COMMUNITY:

Community (community): A group of people living in a specific geographical area who share a common culture, beliefs, and norms and ideas.

culture: The language, customs, beliefs, rules, art, knowledge, and collective identity and memory developed by members of all social groups and they make the social environment meaningful.

Introduction:

• Community has an impact on the health status of people.
• Nurses need to understand the community so that they can take appropriate plans or steps to achieve the health of the community.
• Before understanding the concept of community, it is necessary to understand the community and the health of the community. Then the services provided by medical and paramedical personnel to achieve all over health of the people of the community will be discussed.
• A community is a group of people who live in a particular geographical area and share similar cultural beliefs.
• The community has been viewed from different perspectives by different authors. Some authors have defined community based on geographical area while others have viewed community based on culture and cultural and professional organizations.

Characteristics of Community (Community Characteristics of):

• Group of People
• Common Place
• Interaction between people
• Common language
• Their feelings
• Common attitude
• More or less the same kind of lifestyle

Community is a social system in which people interact with each other, that is, a social It is made up of systems such as cultural, political, educational, environmental and religious. All these factors influence health, so to promote health in the community, it is necessary to understand these systems.

Common place i.e. geographical location

Social system- i.e. social units and systems with interactions and systems

Group of people

The nurse should be aware of the geographic characteristics of the population and should be aware of its health status and community resources. Not only this, but the nurse should have an understanding of the culture, attitudes, beliefs, characteristics and their lifestyle.

All of these  Factors vary from community to community. The assessment of these factors helps health personnel to make a connection between factors and health. These factors will help to develop appropriate plans or programs.

Community includes the following topics:

• Common life
• Group of people
• Common culture
• Common interdependent life
• Limited geographical area

Characteristics of Community:

All of them Communities have common characteristics. And those different characteristics depend on the size of the community. The characteristics also depend on the  nature of the community.

Self reliance : A community provides a place to live. Livelihood, education, protection and all the facilities that help to meet the basic needs of its people.

Everyone’s feeling: The people of the community feel that is, the feeling of the community and identify themselves with the community.

Closeness: The people of the community have face-to-face interaction and free communication. It is more common in small communities, such as small villages and neighborhoods. Its members are physically close, have more direct contact, and have more interactions and organizations.

Uniformity: The people living within the boundaries of a community have similarities in their social characteristics. They are similar in language, lifestyle, customs, and traditions.

Geographical boundaries: Each community has established boundaries that define its beginning and end. For example neighborhood, village, city etc.

TYPES OF COMMUNITY (Type of Community) :

Urban and rural:

Village community:

A village community is a small area with a small population that has agriculture as its sole occupation. The village community is the oldest and most permanent community that follows not only as a place but also as a way of life.

The Origin of the Village :

• Initially, human communities were migratory communities, which later became settled with the knowledge and skills of agriculture as a source of food.
• The emergence of villages shows that humans have moved from a collective mode of life to a settled one.
• Every human race or nation has a village community of its own and it is believed that villages came into existence 5000 years ago.

Features of the Village Community:

Spirit of unity : There is a spirit of unity in the village. All the families in the village are united and share their sorrows and happiness together.

close relationship : The people of the village have close relations with each other and they know each other personally.

Common Culture : The people of the village have a common culture. The customs and conventions of the people of the village are also similar. is.

Joint Family: This practice is still followed in the villages. For the farming business, they need the cooperation of all the family members.

Joint Participation: The people of the village jointly organize religious activities and participate in them.

Close neighbor relationships Relationships: Neighborhood is very important in the village, they pay attention to each other and help each other.

Deep faith in religion and duties:The profession of the village people is agriculture and it is based on nature, this shows their faith and religion.

Far from the evils of modern culture and simple:The people of the village are simple, their nature and behavior are natural, so peaceful Lives a life and stays away from modern culture.

Hard working : The people of the village are sincere and hardworking.

Hospitality: He shows great hospitality towards guests, he welcomes others, his behavior is not rough.

High moral values: He has high and high morals, his life is governed by standards.

Characteristics of Indian Villages :

Villages in India are the unit of social structure of India. About 70 to 80% of the total population lives in villages. Villages are divided into small and large sizes. Small villages have a population below 500. Medium and large villages have a population below 500. The population of the village is from 2000 to 5,000 or more than 5,000.

