CHN-31-NUTRITION CLASSIFICATION OF FOOD-SYNP-PHC

📚🥗 Classification of Food by Origin

📘 Essential for GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, AIIMS, NORCET, GPSC & Community Health Nursing Exams

🔰 Definition:

Food can be classified based on its source of origin into two main categories:

🟩 1. Plant Origin (Vanaspati Aahar – વનસ્પતિ આહાર):

These are foods obtained directly from plants, trees, and vegetation.

📌 Examples:

✅ Cereals & Grains: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Barley
✅ Pulses & Legumes: Lentils, Chickpeas, Beans
✅ Fruits: Mango, Banana, Apple, Papaya
✅ Vegetables: Spinach, Carrot, Potato, Tomato
✅ Nuts & Oilseeds: Almonds, Groundnuts, Sunflower seeds
✅ Oils: Mustard oil, Groundnut oil, Coconut oil

📖 Nutritional Importance:

Rich in carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and antioxidants
Low in fats and cholesterol
Essential for vegetarian diets

🟨 2. Animal Origin (Jeev Aahar – જીવ આહાર):

These are foods obtained from animals and animal products.

📌 Examples:

✅ Meat & Poultry: Chicken, Mutton, Beef
✅ Fish & Seafoods: Fish, Prawns, Crabs
✅ Milk & Dairy Products: Milk, Curd, Cheese, Butter
✅ Eggs: Chicken eggs, Duck eggs
✅ Honey: Natural sweetener from bees

📖 Nutritional Importance:

Rich in proteins, fats, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids
Essential for bodybuilding and maintaining immunity
Important source of complete proteins

📚 Golden One-Liners for Quick Revision:

🟨 Plant origin foods provide energy, fiber, and vitamins.
🟨 Animal origin foods are rich in proteins, fats, and minerals.
🟨 Balanced diet should include both plant and animal foods for complete nutrition.

✅ Top 5 MCQs for Practice:

Q1. Which of the following is a plant origin food?
🅰️ Fish
✅ 🅱️ Groundnut
🅲️ Egg
🅳️ Honey

Q2. Which food is of animal origin?
🅰️ Wheat
🅱️ Spinach
✅ 🅲️ Milk
🅳️ Almond

Q3. Which vitamin is mainly found in animal origin food but absent in plant foods?
🅰️ Vitamin C
✅ 🅱️ Vitamin B12
🅲️ Vitamin A
🅳️ Vitamin D

Q4. Honey is classified under:
🅰️ Plant origin food
✅ 🅱️ Animal origin food
🅲️ Mineral origin food
🅳️ Synthetic food

Q5. Nuts and oilseeds are rich in:
🅰️ Proteins only
🅱️ Vitamins only
✅ 🅲️ Healthy fats and energy
🅳️ Vitamin B12

🧪🍲 Classification of Food by Chemical Composition

📘 Essential for GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, AIIMS, NORCET, GPSC & Community Health Nursing Exams

🔰 Definition:

Food is composed of various chemical substances called nutrients, which are essential for maintaining life, promoting growth, repairing body tissues, and preventing diseases. Based on their chemical nature and functions, foods are classified into Macronutrients and Micronutrients.

🎯 I. Macronutrients (Required in Large Quantities):

🟩 1. Carbohydrates :

📌 Function:
- Primary source of energy (60–65% of total calories).
- Spare proteins for their body-building role.
- Help in fat metabolism.
📌 Sources:
- Cereals: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Barley
- Roots & Tubers: Potato, Sweet Potato
- Sugars: Jaggery, Honey, Table Sugar
📌 Types:
- Simple Carbohydrates: Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose (Quick energy)
- Complex Carbohydrates: Starch, Cellulose (Provide sustained energy and fiber)
📌 1 gram of carbohydrates provides 4 kcal energy.

🟨 2. Proteins:

📌 Function:
- Essential for growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues.
- Involved in the production of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
📌 Sources:
- Animal Sources (Complete Proteins): Milk, Eggs, Meat, Fish
- Plant Sources (Incomplete Proteins): Pulses, Soya Beans, Groundnuts
📌 Recommended Intake:
- Adult Male: 60 gm/day
- Adult Female: 55 gm/day
📌 1 gram of protein provides 4 kcal energy.

