📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, RRB, GPSC, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community Health Nursing Exams
The National Health Programmes are government-initiated public health initiatives launched to control and prevent specific diseases or to promote overall health and well-being in India.
👉 These are centrally sponsored schemes under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW).
✔️ Control communicable and non-communicable diseases
✔️ Reduce mortality and morbidity
✔️ Improve maternal and child health
✔️ Ensure universal immunization
✔️ Promote nutrition and sanitation
✔️ Enhance health awareness and education
✔️ Provide accessible & affordable healthcare to all
| 🧪 Programme | 📝 Focus |
|---|---|
| NACP – National AIDS Control Programme | HIV/AIDS control & ART |
| RNTCP/NTEP – National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme | TB diagnosis & treatment |
| NVBDCP – National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme | Malaria, dengue, filariasis, etc. |
| National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) | Leprosy detection & MDT |
| IDSP – Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme | Early outbreak detection |
| ❤️ Programme | 📝 Focus |
|---|---|
| NPCDCS – Cancer, Diabetes, CVDs, Stroke | Early detection & lifestyle education |
| NTCP – National Tobacco Control Programme | Prevent tobacco use |
| NMHP – Mental Health | Community-based psychiatric services |
| NPHCE – Elderly Care | Geriatric clinics & rehab |
| 👶 Programme | 📝 Focus |
|---|---|
| RMNCH+A | Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child & adolescent health |
| JSY – Janani Suraksha Yojana | Promote institutional deliveries |
| JSSK – Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram | Free services for mother & baby |
| RKSK – Adolescent health | AFHCs, mental health, nutrition |
| RBSK – Child screening | 4Ds – Defects, Diseases, Deficiencies, Developmental delays |
| 🍲 Programme | 📝 Focus |
|---|---|
| UIP – Universal Immunization Programme | Routine childhood vaccines |
| Mission Indradhanush | Intensified immunization coverage |
| NNAPP – National Nutrition Anaemia Prophylaxis | IFA tablets & education |
| ICDS – Integrated Child Development Services | Supplementary nutrition, preschool education |
| 🧴 Programme | 📝 Focus |
|---|---|
| Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Rural & Urban) | Sanitation & hygiene |
| National Water Quality Monitoring | Safe drinking water |
| NSSK – Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram | Newborn resuscitation |
🟢 Educate community on disease prevention
🟢 Conduct screenings (BP, diabetes, anemia, etc.)
🟢 Ensure immunization and maternal care
🟢 Provide health education and counseling
🟢 Refer high-risk cases to PHC/CHC
🟢 Collect and maintain health data for reporting
🟨 NACP – HIV/AIDS control and ART distribution
🟨 RNTCP (Now NTEP) – Goal: Eliminate TB by 2025
🟨 JSY – Started in 2005 to promote safe delivery
🟨 Mission Indradhanush – Intensify vaccine coverage
🟨 NPHCE – Provides elderly care services at district level
Q1. Which programme is aimed at eliminating tuberculosis in India?
🅰️ NACP
✅ 🅱️ NTEP (Earlier RNTCP)
🅲️ NVBDCP
🅳️ RMNCH+A
Q2. What is the full form of RBSK?
🅰️ Rashtriya Bal Shakti Karyakram
🅱️ Rural Bal Suraksha Kendra
✅ 🅲️ Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram
🅳️ Reproductive Baby Screening Kendra
Q3. Which programme focuses on elderly healthcare?
🅰️ RKSK
🅱️ NPCDCS
✅ 🅲️ NPHCE
🅳️ RNTCP
Q4. What is the main focus of the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP)?
🅰️ Leprosy care
✅ 🅱️ Psychiatric illness care
🅲️ Malaria control
🅳️ Maternity services
Q5. Which programme provides free healthcare for mother and newborn?
🅰️ JSY
✅ 🅱️ JSSK
🅲️ RBSK
🅳️ NSSK
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community/Public Health Exams
The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) is a central health surveillance system in India that collects, analyzes, and interprets disease data to detect early warning signals of outbreaks and epidemics.
