📘 Essential for Obstetric & Gynecological Nursing, Reproductive Health, and Competitive Exams
Gynecological disorders are diseases related to the female reproductive system, including the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, cervix, and vagina. These may cause pain, irregular bleeding, infertility, or hormonal imbalance.
✅ “Gynecological disorders refer to abnormal conditions or diseases affecting the female reproductive organs.”
🔸 Painful menstruation (cramps in lower abdomen/back)
🔸 Primary: No pelvic pathology (common in adolescents)
🔸 Secondary: Due to endometriosis, fibroids, PID
🔸 Absence of menstruation
🔸 Primary: No menstruation by age 15
🔸 Secondary: Stopped menstruation for ≥3 months (e.g., pregnancy, PCOS, anorexia)
🔸 Hormonal disorder → multiple cysts on ovaries
🔸 Features: Irregular periods, hirsutism, acne, infertility
🔸 Associated with obesity & insulin resistance
🔸 Endometrial tissue outside uterus (e.g., ovaries, pelvis)
🔸 Symptoms: Severe dysmenorrhea, infertility, dyspareunia
🔸 Can cause pelvic adhesions
🔸 Benign tumors of uterine muscle
🔸 Symptoms: Heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, pressure symptoms
🔸 Common in reproductive age
🔸 Infection of uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries
🔸 Often due to STDs (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea)
🔸 Symptoms: Fever, pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, infertility
🔸 Excessive vaginal white discharge
🔸 Causes: Vaginal infection, cervical erosion, poor hygiene
🔸 May be physiological or pathological
🔸 Descent of uterus into the vaginal canal
🔸 Caused by weak pelvic floor muscles (post-childbirth, aging)
🔸 Symptoms: Pelvic pressure, urinary incontinence
🔸 Excessive or prolonged menstrual bleeding
🔸 Causes: Fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, hormonal imbalance
🔸 Inflammation of cervix
🔸 Symptoms: Vaginal discharge, bleeding after intercourse
🔸 Diagnosed on speculum exam
🟩 Assessment:
🔹 Menstrual history, pain assessment, vaginal discharge
🔹 Monitor signs of infection, anemia, or infertility
🟨 Interventions:
🔹 Administer medications (antibiotics, hormone therapy)
🔹 Educate on hygiene, contraception, and safe sex practices
🔹 Prepare for surgical interventions (e.g., hysterectomy, laparoscopy)
🟥 Health Education:
🔹 Importance of regular gynecological check-ups
🔹 Awareness of abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain, discharge
🔹 Counseling on fertility, stress, and healthy lifestyle
🟡 PCOS = irregular periods + obesity + hirsutism
🟡 PID is commonly caused by STIs
🟡 Uterine fibroids are benign tumors
🟡 Endometriosis causes severe dysmenorrhea and infertility
🟡 Leucorrhea may be normal or due to infection
Q1. Which disorder is associated with chocolate cysts and infertility?
🅰️ PCOS
✅ 🅱️ Endometriosis
🅲️ PID
🅳️ Fibroid
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Endometriosis
Q2. The most common cause of pelvic inflammatory disease is:
🅰️ Urinary tract infection
✅ 🅱️ Sexually transmitted infections
🅲️ Cervical cancer
🅳️ Menopause
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Sexually transmitted infections
Q3. What is the main symptom of uterine fibroids?
🅰️ Scanty periods
✅ 🅱️ Heavy menstrual bleeding
🅲️ Amenorrhea
🅳️ Painful urination
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Heavy menstrual bleeding
Q4. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by:
🅰️ Weight loss and frequent periods
🅱️ Hypotension and low blood sugar
✅ 🅲️ Irregular periods and hirsutism
🅳️ Early menopause
Correct Answer: 🅲️ Irregular periods and hirsutism
Q5. Uterine prolapse is caused by:
🅰️ Excess estrogen
✅ 🅱️ Weak pelvic floor muscles
🅲️ PID
🅳️ Cervical cancer
Correct Answer: 🅱️ Weak pelvic floor muscles