EXPLAIN THE ASSESSMENT OF ENDOCRINE DISORDER
EXPLAIN THE HISTORY COLLECTION OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE
While doing history collection, taking full history of the patient or gathering information about the present condition of the patient and whether he has any previous medical history or not.
The History Collection mainly includes the following items.
Biographical data,
chief complaint,
Present medical history,
Past medical history,
family history,
Any time if hospitalization,
psychological history,
Assessment about the non specific symptoms and specific symptoms.
Common non-specific symptoms are
Fatigue,
General appearance change.
Changes in the condition of skin and hair.
Mood change.
Changes in weight.
Disturbance in sleeping pattern.
Energy depletion.
some specific symptoms of endocrine disease
1) Change in mental status:= When the patient has any endocrine disorder, the patient says that he gets nervous, changes in his mood, gets confused, gets depressed, and if If the diseases like diabetes mellitus etc. remain uncontrolled, the person may also go into coma.
2) Vital Sign: = Body temperature and pulse increases in the condition of hyperthyroidism.
A classic sign of diabetic ketoacidosis is deep rapid breathing.
If there is a tumor on the adrenal gland, the level of epinephrine in the body increases and it creates hypertension.
If antidiuretic hormone is insufficiently secreted in the body, it creates a condition of dehydration in the body, but if antidiuretic hormone is secreted in excess, it works to cause fluid retention.
3) Palpitation: Heart rate increases in the condition of hypothyroidism and pheochromocytoma.
4) Adrenocortical Hyper function (adrenocortical hyper function):= This is mainly seen in front face, thin extremity and obesity.
5) Change in physical structure (changes in physical appearance): = In the condition of acromegaly, changes can be seen in the hands and feet and body.
6) Abnormalities in Sexual Structure (abnormalities in sexual organs are also seen): = Menstrual cycle irregularity, amenorrhea, premature development of secondary sexual characteristic etc. are seen.
7) Change in bowel habit (changes in bowel habit).:= If there is a condition of hyperthyroidism then passing loose stool frequently and if there is a condition of hypothyroidism then the condition of constipation can be seen.
8) Polyuria and Polydipsia := These symptoms are mainly seen due to diabetes mellitus.
9) Change in weight:= Loss of weight despite eating too much which is seen in diabetic condition and also seen in hyperthyroidism and if there is excessive weight gain it can be a condition of hypothyroidism. .
10) Change in Appetite (Changes in Appetite): = Excessive hunger and lack of appetite is seen due to diabetes.
11) Fatigue := It is mainly seen due to stress.
12) Tremor:= seen mainly in hyperthyroidism condition.
13) Hair Changes: Excessive hair in women indicates ovarian impairment. If axillary and pubic hair loss occurs, it indicates a pituitary disorder. Soft and silky hair is seen in the condition of hyperthyroidism and dry hair is also seen in hyperthyroidism.
14) Abnormalities in growth, and changes in skin and tissues due to disorder of any endocrine system,
Eye changes, bone and joint changes, and renal changes are also seen.
Explain the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid function test (Write the diagnostic evaluation of thyroid function test.)
1) serum thyroxine (T4),
2) triiodothyronine (T3),
3) serum thyroid stimulating hormone,
4) radioisotope uptake test.
5) T3 uptake resin.
6) serological test.
Explain the parathyroid function test
1) PTH (parathyroid hormone)
This test is used to assess the amount of parathyroid hormone present in the blood.
2) Total serum calcium level:=
This test is used to assess the amount of total calcium in the blood.
3) Serum Phosphate level:=
This test is used to assess the amount of phosphate present in the blood, which alters calcium metabolism.
Explain adrenal function test
1) plasma cortisol:=
Plasma cortisol is primarily used to assess adrenal dysfunction.
2)24 hour urinary free cortisone level:=
This test is used to assess the amount of cortisol hormone present in the body.
3) Dexamethasone suppression test:=
This test is mainly used to assess adrenal hyperfunction.
4)ACTH (Adrenocorticotrophic hormone)
This test is mainly used to assess hypercortisolism.
5) Corticotrophin stimulating hormone:=
This test is mainly used to assess the amount of corticotrophic realizing hormone.
6) Urine and blood test:=
This test is mainly used to assess primary aldosteronism.
Explain the pituitary function test
serum prolactin test,
serum growth hormone test,
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone,
insulin tolerance test.
glucose suppression test,
water deprivation test.
Exocrine pancreatic function test.
urine test.
angiography
radionuclide scanning.