THE FAMILY:

Definition:

• A family is a group of people in which individuals live together to fulfill their biological needs. A group of people who eat in the same common kitchen and have a close relationship with each other is called a family.
• A family is a unit in which a person’s primary health care and social services are provided. This is a unit of study for social and medical sciences. Most health workers, professionals, nurses are somehow associated with families or people.

Introduction (Introduction):

• Family is the basic unit of community. There is no society in the world that does not have a family. That is, social life begins with the family. Many families come together to form a community. Family is the basic group. It is a small group called the primary group. Also called.
• The family expects that its sexual needs are satisfied and its economic, feeding, clothing, housing, medical needs are met and it is expected that its cultural values ​​are transmitted to the younger generation.
• The family is the first contact of the child, so the child learns the basic social values ​​and culture from the family.
• The home helps the child develop his personality and character.

Characteristics of family:

(1) Matting relationship:

A family begins when a man and a woman develop a mating relationship with each other.

(2) Selection of mates:

Husband and wife are mostly selected by the parents or elders of the household or the person chooses according to his/her own wishes And many rules are given in the selection.

(3) A form of marriage:

A meeting relationship is established by marriage. Marriage is decided according to the rules of that society.

(4) System of Name:

Each family is known by its own independent name.

(5) Have tracing of descent:

Each family has its own tracing of descent, which determines the biological relationship of the person. The family may be male or female, or both sides may be equally identified.

(6) Common resident:
All members of the family need a house to live in and all members of the family live in a common house.

(7) Economical provision:

Provides economic protection to all members of the family. The economic needs of all members of the family are fulfilled.

Type of Family:

Different types of families are found in India. The family is divided according to the family’s residence, success, etc. In India, the family is divided on the basis of the constitution, marriage. The child is mostly known by the father’s name. The child is identified by the father’s identity. After the father, the child becomes the heir to his property.

(1) Based on authority:

(A) Patruarchal Family:

In a patriarchal family, the male is the head of the family, he has power, he is called the owner of the family property

(B) Matriachal Family:

In a matriarchal family, the female is the head of the family, she has her own property and rules, the daughter gets inheritance through the parents is

(2) Based on structure:

(A) Nuclear Family:

In which there is only one family, a nuclear family consists of a husband, wife and their children. The family is independent.

(B) Joint Family:

A joint family is a large family in which the parents, their children, grandchildren, and all family members are closely related. They live together and share the kitchen. The oldest member of the household is the head of the household who makes the family decisions.

(3) Based on residence:

(A) Matrilocal Family:

In this family type, the husband lives in his wife’s house

(B) Patrilocal Family:

In this family type, the wife lives in her husband’s house

(4) On the basis of marriage:

(A) Monogamous family Family):
In which one man marries one woman

(B) Polygamous Family:
In this family, one man marries many women

(C) PolyAndroid Family:
In this family, one woman marries many men and lives with them or alternates with them

(5) Based on ancestry:

(A) Matrilineal family:

In this family, the mother is the main pillar in which the woman is the center.

(B) Patrilineal family:

In which the father’s side is the most common.

Family Cycle:

• All grow and enter different phases Each phase of a child’s life presents different challenges and milestones. For example, in the first few years of life, a baby develops trust in their caregiver.
• A child’s growth and development happens at different stages. Each child goes through their own growth phase, but along with growth, development is also important. It is important for their family to understand this. Their development can be expanded through a family cycle, according to their stage.

(1) Unattached adult:

In this first stage, man issues are seen in which the child separates from his parents. For example, when the child enters the age of 20, he goes to college, he separates from his parents and experiences his own life. He separates from his family members to start his career and connects with the peer group.

(2) Newly married adult:

In this stage, man issues are the commitment to marriage in which the person is concerned about how he will treat his wife and the relationship. The person learns to maintain and starts his marital system in this phase.

(3) Childbearing Adult:

In this phase, a new family member comes into the couple’s life and they accept the new family member. In this stage, they need to make adjustments to maintain their financial status, duties and care of the child. They need to visit the child’s grandparents if they do not live together.

(4) Pre-school age children:

In this stage, the child enters preschool with full energy and curiosity

(5) School-age child:

In this stage, the child enters school. The parents encourage the child to maintain relationships with others and Encourages social interaction which includes education and other activities

(6) Teenage child:

When a child turns 15, it is a challenging time for parents as the child wants to become independent. In this stage, flexible family boundaries increase. Parents should give their child the opportunity to grow.

(7) Launching Center:

In this stage, the child lives his college life, the child moves away from his family, the child moves away from home for his further education and after many months he comes to visit in which there is a task for the child that the family supports him.

(8) Middle-aged adult:

In which the parents feel like they are alone at home in which the adult is with someone else They converse and share their thoughts with each other and are seen close to other adults. Adults get married and face their new illnesses and challenges.

(9) Retired Adult:

The main issue in this stage is that of retirement, in which they have to accept retirement, take care of their health, stay close to their family members and their children, and deal with grief.

