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UNIT 3 fertility And infertility. Fertility: When a woman has the ability to conceive and bear children (offspring), it is called fertility. Fertility means the natural capacity to produce offspring is called fertility. Actors Affecting Fertility in Women: Generally, five factors that affect a woman’s fertility are: 1) Biological factor,2) Physiological factor,3) Social Factor,4) Economic factor,5) Family planning. 1) Biological Factors: Age: A woman’s fertility ability naturally declines with age.