🟧 3. Fats :

📌 Function:
- Provides energy and essential fatty acids.
- Helps in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
- Acts as a thermal insulator and protective cushion for vital organs.
📌 Sources:
- Animal Sources: Butter, Ghee, Egg Yolk, Fish Oil
- Plant Sources: Mustard Oil, Groundnut Oil, Coconut Oil, Nuts
📌 Types:
- Saturated Fats: Butter, Ghee (Excess leads to heart disease)
- Unsaturated Fats: Vegetable oils, Fish oils (Heart healthy)
📌 1 gram of fat provides 9 kcal energy.

🎯 II. Micronutrients (Required in Small Quantities):

🟥 4. Vitamins :

📌 Function:
- Act as protective nutrients.
- Essential for normal body functions, immunity, and disease prevention.
📌 Types:
- Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A, D, E, K
  - Example: Vitamin A (vision), Vitamin D (bones)
- Water-Soluble Vitamins: B-complex, C
  - Example: Vitamin C (immunity), B12 (nerve function)
📌 Deficiency Diseases:
- Vitamin A – Night Blindness
- Vitamin D – Rickets/Osteomalacia
- Vitamin C – Scurvy
- Vitamin B12 – Pernicious Anemia
📌 Sources:
- Green Leafy Vegetables, Fruits, Milk, Liver, Fish, Eggs

🟦 5. Minerals :

📌 Function:
- Required for bone health, nerve conduction, muscle function, enzyme activation, and maintaining fluid balance.
📌 Important Minerals & Functions:
- Calcium: Bone and teeth formation (Sources: Milk, Ragi)
- Iron: Formation of hemoglobin (Sources: Green leafy vegetables, Liver)
- Iodine: Thyroid hormone synthesis (Sources: Iodized Salt, Fish)
- Zinc: Wound healing, Immunity (Sources: Meat, Nuts)
- Sodium & Potassium: Fluid balance, nerve function

🟪 6. Water :

📌 Function:
- Regulates body temperature.
- Essential for digestion, absorption, circulation, and excretion.
- Helps in nutrient transport and maintaining fluid-electrolyte balance.
📌 Requirement:
- Adults: 2–3 liters per day
- Increased need in hot weather, fever, diarrhea, lactation.

🟫 7. Dietary Fiber :

📌 Function:
- Adds bulk to the stool, prevents constipation.
- Helps in reducing cholesterol levels and regulating blood sugar.
- Prevents colon cancer and obesity.
📌 Sources:
- Whole Grains (Wheat, Brown Rice), Fruits, Vegetables, Pulses

📚 Golden One-Liners for Quick Revision:

🟨 Carbohydrates and Fats provide energy.
🟨 Proteins are required for body building and repair.
🟨 Vitamins and Minerals are protective nutrients.
🟨 Water is essential for life, metabolism, and temperature regulation.
🟨 Fiber is necessary for digestive health and disease prevention.

✅ Top 5 MCQs for Practice:

Q1. Which nutrient provides the highest energy per gram?
🅰️ Carbohydrates
🅱️ Proteins
✅ 🅲️ Fats (9 kcal/gram)
🅳️ Vitamins

Q2. Which vitamin prevents night blindness?
🅰️ Vitamin D
✅ 🅱️ Vitamin A
🅲️ Vitamin C
🅳️ Vitamin B12

Q3. Which mineral is essential for hemoglobin formation?
🅰️ Calcium
✅ 🅱️ Iron
🅲️ Iodine
🅳️ Sodium

Q4. Which of the following is a good source of dietary fiber?
🅰️ Milk
🅱️ Eggs
✅ 🅲️ Whole Grains
🅳️ Fish

Q5. Water requirement is increased in which of the following conditions?
🅰️ Cold climate
🅱️ Sedentary lifestyle
✅ 🅲️ Fever and Diarrhea
🅳️ Resting state

📚🍽️ Food Classification by Predominant Functions

📘 Important for GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, AIIMS, NORCET, GPSC & Community Health Nursing Exams

🔰 Introduction:

Food is classified based on its primary physiological function in the body. These functions include providing energy, supporting growth and body maintenance, and protecting against diseases.

✅ “Right food in the right amount supports energy, growth, and immunity.”

