General characteristics of Microbes: General Characteristics of Microbes. Microbes, or microorganisms, are tiny living organisms that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. They include bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. In the field of microbiology nursing, understanding these microorganisms is essential for infection control, disease prevention, and patient care. Below is a comprehensive explanation of the general characteristics of microbes relevant to nursing practice. 1. Microscopic