An antidote is a chemical substance. Which is used to stop the poison and control the effect of the poison.

Acetaminophen (paracetamol) poisoning

Antidote: N-acetylcysteine

Anticholinergics poisoning

Antidote: Physostrigamine

Physostrigamine increases the level of acetylcholine and inhibits the degeneration of acetylcholine.

Benzodiazepines poisoning

Antidote: Flumazenil

Flumazenil is a selective antagonist for benzodiazepines. Flumazenil binds to the receptor in place of benzodiazepines and replaces benzodiazepines and reduces their effects.

Calcium channel blocker poisoning

Antidote: Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate increases extracellular calcium levels and blocks calcium channel activity to restore calcium and support normal cardiac function.

Digoxin poisoning

Antidote: Digibind

Digibind binds to the digoxin molecule in the blood and forms a complex and the complex is excreted by the kidneys.

Heparin poisoning

Antidote: Protamine sulfate

Protamine sulfate forms a stable complex with heparin and neutralizes the anti-coagulation effect. Protamine sulfate prevents the process of inhibiting the clotting activity of heparin and helps restore the normal clotting function of the blood.

Iron poisoning

Antidote: Deferoxamine

Deferoxamine is a chelating agent that binds to excess iron in the body and forms a stable complex and this complex is excreted through urine.

Lead poisoning

Antidote: Chelation therapy

Chelation therapy is used in mercury and lead poisoning. Chelation therapies include succimer, dimercaprol (BAL) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). All three agents are chelating agents. The lead present in the body binds and forms a complex and this complex is excreted through urine.

Magnesium sulphate poisoning

Antidote : Calcium gluconate

Calcium gluconate is not specific for magnesium sulfate poisoning but calcium gluconate is used in the management of magnesium sulfate overdose. Calcium ion competes with magnesium ion and calcium ion binds to the binding site of magnesium ion and reduces the toxic effect of magnesium.

Organophophate poisoning

Antidote: Atropine

Atropine blocks the acetylcholine receptor and blocks the action of acetylcholine. Thus reducing the toxic effects seen due to organophosphate poisoning. Relieves effects such as excessive salivation, respiratory distress and muscle twitching.

Opioid poisoning

Antidote: Naloxone

Naloxone binds to the brain’s opioid receptors and displaces the opioid and reverses the effects of the opioid.

Warfarin poisoning

Antidote: Vitamin K (Phytomenadione)

Phytomenadione promotes the synthesis of clotting factors and reduces the effect of warfarin.