🎯 Classification of Food Based on Predominant Functions:

🟩 1. Energy-Giving Foods (Energy-Producing Foods):

📌 Function:
- Provide energy for physical activities, metabolic processes, and maintaining body temperature.
- Main sources of calories.
📌 Nutrients Provided:
- Carbohydrates and Fats
📌 Examples:
- Cereals: Rice, Wheat, Maize
- Oils & Fats: Ghee, Butter, Mustard Oil
- Sugars: Jaggery, Honey
📖 1 gram of carbohydrate = 4 kcal; 1 gram of fat = 9 kcal

🟨 2. Body-Building Foods:

📌 Function:
- Essential for growth, development, and repair of body tissues.
- Required for wound healing, muscle growth, and production of enzymes and hormones.
📌 Nutrients Provided:
- Proteins
📌 Examples:
- Animal Sources: Milk, Eggs, Meat, Fish
- Plant Sources: Pulses, Soya Beans, Groundnuts
📖 1 gram of protein = 4 kcal

🟧 3. Protective and Regulatory Foods:

📌 Function:
- Protect the body from diseases by building immunity.
- Regulate body processes like digestion, metabolism, blood clotting, and bone health.
📌 Nutrients Provided:
- Vitamins, Minerals, Water, and Fiber
📌 Examples:
- Fruits: Orange, Guava, Papaya (Rich in Vitamin C)
- Vegetables: Spinach, Carrot, Broccoli (Rich in Iron, Vitamin A)
- Milk: Rich in Calcium and Vitamin D
- Water: Maintains body hydration and regulates temperature
- Whole Grains & Fiber-rich Foods: Regulate digestion

📚 Summary Table:

🏷️ Category	📖 Main Nutrients	🍲 Examples
Energy-Giving Foods	Carbohydrates, Fats	Rice, Wheat, Ghee, Oils
Body-Building Foods	Proteins	Milk, Eggs, Pulses, Meat
Protective Foods	Vitamins, Minerals, Water	Fruits, Vegetables, Milk

👩‍⚕️ Nurse’s Role:

👩‍⚕️ Educate individuals about including all three food groups in a balanced diet.
👩‍⚕️ Plan diet charts according to age, health condition, and physical activity.
👩‍⚕️ Emphasize on protective foods to build community immunity against diseases.

📚 Golden One-Liners for Quick Revision:

🟨 Energy-giving foods provide calories for body functions.
🟨 Body-building foods support growth and tissue repair.
🟨 Protective foods help in immunity and disease prevention.
🟨 A balanced diet should include all three types of foods.

✅ Top 5 MCQs for Practice:

Q1. Which of the following is an energy-giving food?
🅰️ Spinach
🅱️ Eggs
✅ 🅲️ Rice
🅳️ Carrot

Q2. Which nutrient is mainly responsible for body building?
🅰️ Carbohydrates
✅ 🅱️ Proteins
🅲️ Fats
🅳️ Vitamins

Q3. Which of the following is a protective food?
🅰️ Wheat
🅱️ Butter
✅ 🅲️ Orange
🅳️ Sugar

Q4. What is the caloric value of 1 gram of fat?
🅰️ 4 kcal
✅ 🅱️ 9 kcal
🅲️ 7 kcal
🅳️ 2 kcal

Q5. Nurse’s role in nutrition counseling is to:
🅰️ Promote only energy foods
🅱️ Ignore community food habits
✅ 🅲️ Educate on balanced diet and correct deficiencies
🅳️ Suggest expensive supplements only

📚🥗 Food Classification by Nutritive Value

📘 Important for GNM/BSc Nursing, NHM, AIIMS, NORCET, GPSC & Community Health Nursing Exams

🔰 Introduction:

Food can be classified based on its nutritive value, i.e., the type of nutrients it primarily provides. This classification helps in planning a balanced diet that meets the body’s needs for energy, growth, repair, and disease prevention.

🎯 Food Classification by Nutritive Value:

🟩 1. Energy-Giving Foods (High-Calorie Foods):

📌 Primary Nutrients Provided:
- Carbohydrates and Fats
📌 Function:
- Supply energy required for daily activities and metabolic functions.
- Maintain body temperature and support physical work.
📌 Examples:
- Cereals & Grains: Rice, Wheat, Maize, Corn
- Sugars: Jaggery, Honey, Table Sugar
- Fats & Oils: Ghee, Butter, Mustard Oil, Coconut Oil
📖 Note:
- 1 gram of carbohydrate = 4 kcal
- 1 gram of fat = 9 kcal

