✅ I. Definition: Operative Obstetrics refers to the use of surgical or instrumental techniques during labor and delivery when normal vaginal delivery is not progressing safely for the mother or fetus. 👉 It includes procedures like episiotomy, forceps delivery, vacuum extraction, cesarean section, and in rare cases, destructive operations. 📖 II. Indications of Operative Obstetrics: 🔹 When labor is prolonged or arrested🔹 When there is fetal distress (abnormal FHR, meconium-stained