The village has the following characteristics

Socially and economically connected to neighboring cities (socially and economically connected to neighboring cities):

In the early 19th century, villages were separate and self-sufficient. Because all needs were satisfied in the villages themselves, but development, transport and communication have broken down the barriers between villages.

Structure of simplicity, stability and peace:

The village environment is simple and peaceful, simple life is lived in simple clothes and all civilizations, but fashion has taken its place in villages. Radio and TV music can also be heard everywhere in the village.

Strong connection between customs and traditions:

The outlook of the villagers is mainly rigid and they accept changes with extreme reluctance.

Poverty and Illiteracy:

The villagers are generally poor, their income is low, they wear rough clothes, the villagers are illiterate, educational opportunities for children are few, facilities for higher education are also nil. Due to poverty, the villagers cannot send their children to the city for education, so there is a lack of education.

Local Self Government:

They manage their own affairs through the traditional institutions of Panchayat. When it started to decline during the British rule, new efforts were made to strengthen the Panchayat system again after independence.

URBAN COMMUNITY:

• Urban community is a densely populated area. Area. According to the Census of India, urban areas are defined as those areas where there is a local authority such as a Municipal Board Notified Area Committee and other criteria that meet the needs of a population of 5000. At least 75 percent of the male working population is engaged in non-agricultural occupations. Urban people are gradually engaged in various professional occupations.

Features of Urban Community:

Class extremes: Class extremes in urban communities are seen between the richest and the poorest. We can see people:

• Living on the sidewalk
• Living a luxurious life
• Living in bungalows, kothi or pucca or semi-pucca houses.
• Enable to meet the daily routine needs of life.

No primary contact: People in cities do not come into primary contact. They are sometimes unaware of who is next to them. Sometimes they do not even recognize them.

Mechanical Attitude: Their attitude is mechanical because they show a pattern of mutual convenience. They treat strangers as machines, not as humans.

No sense of belonging: People in urban communities are aware of the existence of many institutions and people around them, but they do not feel a sense of belonging to any group.

New biological and cultural breeding ground for Shankar: People of different races and cultures live in urban communities. People come from different parts of the world and their cultures, professions, characteristics, lives and thoughts are different.

Social Contact: Social contact is personal and discrete, maintaining social distance for anonymity.

Energy and Speed: People in urban communities work day and night. This makes their lives busy. Creates more stress and insecurity.

Health and Diseases: Crowding, pollution, etc. affect people in urban communities. The incidence of illness is higher in cities than in villages.

DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN COMMUNITY:

City Development:

Urbanization and its effects on health and health practices:

City Development: Every civilization has seen migration from villages to cities.

• 6000 to 5000 bc – First cities appeared which were small and difficult to distinguish from towns.
• By 2000 bc – True cities emerged.
• 19th century – Period of true urban revolution.

Availability of increased resources: City Development occurs where resources are more than just the sustenance of life. Man has expanded his dominion over nature. And this is the main reason for the development of cities.

Industrialization: The introduction of new technologies of production has led to the development of cities. The invention of machinery and the use of large roots led to the establishment of large plants, which led to the movement of workers towards these industries and their concentration around these areas. Commercialization: Trade and commerce play an important role in the development of cities. In ancient civilizations, cities flourished where goods were distributed and commercial transactions took place. Nowadays, the development of marketing institutions and exchange systems has greatly influenced the development of cities. Development of means of transport: Transport of raw or manufactured goods Material can be sent from one area to another. The presence of industrialization transport has led to the concentration of people and local transport has expanded its boundaries, adding to the population of the city.

Means of communication: The development of the city has been due to the development in communication like phone, mailing, internet etc. Due to the establishment of factories, the need for manpower, and the information of educational institutions, people have migrated to the city. All these have led to the development of the city.

Increased opportunities for earning: The tall structure attracts trade and commerce and the younger generation to the cities. Not only can you get more facilities with a higher salary, but more employment opportunities attract the young generation to the city.

Increase in education facilities: Most universities and colleges are in cities, and large libraries are also in the city. Not only this, competitive examination centers and agencies are also in cities.