🟨 2. Body-Building Foods (High-Protein Foods):

📌 Primary Nutrient Provided:
- Proteins
📌 Function:
- Essential for growth, development, tissue repair, and maintenance of body structures.
- Helps in production of enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.
📌 Examples:
- Animal Sources (Complete Proteins): Eggs, Milk, Meat, Fish
- Plant Sources (Incomplete Proteins): Pulses, Soya Beans, Groundnuts
📖 Note:
- 1 gram of protein = 4 kcal

🟧 3. Protective Foods (Rich in Vitamins & Minerals):

📌 Primary Nutrients Provided:
- Vitamins, Minerals, Water, and Fiber
📌 Function:
- Build immunity, prevent deficiency diseases, and regulate body processes like digestion, metabolism, nerve function, and blood clotting.
📌 Examples:
- Fruits: Citrus fruits (Vitamin C), Mango (Vitamin A), Banana (Potassium)
- Vegetables: Spinach, Carrot, Broccoli, Tomatoes
- Milk & Dairy Products: Source of Calcium and Vitamin D
- Water & Fiber: Essential for digestion, toxin removal, and hydration
📖 Note: Protective foods are essential for disease prevention and healthy living.

📚 Summary Table:

🏷️ Category	📖 Primary Nutrients	🍲 Examples
Energy-Giving Foods	Carbohydrates, Fats	Rice, Wheat, Oils, Ghee
Body-Building Foods	Proteins	Milk, Eggs, Pulses, Meat
Protective Foods	Vitamins, Minerals, Fiber	Fruits, Vegetables, Milk

👩‍⚕️ Nurse’s Role in Nutrition Counseling:

👩‍⚕️ Educate the public about including all three categories of food in the diet.
👩‍⚕️ Promote locally available nutritious foods to prevent deficiencies.
👩‍⚕️ Provide dietary counseling for vulnerable groups (children, pregnant women, elderly).
👩‍⚕️ Conduct nutrition awareness programs in schools and communities.

📚 Golden One-Liners for Quick Revision:

🟨 Energy-giving foods provide calories for daily energy needs.
🟨 Body-building foods supply proteins for growth and repair.
🟨 Protective foods help in immunity and disease prevention.
🟨 A balanced diet must include all these categories for optimal health.

✅ Top 5 MCQs for Practice:

Q1. Which of the following is a body-building food?
🅰️ Rice
🅱️ Ghee
✅ 🅲️ Eggs
🅳️ Honey

Q2. Which vitamin is mainly found in protective foods like fruits?
🅰️ Vitamin D
✅ 🅱️ Vitamin C
🅲️ Vitamin K
🅳️ Vitamin B12

Q3. Which food group provides the highest energy per gram?
🅰️ Proteins
🅱️ Carbohydrates
✅ 🅲️ Fats
🅳️ Vitamins

Q4. Which of the following is an energy-giving food?
🅰️ Spinach
🅱️ Milk
✅ 🅲️ Rice
🅳️ Lemon

Q5. Nurses play a vital role in:
🅰️ Ignoring patient diets
🅱️ Promoting only expensive foods
✅ 🅲️ Educating about balanced and affordable nutrition
🅳️ Encouraging only high-protein diets

📚🍽️ Food Groups and Their Nutritional Importance

🟩 1. Cereals and Millets

📌 Examples: Rice, Wheat, Maize (Corn), Barley, Bajra (Pearl Millet), Jowar (Sorghum), Ragi (Finger Millet).
📌 Key Nutrients: Rich in carbohydrates, moderate protein, B-complex vitamins (Thiamine, Niacin), and dietary fiber.
📌 Functions:
- Main source of energy for the body.
- Provide bulk to the diet, aiding in digestion.
- Millets are also good sources of calcium and iron, beneficial in preventing anemia and supporting bone health.
📖 Note: Over-dependence on polished cereals like white rice can lead to micronutrient deficiencies.

🟨 2. Pulses and Legumes

📌 Examples: Lentils, Green Gram, Black Gram, Chickpeas, Kidney Beans, Soya Beans, Peas.
📌 Key Nutrients: High in proteins, iron, calcium, B-complex vitamins, and fiber.
📌 Functions:
- Serve as excellent body-building foods.
- Provide plant-based protein, especially valuable for vegetarians.
- Help in the prevention of protein-energy malnutrition.
- Rich in soluble fiber, helping to lower blood cholesterol levels.