🗓️ Launched: 2004
🏛️ Implemented by: National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), MoHFW
🔄 Part of World Bank-supported initiatives for health system strengthening
✔️ Detect and respond to disease outbreaks early
✔️ Strengthen epidemiological capacity at all levels
✔️ Improve laboratory-based diagnosis of diseases
✔️ Enhance data management and analysis
✔️ Improve inter-sectoral coordination and communication
| 🔹 Component | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🧠 Surveillance Units | Set up at district, state, and national levels |
| 📅 Weekly Reporting | Syndromic, presumptive, and lab-confirmed data |
| 🧪 Laboratory Support | Strengthening labs for outbreak confirmation |
| 📢 EIS (Epidemic Intelligence Services) | For trained field epidemiologists |
| 📞 24×7 Media Scanning | Early warning signals from news and media |
| 🧑⚕️ Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) | Immediate outbreak investigation |
IDSP monitors 33 epidemic-prone diseases, including:
🦠 Cholera
🌡️ Dengue
🧫 Malaria
🤒 Typhoid
😷 Influenza
🧬 COVID-19 (added in recent years)
🪱 Leptospirosis
💉 Hepatitis
👶 Measles
🤕 Meningitis
| 🔍 Surveillance Type | 📝 Description |
|---|---|
| 🟠 Syndromic Surveillance (S) | Based on symptoms observed by paramedical staff |
| 🟡 Presumptive Surveillance (P) | Based on clinical diagnosis by doctors |
| 🔵 Laboratory Surveillance (L) | Based on lab-confirmed diagnosis |
🟢 Report suspected cases timely (especially for fever, diarrhea, rash, etc.)
🟢 Assist in active and passive surveillance
🟢 Collect and transport clinical samples
🟢 Participate in outbreak control and awareness
🟢 Maintain surveillance registers and weekly reports
🟢 Educate community on reportable diseases
🟨 IDSP launched in 2004 for epidemic surveillance
🟨 Implements S, P, and L-level surveillance
🟨 Works under NCDC with state and district surveillance units
🟨 Key aim: early detection & control of outbreaks
🟨 Monitors 33+ epidemic-prone diseases, now includes COVID-19
Q1. In which year was IDSP launched in India?
🅰️ 2002
✅ 🅱️ 2004
🅲️ 2005
🅳️ 2010
Q2. IDSP is managed by which central agency?
🅰️ ICMR
🅱️ AIIMS
✅ 🅲️ NCDC (National Centre for Disease Control)
🅳️ CBHI
Q3. Which of the following is a disease under IDSP surveillance?
🅰️ Cancer
🅱️ Fracture
✅ 🅲️ Dengue
🅳️ Hypertension
Q4. What is ‘Syndromic Surveillance’?
🅰️ Based on lab reports
✅ 🅱️ Based on symptoms observed
🅲️ Based on x-rays
🅳️ Based on prescriptions
Q5. What is the role of RRT under IDSP?
🅰️ Funding
🅱️ Research only
✅ 🅲️ Outbreak investigation
🅳️ IT support
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, RRB, GPSC, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community Health Nursing Exams
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is the central program under MoHFW to prevent and control vector-borne diseases in India.