Recreational Facilities: Art galleries and museums, amusement parks, and theaters are in cities. Which attract children and the young generation. Naturally, this facility attracts youth and women to cities.

Community organization:

Human communities are classified based on the size and density of the population.

• Neighborhood
• Rural
• Urban
• Regional and global communities.

Neighborhood: People living close to home in a particular geographic area come into contact with the neighborhood which is the first community that children come into contact with.

According to “Anderson” and “Parker”, a neighborhood can be an aggregation of several family groups.

• City neighborhood
• Village neighborhood

City neighborhood: The lack of close contact or lack of contact means that neighborhoods do not exist as a community in such a city.

Village neighborhood: In villages, people are well acquainted, live close to each other and have immediate contact.

It has been observed that women and children like to live in the neighborhood more than men. Children gradually become accustomed to their food due to livestock, boundary holes and insulting comments.

Culture :

Culture has an influence on social life. To understand the nature of society, it is necessary to understand culture. The various definitions of culture are as follows.

According to Malinowski: Culture is the product of man and the means by which he acquires his characteristics.

According to Tyler: Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.

CHARACTERISTIC OF CULTURE (Characteristics of Culture):

• Culture is not innate but it is an acquired quality.
• Culture is not an individual’s personal heritage but a social product shared by members of a group.
• Culture fulfills the moral and social needs of a group.
• The various parts of culture are integrated with each other.
• Culture is the sum of the ideas and norms of a group.
• Culture is passed from one generation to another through tradition or customs.
• The main vehicle of culture is language.

Culture means the evolution of civilization:

• Evidence of people’s material objects such as pottery, coins, etc. do not tell about the culture, but their evidence reveals the evolution of the culture.
• It is difficult to find the origin of a specific culture because it is lost in the mists of antiquity.
• Cultural development can be identified through discovery and invention.
• Material as well as non-material cultural features are discovered, but these discoveries contributed to the development of culture. Not.
• The achievement of an individual’s invention is made possible by the culture that has developed. The individual is not the cause of the invention but is merely an agent of the cultural situation that brings about change in the culture.
• Culture has evolved from complex features that are dependent on each other. Features are not independent of other features. The features of culture that are present today will influence the discovery of new features. This means that the features of the current culture are an improvement over the features of the past.
• The specific elements involved in the evolution of culture are humans and that the culture developed by one generation is the basis of the new generation.

The nature of culture means nature:

Culture is based on the unique human ability to categorize experience. Culture is a process by which the older generation motivates and obliges the younger generation to reproduce an established lifestyle. It is difficult to quantify the extent to which culture is embedded in a person’s lifestyle because it is so pervasive that it escapes everyday thought.

Diversity and homogeneity of culture:

• Culture is not innate, humans create culture. Culture is the transmission of principles and traditions from generation to generation. Although humans have created it, culture is flexible and changes. Human culture is linked to the biological evolution of humans. Because humans are creative by nature, they have developed different or distinct ways of life. The diversity of culture is a result of geographical location, religious beliefs, and lifestyle.
• Culture is the acquired behavior of a group. This means that there are as many cultures as there are groups. In some cultures, the groom goes to live in the house of his wife. While in others, the bride goes to live in the house of the husband. In this, group differences in cultural behavior are seen among different people in India which is known as different cultures.

Various factors for culture:

Geographic location: Geographic location provides the basis for different cultures. This is due to the availability of different materials for use. For example, flat land with large herds of animals led to nomadic culture.

Unconscious behavior is imitated and later becomes a custom, it is a part of culture: An action performed unconsciously by a person and imitated by others, which later becomes culture.

Flexibility in behavior: Man is flexible and adjusts himself to his natural environment. This adjustment of cultural behavior shows the diversity of culture.

Technological Advancement: Culture is diverse because one group is more backward in terms of progress than another. This can be the reason for the change in culture from one to another.

Religious belief: These groups differ from each other on the basis of religious belief.

Lifestyle: The change in lifestyle due to education makes one group different from another group.

• Due to the change in the level of education in India, there are different types of culture.
• There are 32 languages ​​in India and each state has stories, songs, and narrations that show the diversity of its culture.
• There are thousands of factories for the production of specific works. For which management tasks are divided into labor tasks and administrative tasks. Each group has different types of behavioral patterns  There are many religions in India, people of certain religions have their own lifestyle, beliefs and standard of living.

