Physiology and Management of Pregnancy, Labor, and Puerperium Pregnancy, labor, and puerperium are crucial stages in the reproductive process. Understanding the physiological changes during these stages and the appropriate management is essential for ensuring maternal and fetal health. Below is an overview of the physiology and management of each stage: 1. Physiology of Pregnancy Pregnancy begins with the fertilization of an ovum by sperm, followed by implantation in the uterus.