🗓️ Launched: 2003 (by merging multiple disease-specific programs)
🏛️ Nodal Agency: Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), MoHFW
✔️ Reduce morbidity & mortality from vector-borne diseases
✔️ Provide early diagnosis & prompt treatment
✔️ Ensure effective vector control measures
✔️ Promote community awareness & participation
✔️ Strengthen surveillance and outbreak response
| 🦠 Disease | 🚫 Vector | 📍 Key States |
|---|---|---|
| Malaria | Female Anopheles mosquito | Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand |
| Dengue | Aedes aegypti mosquito | Urban/semi-urban areas |
| Chikungunya | Aedes aegypti mosquito | PAN India |
| Lymphatic Filariasis | Culex mosquito | Bihar, UP, Jharkhand |
| Kala-azar (Leishmaniasis) | Sandfly | Bihar, WB, UP, Jharkhand |
| Japanese Encephalitis (JE) | Culex mosquito | Assam, UP, Odisha |
🔹 Surveillance: Active & passive case detection
🔹 Early Diagnosis & Treatment: Use of RDT kits, ACT (Malaria)
🔹 Vector Control: Indoor residual spraying, fogging, larvicides
🔹 Mass Drug Administration (MDA): For filariasis
🔹 Insecticide-treated bed nets (LLINs): For malaria-endemic zones
🔹 Vaccination (JE): JE vaccine in endemic districts
🔹 IEC/BCC: Health education, behavior change campaigns
| 💉 Disease | 💊 Treatment |
|---|---|
| Malaria | ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapy) |
| Dengue/Chikungunya | Symptomatic (no specific antiviral) |
| Filariasis | DEC + Albendazole (annual dose) |
| Kala-azar | Miltefosine, Amphotericin-B |
| JE | Symptomatic + JE vaccine for prevention |
🟢 Identify and report suspected cases
🟢 Assist in RDT (Rapid Diagnostic Testing)
🟢 Distribute insecticide-treated bed nets
🟢 Support MDA campaigns (DEC + Albendazole)
🟢 Participate in indoor residual spray & fogging drives
🟢 Educate the public on vector control and hygiene
🟢 Encourage early diagnosis and hospital referral
🟨 NVBDCP launched in 2003 to merge disease-specific programs
🟨 Malaria vector: Female Anopheles, Dengue: Aedes aegypti
🟨 DEC + Albendazole = Combo for Lymphatic Filariasis
🟨 JE controlled through vaccination in endemic areas
🟨 LLINs = Long-lasting insecticidal nets to prevent malaria
Q1. NVBDCP was launched in which year?
🅰️ 1998
🅱️ 2000
✅ 🅲️ 2003
🅳️ 2010
Q2. What is the vector for Dengue?
🅰️ Anopheles
🅱️ Culex
✅ 🅲️ Aedes aegypti
🅳️ Sandfly
Q3. Which disease is controlled using DEC and Albendazole?
🅰️ Malaria
🅱️ Dengue
✅ 🅲️ Filariasis
🅳️ Kala-azar
Q4. What is the treatment of choice for uncomplicated malaria?
🅰️ Paracetamol
🅱️ Chloroquine
✅ 🅲️ ACT (Artemisinin Combination Therapy)
🅳️ Albendazole
Q5. Which state is most affected by Kala-azar?
🅰️ Gujarat
🅱️ Kerala
✅ 🅲️ Bihar
🅳️ Maharashtra
📌 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing, and Community Health Nursing Exams
The Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) was renamed as National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP) in 2020.
🎯 Aim: To eliminate TB from India by 2025, five years ahead of the global target of 2030 (WHO).
👥 TB is an airborne communicable disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
✔️ Detect all TB cases early and accurately
✔️ Ensure prompt & complete treatment with quality drugs
✔️ Prevent emergence of drug resistance
✔️ Reduce morbidity, mortality, and transmission
✔️ Support and monitor treatment adherence
| 🧩 Component | 📘 Details |
|---|---|
| 🧫 Case Finding | Active (community) + Passive (health facility) |
| 🔍 Diagnosis | CBNAAT, TrueNat, sputum microscopy |
| 💊 Treatment Regimen | Daily FDC (Fixed Dose Combination) as per weight |
| 📱 Nikshay Portal | Digital system for TB patient tracking |
| 👨⚕️ DOTS Strategy | Directly Observed Treatment – short-course |
| 💉 Drug Resistance Mgmt | MDR, XDR TB diagnosis & treatment units |
| 🧠 IEC/BCC | Behavior change and TB awareness campaigns |
🔹 Intensive Phase (IP): 8 weeks
🔹 Continuation Phase (CP): 16 weeks
🔹 Drugs Used: HRZE (Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol)
🔹 For MDR-TB: Bedaquiline, Delamanid, Linezolid, etc.
