment.

Types of Bio Medical Waste

1. Infected waste: generated from surgery, injection, or laboratory procedures, such as unused bed-sheets, bandages, cotton swabs, and .
2. Sharps Waste: Like needles, blades, and other sharp devices, which can enter the body and spread infection.
3. Chemical Waste: Chemicals and drugs, such as emissions from chemical laboratories, unused drugs, disinfectants, and chemical non-disinfectants produced by industries.
4. Pharmaceutical waste: Unused, expired and inactive medicines.
5. BIO-LOGICAL WASTE: Human Anatomical Parts, Tissues, Specimens, Blood, Body Fluids, and Placenta.
6. Radioactive Waste: Waste associated with radioactive isotopes, used for diagnostic procedures and treatment.

Disposal of bio medical waste generated from hospitals

Yellow Bag

Infected items like tissue, human anatomical part, dressing etc. are put in this bag.

2. Red Bag (

Plastic items like JK. V sets, syringes, catheters etc. are put in this bag

3. Blue Bag (

Glass items like vials, ampoules etc

4. White water proof container

In which sharp infected objects like needle, scalpel, are placed in this container.

🌟 b) Water born disease

Waterborne diseases are diseases that are spread through polluted water. These diseases are mostly spread through water bodies, drinking water, and bacteria or viruses in food.

1. Diarrhea

• Symptoms: Abdominal pain, watery discharge, vomiting.
• Cause: Bacteria (E. coli), Virus (Norovirus), Parasite (Giardia).
• Prevention: Clean drinking water, Hand washing, Sanitation improvement.

2. Cholera

• Symptoms: Frequent watery diarrhea, vomiting, physical weakness.
• Cause: Vibrio cholera bacteria.
• Prevention: Clean drinking water, healthy food, vaccination.

3. Typhoid

• Symptoms: High temperature, headache, abdominal pain.
• Cause: Salmonella typhi bacteria.
• Prevention: Clean drinking water, hand washing, vaccination.

4. Hepatitis A

• Symptoms: Fever, Vomiting, Yellowness of eyes and skin.
• Cause: Hepatitis A virus.
• Prevention: Clean water, Immunization, Vaccination.

5. Malaria

• Symptoms: Fever, chills, chills, sweating, headache.
• Cause: Plasmodium parasite (transmitted by mosquitoes).
• Prevention: Use of mosquito nets, mosquito repellent medicine, removal of water accumulation sites.

6. Dengue

• Symptoms: Fever, headache, fever, muscle and joint pain.
• Cause: Dengue virus (transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes).
• Prevention: Use of mosquito nets, mosquito repellent medicine, removal of water accumulation sites.

7. Shigellosis (Shigellosis)

• Symptoms: Diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain, iron-rich stools.
• Cause: Shigella bacteria.
• Prevention: Clean drinking water, healthy food, sanitation reform.

8. Amoebiasis

• Symptoms: Abdominal pain, Diarrhea, Vomiting.
• Cause: Entamoeba histolytica parasite.
• Prevention: Clean drinking water, hand washing, healthy food.

9. Giardiasis

• Symptoms: Diarrhea, abdominal pain, gas.
• Cause: Giardia lamblia parasite.
• Prevention: Clean drinking water, hand washing, healthy food.

10. Leptospirosis

• Symptoms: Fever, headache, muscle pain, eye redness.
• Cause: Leptospira bacteria.
• Prevention: clean water, avoid infected water, hand washing.

Prevention and Control

1. Clean Drinking Water: Filtration and Boiling.
2. Improved Sanitation: Proper arrangement of toilets.
3. Hand Washing: After toilet and before eating.
4. General Hygiene Practices: Cover food, prevent mosquitoes.

🌟 C) Advantages of breast feeding

Breastfeeding has many benefits for both mother and baby. Here are some key benefits of mother’s milk in Gujarati:

Advantages for the Baby

1. Nutrition:

• Mother’s milk is perfectly balanced and provides all the nutrients required for the baby’s growth.
• The first milk called colostrum contains high amount of proteins, vitamins and antibodies.

1. Immunity Power (Immunity):

• Mother’s milk provides antibodies and immunity components, thereby protecting against diseases and infections.
• Elements like immunoglobulins and leukocytes provide protection against bacteria and viruses.

1. Digestion:*

• Mother’s milk is easily digested and is therefore excellent for the baby.
• Reduces gas, constipation and other stomach problems.

1. For development of information:

• Mother’s milk is important for brain development and increasing IQ.
• It is essential for proper development of eyes and nervous system.

1. Physical Thorn Diseases (Chronic Conditions):

• Reduces the risk of diseases like diabetes, asthma, and allergies.
• Reduces the risk of heart disease and other long-term diseases.

Advantages for the Mother

1. Immediate Benefits:

• Breastfeeding stimulates the hormone oxytocin in the body, which stimulates uterine contractions and helps the uterus to ripen.
• Body recovers faster after delivery.

1. Economic Benefits:

• Mother’s milk is free and does not require any cost.
• Cost savings on infatuation.

3. Satisfaction and Bonding:

• A special bond and love relationship is formed between mother and child.
• This relationship is important for the emotional development of the inft.

3. Health Benefits:

• Reduces the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
• Helps in strengthening bones and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.

3. Calorie Burn:

• Breastfeeding helps the mother burn about 500 calories per day, which can help with post-pregnancy weight loss.

Social and Environmental Benefits

1. Environmental Benefits:

• No environmental pollution from packaging and transport of bottle and formula milk.
• It is a natural and environmentally friendly choice.

1. Improved Public Health:

• In general, breastfeeding reduces the rate of child morbidity, thereby reducing the burden on health services.
• Reduces the impact of epidemics and infectious diseases.

