Terminologies.

Anatomy…

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the organs in the body and its scientific study is called anatomy.

Anatomy includes the complete study of the structure of any organ in the body, the location of its surrounding organs.

Anatomy is the scientific study of the structure of human body organs.

Physiology…

Physiology is such a branch of science. Which includes the study of the functions of any system organ, its activity and its functional mechanism.

The scientific study of organ functions is called physiology.

Pathology ..

The study of abnormal function of human body organs is called pathology. Which shows any abnormal condition in the body.

Various Anatomical terminology..

During the study of human anatomy and physiology some scientific terminology is used for structure and function for easy understanding. So that any structure or function can be understood effectively. All this terminology is as follows.

Cell..

The smallest structural and functional unit of the body is called a cell.

There are many different types of cells in the body. It is the smallest functional unit in the body.

Tissue..

A tissue means cells of the same type come together and form a tissue. These tissues perform specific functions. There are many types of tissues in the body.

organ..

More than one tissue joins together and forms an organ.

System..

Many organs work together to form a particular system and many systems are functioning in the body.

The human body is multi-cellular and complex.

pH..

The concentration of hydrogen ions is called pH. The hydrogen ion concentration capacity of many liquids in this body is called its pH. pH is acidic, alkaline and neutral.

0 to 7 pH is called acidic pH.

A pH of 7 to 14 is called an alkali (basic) pH.

A pH of 7 is the neutral pH.

Each fluid in the body has a specific pH viz..

Urine pH 4.5 to 8.0

Blood pH 7.35 to 7.45

Bile has a pH of 6 to 8.5.

Intracellular..

The term intracellular is used for the structure inside the cell wall of a cell.

Extracellular.

The term extracellular is used to describe the structure outside the cell wall of a cell.

Cytology.

Cytology means the scientific study of cells.

Histology..

The scientific study of certain cell mass ie part of tissue is called histology.

Abnormal study of this tissue is called histopathology.

Osteology means the scientific study of bones in the body.

Myology is the scientific study of muscles.

Arthrology is the scientific study of joints Which is made up of two bones.

Neurology means the scientific study of nerves and neurons.

Nephrology is the scientific study of the structure and function of the kidney

Gastrology is the study of the structure and function of the organs of the digestive tract.

Cardiology means the scientific study of the function and structure of the heart.

Terminology related to various anatomical position of the body…

During the scientific study of the human body, specific terminology is used to describe each part. For the use of this terminology the following anatomical positions are considered normal anatomical positions.

Normal anatomical position

In which the human body is kept in an upright position. His head is facing forward and eyes are facing forward both arms are straight and palms are kept in forward direction both legs are straight and in forward direction. This position is called the normal anatomical position.

Symmetric and Asymmetric.

If the same structures and organs are arranged on both sides of the body, it is called symmetrical arrangement. If the body part fails to be arranged in the same size and shape on both sides, then it is called asymmetrical.

Midline

The line dividing the two equal left and right sides of the human body is called the midline.

Anterior and Posterior

The term anterior is used to describe the front body part of a person standing in a normal anatomical position. While posterior terminology is used to describe the posterior body part.

Superior and Inferior..

Superior terminology is used to describe the upper part of any body part or organ and inferior terminology is used to describe its lower part.

Medial and lateral..

Medial terminology is used to describe the midline or part of the body towards the midline while lateral terminology is used to describe the part of the periphery away from the midline.

Internal and External..

Internal terminology is used for the description of the inner part of the body i.e. for the description of the Cavity or for the description of the internal structure and external terminology is used for the description of the superficial outside.

Homeostasis…

The term homeostasis is used for the stability of the internal environment of the human body. In which every physiological function of the human body is within its normal range and limit. Homeostasis means state of equilibrium of the body.

In any disease or any pathological condition, this internal homeostasis mechanism is disturbed and body imbalance occurs.

Mainly nervous system, endocrine system, as well as some other important organs in the body play a very important role in maintaining the internal homeostasis of the body.

Two bones join in the body and form a joint. The following different movements are observed at this joint. The following terminology is used for it. This terminology can be used to describe different movements and actions.

Extension and flexion.

The movement of the two bones of the joint away from each other is called extension. Flexion is when two parts of the same joint come closer to each other. Both these movements are opposite to each other.

Abduction and adduction..

Movement away from the midline is called abduction and movement towards the midline is called adduction. Both these movements are opposite to each other.

Rotation…

Any of these organs makes a circular movement on its axis. It is called rotation movement.

Organization of the human body..

The human body is multi-cellular and complex. Its basic smallest functional unit is the cell. These cells join together and form tissue. Tissue joins together to form an organ. Such different organs meet and form a system. Many such systems operate in the body. All these systems are more or less interconnected and the internal homeostasis of the body is maintained.

The following systems are present in the body.

Circulatory system

The lymphatic system

nervous system

Urinary system

Endocrine system

Respiratory system

Digestive system

Musculoskeletal System

Reproductive system etc. system is located in human body.

Note. Details about all the above systems and their organs will be given in full in that system.