Basic need of Family:

It doesn’t matter what stage of life you are in, everyone has basic needs that need to be met. Physical, emotional, social, intellectual, spiritual and creative. When all these needs are met, one can live with joy and good feeling.

(1) Physical need (Physical need):

These are basic needs which include air, water, sleep, exercise and sex.

(2) Emotional need:

Which includes appreciation, love, trust and security.

(3) Social need:

Which requires compassion and friendship mostly with peer group.

(4) Intellectual Need:

Which requires challenging thought reading, learning something new and mind stimulation.

(5) Spiritual need: Need):

A person has more faith in the spiritual than in himself. This is a quiet need that increases awareness and sensitivity towards life.

(6) Creative Need:

In which one fulfills his need through some creative activity such as painting, dancing.

Important Functions of family and their problems:

(A) Essential function:

(1) Stable Status Function of Sex:

The main essential function of the family is the satisfaction of sexual life. Most of the relationships accepted by society are in the family. In the family, men and women fulfill their sexual needs within the limits of each other through the family. This is a society’s marriage system that provides a person with the sexual needs of life. The children who are produced through the family are accepted by society. Sexual needs and better personality adjustment are fulfilled through the family. is.

(2) The reproductive function:

It is accepted by every society that children produced by a family are acceptable to the society.

(3) Provision of Home:

The family provides a home for each of its members. Every man and woman have a strong desire to build their own home. A person remembers the house where he is brought up better than his original place of birth. All members of the family live in peace and security at home. Home is the end of the earth. The sweetest place in the world is home.

(4) Socialization Function:

A person learns the rules and regulations of the society in which he lives through the family. A person learns the behavior patterns of the society in which he is born. Every family has its own unique image and the person stands out through it. The family teaches the morals and norms of the society to the child. Family children It is a role model for the child and acts as an agent in shaping the child into a social being.

(5) Affectional function:

Family provides love and affection to each of its members, security. It provides mental and emotional needs to each of the family members. Family develops lovely relationships between each of its members. Every person gets the first feeling of love from his parents. Family provides affection to parents and siblings. Lack of affection hinders the development of the child. A person who is deprived of the need for love and affection in his childhood is not happy in his life.

(B) Non Essential Function:

(1) Status Function:

A person gets his status and position according to the family in which he is born. Thus, the family gives the person his status and position so that the person can learn well and understand the value of life and live this good life.

Family is a means of social identity in which a person’s class, religion, place of residence, education, etc. are associated with the family.

(2) Protective Function:

The family protects the person physically, psychologically and economically. This protection is up to a certain limit. If even one person in the society is attacked, it is considered an attack on the entire family or society and the family or society protects him against it.

(3) Economical Function:

The family protects each of its Fulfills the economic needs of the members. This is the traditional function of a family. In the past, the family was an economic unit and goods were produced in it. In the present time, the economic role of the family has changed. Due to industrialization, it has had a profound impact on the family. Family members cannot stop working at home. Most of the production is centralized. Production that used to be done at home is now done in factories.

(4) Educational Function:

Children learn the priority of the family. Children grow up to follow the rules of society, how to behave in society, etc., from the family. The attitude towards society The child gets knowledge and training about a person’s attitude, some habits, etc. from the family. In addition, the child learns how to communicate with people in a certain manner, behave, etc. from the family. Thus, the family is the education unit.

(5) Religious Function:

The main center for religion is the family. The religion of the child is decided with the birth of the child. The first unit that gives religious training to the child is the family. The name for religion is moral. Its values ​​and the concept of God are given to the child first from the family. The child learns the lesson of morality from the family, which stays with him throughout his life. In addition, it is completed by the child’s family. Religion is transferred from one generation to another through the family.

(6) Recreation function:

The family fulfills the recreational needs of the individual. In the past, when recreation facilities were very few, the individual fulfilled his entertainment needs through the family. Nowadays, recreation is obtained through mass media, special movies, television, and the role of the nuclear family in providing recreation is decreasing.

(7) Transmission of culture:

The family performs the function of transferring cultural heritage. The family inherits the customs, ideals, moral rules, etc. that a person learns from the family and transfers them from one generation to the next.

(8) Health Function of Family:

• This is the basic function of a family, it is its job to protect the health of each of its members and take care of them during illness.
• In ancient times, when hospitals were very few, most of the patients were taught good health habits, its importance, attitude towards health, behavior towards illness, etc. from the family at their homes.
• Cultural patterns related to health are transferred from one generation to another through the family. The functions related to health are performed by the family, which are as follows
• Provide adequate food, clothing and shelter to each member of the family
• Maintain the health of each member of the family through the physical environment
• Maintain health standards through the psychological environment
• Provide health education
• Promote health through exercise and diet
• Providing first aid to members
• Treating the sick
• Supervising medication
• Meeting the spiritual needs of members
• Providing rehabilitation care
• Consulting with community health care providers as appropriate.