Uniformity: The uniformity of culture is more complex than it seems. The uniformity of culture in India is based on the belief that there is only one God who Better than all of us.

Globalization offers the opportunity for universal culture to become internalized and thus become part of the whole. Culture Infrastructure Global force that is currently shaping India.

Culture and Socialization:



• Culture is defined as the beliefs, values, behaviors, and material things shared by a particular group of people. Culture is a way of life that is common to many people. Our culture is reflected in what we wear, when we eat, and how we spend our time.
• Our culture affects every aspect of our lives.
• Socialization is a process that shapes and defines our thoughts, feelings, and actions. It provides models for our behavior. As children become socialized, they learn how to fit in and function as productive members of human society. This process of socialization teaches humans the values ​​and norms of culture. Provides guidance for our lives.
• When a person is born, he is helpless. That is, dependent on others. The most basic physiological need is to go out as a person grows. He becomes able to participate in society. This process is called socialization.
• This process is important for all human societies. Because it is a means of teaching culture to each new generation.
• Socialization is the process by which human society teaches culture from generation to generation.
• This means that human infants are born without any culture, which must be transferred through them. Agents of socialization such as family (parents) school (teachers) peers (friends) and the culturally and socially diverse group of humans. The general process of acquiring this culture is known as socialization. In this, the language of the culture is learned. During socialization, we learn cultural norms. Most human personality is a result of our genes.
• Socialization can result in uniformity in society. If all children receive the same socialization, it is likely that they will share the same beliefs and expectations. National governments around the world standardize education. And make it mandatory for all children. Education is a powerful tool to control people. As they internalize the norms of society, they are less likely to break the law.
• Socialization is the process by which we learn the basics of our culture. The individual also develops. And we learn to be good personalities in society.
• Early socialization in different families often varies in technology goals and expectations. Therefore, complex societies are not culturally homogeneous because they do not agree on what shared norms should be.

Socialization of children:

Socialization is learning The process begins immediately after birth. Early childhood is the most critical period of socialization. Because this is the time when language is acquired and fundamental cultural personality traits are learned. Different cultures use different techniques to socialize their children. Education, both formal and informal, is one way children learn to socialize. The small actions of parents can have a big impact on their children’s socialization.

Exchange: The process of transferring goods and services between people. Exchange is a social process in which social behavior is exchanged for some kind of reward of equal or greater value.

Competition: It is a process by which two or more people work together to achieve the same goal and the best is selected.

Cooperation: In cooperation, people work together to achieve a goal. In cooperation, individuals do not think about individual goals but work cooperatively towards a greater goal, i.e. the goals of the group or team. is.

conflict: This is a social process in which people physically or socially overcome each other. This type of situation is often seen in politics.

Coercion: That is, the use of force. This is a process by which people force others to do something against their will. Coercion is used by the police.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY:

Community sentiment:

A community is a group of people who live in a particular geographical area and share different situations in life. Society includes all relationships. It happens that people are among them.

Define locality:

Society does not have specific boundaries. Society is universal. The word society is based on social relationships. On the other hand, community is a group of people who live in a particular geographical area.

DIFFERENCE:

NATURE:

• C: is different
• S: Only society can feel

RELATIONSHIP:

• C: This may or may not have a conscious relationship
• S: Conscious relationships are more important than population in society

SCOPE (Scope):

• C: It is narrower than society because community comes much later than society
• S: It is wider in scope than community

COMMUNITIES (community):

• C: There is no society in community
• S: There are many communities in society

SELF -SUFFICIENCY (Self-Sufficiency):

• C: In this, people do not become self-reliant due to limited scope
• S: In this, people become self-reliant

SHAPE AND AREA:

• C: Area has a definite shape
• S: People living in small, shapeless and remote areas and working in different fields can form a society

OBJECTIVE:

• C: Broad and loosely coordinated
• S: More broad and closely coordinated with each other

DEVELOPMENT (Development):

• C: An individual cannot express himself individually and has to follow the dictates of the community
• S: Individuals have a wide scope for self-development and expression of their personality.