🌟 d) Importance of vital statistics

Vital statistics are a collection of data on a population based on various life events, such as births, deaths, marriages, widowhood and other demographic events. The importance of living numbers in Gujarati can be explained as follows:

1. Population and Health Planning

• Personal and Social Health Policies:
• Health policies can be made by statistics of birth rate, death rate and communicable diseases.
• Help strategize health services by studying the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.

2. Government Policies and Planning

• Government Planning:
• Live statistics can provide important information to the government for making policies and plans.
• Assist in the delivery of policies and budgets based on key priorities.

3. Assessment of Health Services (Evaluation of Health Services)

• Assessment and Improvement:
• Assist in assessment of efficiency and effectiveness of health services.
• Changes can be made based on demands to improve health services.

4. Population and Welfare

• Birth and Death Statistics:
• Formulation of norms of population growth and decline.
• Help in understanding the economic and social well-being of the community.

5. Education and Research

• Academic Research:
• Important statistics for academic research.
• Basic information for research on various problems and changes of society.

6. Epidemic and Disease Control

• Monitoring Communicable Diseases:
• Monitoring spread and intensity of communicable diseases.
• Appropriate management and control strategies for control of communicable diseases.

7. Development and Social Improvement

• Development Programme:
• Help in creating development programs for various sections and sectors of the society.
• Reform processes to improve social well-being.

8. Influence of Major Indicators

• Main Akra:
• Population growth rates, infant mortality rates, and life give how the health and well-being of society is changing.

9. Retirement and Insurance Plans

• Life Insurance:
• Use of accruals for life insurance and retirement plans.
• Basis for people’s life expectancy and other economic planning.

10. International Cooperation

• World Health Organization (WHO):
• Basic information for international health organizations.
• A study of global health status and growth.

Q-5 Define following (Any six) 12

🌟 a) Primary health care

ANSWER:-

Primary health care is the essential health care that can be provided practically and scientifically everywhere by accepted methods and technology with the full cooperation of the individual, family and society.

🌟 b) Family planning –

Family planning is the process by which a family determines the number of children or spacing between two children, using a variety of contraceptive methods and fertility treatments. For this, it uses various educational, social and medical services whose main purpose is to determine the number of children the couple wants to have so that they can maintain their desired family size, apart from sexual health education and reproductive and child health. The services of are promoted

🌟 c) Community –

A community is a society in which many groups of people live in a specific geographical area and provide for their basic needs. Such a group consists of women, men, youth, children etc. and they have different attitudes, different beliefs and religions, such a group is called a community.

or

A community can be described as a group of persons who interact socially because of shared goals and interests (McEwen & Nies, 2019).

A community can be described as a group of individuals who interact socially because of shared goals and interests (McEwen & Nies, 2019).

🌟 d) Family –

Family means a group that is personally biologically related and lives together and eats in a common kitchen is called family.

• Family means a mature group of people living together and bound by marriage, sharing information with each other, having inter communication with each other is called family.

🌟 e) Isolation –

Isolation is the practice of keeping an infected person who has contracted a contagious disease away from a healthy person in a variety of settings such as home isolation, hospital isolation areas, etc. or where such patients are kept whose main objective is to control communicable diseases. Protect the vulnerable population and take necessary steps against infection

🌟 f) Pandemic –

When an infectious disease spreads all over the world, that disease is said to be pandemic.Eg. Covid-19

or

Pandemic means any disease that spreads from one state to another state and from one country to another country and is seen all over the world is called a pandemic.

🌟 g) Infant mortality rate –

“Infant mortality rate is the number of deaths of children under one year of age per 1,000 live births in the same year.”

I.M.R = Birth to Infant Death in the same year / Total Live Births in the same year x1000

🌟 h) Immunity –

Immunity is defined as the ability of the body to recognize, destroy and eliminate antigenic material (bacteria, virus, proteins) foreign to its own.

Immunity

Immunity is the ability of the host to identify, destroy and remove antigenic material – bacteria, viruses, proteins – coming into the body from outside.

Protection against infectious disease is an effective result of immune response. It is a reaction against a completely foreign antigen.

Q-6(A) Fill in the blanks.05

🌟 a) Vitamin B6 is known as ……. Another name for Vitamin B is……..

Answer:- Pyridoxine

🌟 b) Xerophthalmia is caused by the deficiency of …………. Xerophthalmia is caused by a deficiency of…………….

Answer:- vitamin-A

🌟 c) ……………bacteria works in septic tank. In a septic tank………bacteria work.

Answer:-anaerobic bacteria

🌟 d) WHO day is celebrated on……….
WHO Day is celebrated on _……day.

Answer:- 7th April (7th April every year)

🌟 e) Nurses day celebrated on……….
Nurses Day is celebrated on……….

Answer:- 12th May (every year 12th May)

🌟 B) Match the following – Jodka Jodka.05

A B

a) Vitamin B1 a) 9 Months

b) Malaria b) Tamiflu

c) Measles c) Paramyxo virus

d) Mumps d) Primaquine

e) Swine flu e) Thiamine

f) Ebola virus

Answer:-

a) Vitamin B1 → e) Thiamine

b) Malaria → d) Primaquine

c) Measles → a) 9 Months

d) Mumps → c) Paramyxo virus

e) Swine flu → b) Tamiflu

f) Ebola virus →

🌟(C) Write down the full name- full name lakhs.05

Answer:-

a) Av Aid → Audio visual aid

b) RCH → Reproductive & Child Health

c) D.D.T → dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane

d) NSSK → Newborn Safety Programme

e) P.E.M → Protein Energy Mal Nutrition

💪 💥☺☺☺ALL THE BEST ☺☺☺💥💪