(9) Government Function:

The family keeps its children under control to some extent and makes the right decisions among them. The family functions as the state, law, regulation, legislation, policy, coat etc. of the family.

Problem of Family:

(1) Separation:

The first step in a couple is separation if their relationship is not good, which leads to a breakup or Divorces happen.

(2) Divorce:

In modern times, there is a continuous increase in the cases of divorce in modern society. If the parents divorce, then anxiety and depression are seen in the child, which affects the child, due to which the child expresses his feelings on his own, anger, grief and his poor performance in school is seen.

Which is a painful experience for the child.

(3) Alcohol or Drug Addicted Parents:

Alcoholic and drug addicted parents create sadness and anxiety in the family and are unable to give enough attention to the family and take care of it, which is very difficult for a family.

(4) Abuse Parents:

Abusive parents mean low self-esteem, anxiety and depression. Abuse is physical, sexual, emotional, etc.

(5) Over Protective Parents:

Over protective parents make more rules for their children, due to which the child feels less dependent and faces problems in the future.

Types of Marriage:

On the Basics of Number of Mates:

(1) Monogamy (Monogamy):

• Monogamy marriage is an ideal and rational type of marriage found in civilized society
• In which one man marries one woman at that time. Thus marriage is normally unbreakable in nature.

(A) Serial monogamy:

In serial monogamy marriage there is a possibility of remarriage in case of divorce or death.

(B) NonSerial monogamy:

Remarriage does not occur in this type

(2) Polygamy:

In this type of marriage, one man marries many women, which is of three types at a time

(A) Polygancy:

In this type, a man marries many women, in which each wife has a separate house and the husband visits her. This is seen in the majority population. No.

(B) Polyantry:

This is a real type of marriage in which one woman marries many men at a time
in which a woman has more than one man who are all brothers who share their wife

(C) Endogamy:

Endogamy is also known as group marriage in which a group of men marries a group of women. Does

On the Basic of Choice of Mate:

On the Basic of Choice of Mate:

On the Basic of Choice of Mate:

1.Exogamous

2. Endogamous

Endogamy is divided into four subtypes

• cast (Cast)
• Sub Cast (Sub Cast)
• Varana (Varana)
• Tribal Endogamy (Tribal Endogamy)

Likewise, exogamous marriage is divided into four types as follows:

• Gotra
• Pravara
• Sapinada
• Village Exogamy

(1) Endogamy Marrige (Endogamy Marriage):

In this type of marriage, the marriage is done within one’s own group such as caste, subcaste, varna and tribe, it is called endogamy marriage.

Cast Endogamy:

In cast endogamy marriage, the person who marries within his own caste is called cast endogamy marriage, and the society strictly follows it.

Subcast Endogamy:

This is another type of endogamy marriage in which the person marries within his own sub caste. Caste is divided into sub castes. Sub castes are known as endogamous units.

Varana Endogamy :

This is a type of endogamous marriage. In traditional Indian society, there are four varas such as Brahmin, Kshatriya, Veshya, Srida. In which the choice of the groom in the endogamy of the person is in his own Varna.

Tribal Endogamy (Tribal Endogamy):

Drive is that territorial group in which the marriage of the person is restricted with his own tribal group

(2) Exogamy Marriage (Exogamy Marriage):

This is opposite to endogamy marriage. In this type of marriage, the individual marries outside his own gotra, clan, village. Due to this type of marriage, the child is born healthy and intelligent.

Gotra Exogamy (Gotra Exogamy):

Gotra members have close blood relations due to which outside marriages are done. Gotra means clan.

Pravara Exogamy:

Pravara means siblig. According to this principle, a person marries outside his village. In exogamy, a person marries outside his village.

Village Exogamy:

According to this principle, a person marries within his village. Every society has its own rules related to marriage.

Medical and Social Aspects of Marriage Marriage):

General Health:

If both the man and the woman are happily married then the general health is better because they carefully diet and exercise and hold each other accountable.

Less Risk Behaviour:

Married people think before doing risky behaviours, bad habits like booking, drinking, brakeless driving etc.

Long Avity:

If better general health and better lifestyle choices are made and understood, then married couples can remain happy for a long time.

Married people are More Happy:

A happy married couple does not seem to be insecure as they grow older, they are in a happy relationship in which they see love and care from their partner.

Recover from the elements more quickly:

In a happy relationship, a couple recovers quickly from those elements that help them recover by providing care, comfort and medicine, consulting the doctor and whatever they need.

Importance of Interdependence of Family Members:

• Interdependence is when two or more people work together to achieve a common goal. Interdependence family means one member helps the other member to do work.
• Due to interdependence, it is easy for the family to solve problems and conflicts.
• It develops skills in children which help in building healthy relationships.
• There is a good feeling towards other members in the family.
• Family members share time, activities and feelings with each other is.
• It encourages members to make their own decisions.
• Due to interdependence, a trusting relationship is maintained in the family.
• It makes work easy and fast.