🟧 3. Vegetables

📌 Types & Examples:
- Green Leafy Vegetables: Spinach, Fenugreek, Mustard Leaves.
- Root Vegetables: Carrot, Beetroot, Radish.
- Other Vegetables: Cabbage, Tomato, Bell Peppers, Bitter Gourd.
📌 Key Nutrients: Rich in vitamins (A, C, K), minerals (iron, calcium, potassium), antioxidants, and dietary fiber.
📌 Functions:
- Act as protective foods, enhancing immunity.
- Help prevent micronutrient deficiencies like anemia and night blindness.
- High fiber content aids in digestion and prevents constipation.

🟥 4. Nuts and Oilseeds

📌 Examples: Almonds, Walnuts, Cashews, Groundnuts, Sesame Seeds, Flaxseeds, Sunflower Seeds.
📌 Key Nutrients: Provide healthy fats, proteins, vitamin E, B-complex vitamins, minerals like zinc, magnesium, and calcium.
📌 Functions:
- High-energy foods that support heart health through unsaturated fatty acids.
- Contain antioxidants that protect against cellular damage.
- Essential for nerve function and healthy skin.

🟦 5. Fruits

📌 Examples: Apple, Banana, Mango, Orange, Guava, Papaya, Watermelon, Berries.
📌 Key Nutrients: Rich in vitamins (particularly Vitamin C and A), natural sugars, minerals (potassium, magnesium), antioxidants, and dietary fiber.
📌 Functions:
- Help strengthen the immune system and prevent deficiency diseases like scurvy.
- Aid in hydration and digestion.
- Their antioxidant properties help prevent chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease.

🟪 6. Animal Foods

📌 Examples: Milk and Dairy Products, Eggs, Meat, Poultry, Fish, Honey.
📌 Key Nutrients: High-quality proteins, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids.
📌 Functions:
- Provide complete proteins essential for tissue growth and repair.
- Important for bone health and prevention of osteoporosis due to high calcium content.
- Omega-3 fatty acids from fish improve heart health and brain development.
📖 Note: Excessive intake of red meat and animal fats can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

🟫 7. Fats and Oils

📌 Examples: Ghee, Butter, Mustard Oil, Groundnut Oil, Olive Oil, Coconut Oil.
📌 Key Nutrients: Rich in fats, essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), and fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K).
📌 Functions:
- Provide a concentrated source of energy (1 gram of fat provides 9 kcal).
- Essential for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
- Help in maintaining healthy skin and cell structure.
📖 Note: Preference should be given to unsaturated fats to prevent heart disease.

🌰 8. Sugar and Jaggery

📌 Examples: Table Sugar, Jaggery, Palm Sugar, Cane Sugar.
📌 Key Nutrients: Simple carbohydrates; Jaggery contains small amounts of iron and minerals.
📌 Functions:
- Provide quick energy for immediate body needs.
- Jaggery is traditionally used to prevent anemia and improve digestion.
📖 Note: Excessive consumption of sugar can lead to obesity and diabetes.

🧂 9. Condiments and Spices

📌 Examples: Turmeric, Black Pepper, Clove, Cardamom, Cumin, Ginger, Garlic, Cinnamon.
📌 Key Nutrients: Contain essential oils, antioxidants, and some trace minerals.
📌 Functions:
- Enhance flavor and aroma of food, making meals more palatable.
- Many have medicinal properties; for example, turmeric has anti-inflammatory effects, and ginger aids digestion.

🧃 10. Miscellaneous Foods

📌 Examples: Tea, Coffee, Soft Drinks, Pickles, Sauces, Vinegar, Chocolates.
📌 Functions:
- Used for taste, refreshment, and variety in the diet.
- Some items like tea and coffee have antioxidant properties but should be consumed in moderation.
📖 Note: Excessive intake of caffeinated beverages can interfere with iron absorption and cause dehydration.

📚 Golden One-Liners for Quick Revision:

Cereals and millets are primary sources of energy.
Pulses and legumes provide high-quality plant proteins.
Vegetables and fruits are protective foods rich in vitamins and minerals.
Fats and oils supply concentrated energy and essential fatty acids.
Condiments not only add flavor but also offer therapeutic benefits.

Published May 9, 2025By mynursingapp

Categorized as CHN-SYNOPSIS-PHC, Uncategorised