HEALTH SYSTEM IN INDIA ( Health System in India ):

Introduction:

In the 19th century, public health was used instead of community health, the main purpose of which was to control people’s physical health and physical environment, especially environmental It was associated with sanitation.
The concept of public health changed in the 20th century and included different issues, including,

1. Everyone has the right to take responsibility for their health and to maintain their health.

2. Working not only for the physical environment but also targeting all aspects of health, including occupational health, social health, emotional health, because all these aspects affect health.
This changed concept brought about a change in the health program and divided community health into four phases.

• A. prevention of premature death ( પ્રેવેન્શન ઓફ પ્રમેટ્રાઇયોર દેથ )
• B. Prevention of disease, illness and disability ( પ્રેવેન્શન ઓફ ડીસીજ, ઇલ્નેસ એંડ ડીસાબીલીટી )
• C. Promotion and maintenance of health
• D. Rehabilitation

A community health center is not only concerned with the health of an individual or a human being but covers all aspects that affect the health of people.

♦ Community

Define Community:

(1) A community can be described as a group of persons who socially interact because of shared goals and interests (McEwen & Nies, 2019).

A community can be described as a group of individuals who interact socially because of shared goals and interests (McEwen & Nies, 2019).

(2)  All the people who live in a particular place, area, etc. when considered as a group.

All people living in a particular place, area, etc. are considered a group.

(3)  A group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society.

A group of people with a common characteristic or interest living together within a larger society

Thus, a community is a society in which a large group of people live in a specific geographical area and meet their basic needs. Such a group includes Female, Male, Adult, Children etc. and they have different attitudes, beliefs and religions. Such a group is called a community.

HEALTH – Health (Health) :

In 1948, the W.H.O (World Health Organization)  defined Health, which is as follows.

” Health is a state in which a person is physically, mentally, socially and spiritually healthy and is not subject to any disease. That which does not have defects is called health “

As per WHO

“Health is a state or complete physical, mental, social and spiritual well being and not merely an absence of disease or infirmity.”

However, health is a constantly changing process, making it difficult to maintain this goal. Health is common in most cultures. In fact, every community has its own concept of health, health is a fundamental and basic right of every individual which is also included in the constitution.

♦ Community Health (Community Health) :

• Community health is defined as the group of individuals living in a society who aims to maintain, protect and improve the health of the people. ” Community health is the aim of maintaining, protecting and improving the health of a group of individuals living in a society. “
• Community health provides preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitation services.

💚 Define community health :

“Community health focuses on the health of the entire population and its components, where there are populations with similar health concerns and characteristics.

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING:

“Community health nursing is a synthesis of public health nursing practices applied to the promotion and preservation of the health of the population. Community health nursing means providing health services to the sick and healthy people in the community. Community health nursing is determined by the health status of the population in the community and the guidance of the assessment made. “

or

“Community health nursing is a field of nursing that combines the practice of nursing with primary health care and public health nursing”

or

A specialized field of nursing that combines the skills of nursing, public health and social assistance and some phases of work to promote health as part of a total public health program Partly, improving the social and physical condition of the environment, rehabilitation of illness and disabilities.

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING:

This is a vast field of nursing practice and has a very close relationship with human well being. Its purpose is to maintain community health using defined public health measures. In which there is no limitation to provide general and comprehensive treatment for a particular individual or group of diseases, it has to be provided continuously and it is a continuous process.

In this, it is the responsibility of nurses to provide services to the entire community, so nursing is aimed at providing health services to everyone in the community, including individuals, families, specific groups such as children, industrial workers. It has been developed, in which nursing or family can provide services at their home, school or workplace. In this way, one has to work by understanding one’s responsibility. For example, to strengthen the polio immunization program, political help should be sought and health education should be provided on a large scale and polio vaccination should be done to children.

The nursing profession provides services in the community, which is called Community Health Nursing.In 1956, I.N.C. This subject was introduced in nursing, and general nursing students were trained and informed about nursing services. Nursing services are planned keeping in mind the aim that the necessary health services are available to the people in the community in sufficient quantity.

Community health was divided into four phases.

• A. Prevention of premature death
• B. Prevention of disease, illness and disability
• C. Promotion and maintenance of health
• D. Rehabilitation (Rehabilitation)

Goal of community health nursing:

1. To prepare families and communities to increase their capacity to resist various illnesses and diseases.
2. To support professionals who strive to maintain and promote health.
3. To control and eliminate, as far as possible, factors that affect the physical and social environment that endanger the health of the individual.
4. To contribute to the improvement of nursing practice and public health nursing.

Scope of Community Health Nursing:

• Home care-(Home Care)
• Nursing home (private or govt)-(Nursing Home)
• MCH care ( MCH Care )
• Family planning centre-( Family Planning Centre)
• School health programme-(School Health Programme)
• Community health services-(Community Health Service)
• Indusrial nursing
• Domicillary services
• Mental health services
• Rehabilitation
• Geriatric nursing service

Principles of community health nursing (Principles of Community Health Nursing):

• 1. All members of the health team should be aware of their duty responsibilities.
• 2. The health worker should be responsible to the authority.
• 3. Professional relationship and adequate essential public health should be provided.
• 4. Everyone who works with people can help in the health program.
• 5. Everyone should get services regardless of age, sex, caste, or nationality.
• 6. Health workers should maintain non-political relationships with people.
• 7. Public health workers should not accept gifts or bribes from anyone.
• 8. Provide health services according to need.
• 9. Services should be provided through available facilities and individuals.
• 10. The scope of work for family and community health should be wide.
• 11. Teaching should be a part of health services.
• 12. Continued service is effective service Continuous repeated contact should be with the family, which is necessary for careful follow up and effective treatment and teaching can also be given where necessary, so that their trust can be gained and through it health and habits can be improved.
• 13. Evaluation is very important for planning and to know the progress.
• 14. Records and reports are very important in public health services, so that what has been done and what remains to be done can be known, as well as strong and weak points can be known.
• 15. Public health nurse should be qualified so that effective nursing services can be provided.

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