🟢 TB-free India by 2025
🟢 Achieve 80% reduction in TB incidence rate
🟢 Achieve 90% treatment success rate
🟢 Provide nutritional and financial support (Nikshay Poshan Yojana)
| 💰 Scheme | 📌 Details |
|---|---|
| Nikshay Poshan Yojana | ₹500/month to TB patients for nutrition |
| Private Provider Interface | Encourage private reporting and management |
| Community DOT Providers | Link workers/ASHAs involved in directly observed therapy |
| TB Preventive Therapy (TPT) | Isoniazid given to high-risk contacts |
🟢 Identify and refer suspected TB cases
🟢 Collect and transport sputum samples
🟢 Administer DOT and monitor adherence
🟢 Educate about cough hygiene and nutrition
🟢 Follow-up for defaulter tracking
🟢 Maintain patient records via Nikshay App
🟨 RNTCP renamed to NTEP in 2020
🟨 TB target elimination year = 2025 (India)
🟨 Diagnosis: CBNAAT and TrueNat
🟨 Treatment: Daily FDC under DOTS
🟨 Financial support: ₹500/month under Nikshay Poshan Yojana
Q1. What is the new name of RNTCP?
🅰️ NTCP
🅱️ NPCDCS
✅ 🅲️ NTEP
🅳️ NMHP
Q2. What is the TB elimination target year in India?
🅰️ 2030
✅ 🅱️ 2025
🅲️ 2022
🅳️ 2040
Q3. Which test is commonly used for rapid TB diagnosis?
🅰️ VDRL
✅ 🅱️ CBNAAT
🅲️ ELISA
🅳️ Widal
Q4. Nikshay Poshan Yojana provides what benefit?
🅰️ Insurance
🅱️ Travel allowance
✅ 🅲️ ₹500/month nutrition support
🅳️ Free education
Q5. Which strategy ensures directly observed treatment?
🅰️ NACP
🅱️ RMNCH+A
✅ 🅲️ DOTS
🅳️ UIP
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
The National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) is a centrally sponsored health program initiated by the Government of India to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem.
🗓️ Launched: 1955 as NLCP → renamed to NLEP in 1983
🎯 Goal: Achieve elimination of leprosy (defined as <1 case per 10,000 population)
🦠 A chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae
🩻 Affects skin, peripheral nerves, eyes, and mucous membranes
🚶♂️ Transmitted via prolonged close contact (not hereditary)
✔️ Early case detection & complete treatment with MDT
✔️ Prevent disability and deformity
✔️ Reduce stigma and discrimination
✔️ Promote awareness and community involvement
✔️ Strengthen leprosy services at all levels
| 🧍♂️ Type of Leprosy | 💊 Treatment (WHO-MDT) |
|---|---|
| PB – Paucibacillary | Rifampicin + Dapsone × 6 months |
| MB – Multibacillary | Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine × 12 months |
📌 Treatment is completely free and available at all public health facilities.
🔹 Active Case Finding (ACF) in vulnerable populations
🔹 Single Dose Rifampicin (SDR) for contacts
🔹 LEC Campaigns – Leprosy Case Detection Campaigns
🔹 IEC/BCC – Reduce stigma, promote early reporting
🔹 Disability Prevention & Rehabilitation
🔹 Integration with General Health Services
🔹 Nikusth – National online leprosy reporting system
🟢 Identify early symptoms – skin patches, loss of sensation
🟢 Ensure regular drug intake and follow-up
🟢 Support in case detection campaigns (LEC)
🟢 Educate on hygiene and self-care for ulcer prevention
🟢 Refer deformity cases to higher centers
🟢 Maintain patient data in Nikusth portal
🔸 Light-colored or reddish skin patches
🔸 Numbness or tingling in hands/feet
🔸 Thickened peripheral nerves
🔸 Muscle weakness or claw hand
🔸 Recurrent non-healing ulcers
🟨 NLEP aims for <1 case per 10,000 population
🟨 Leprosy is caused by Mycobacterium leprae
🟨 Treatment includes Rifampicin, Dapsone, Clofazimine
🟨 Nikusth is India’s online leprosy case tracking system
🟨 LEC campaigns help in active detection of new cases
Q1. What is the full form of NLEP?
🅰️ National Leprosy Elimination Project
🅱️ National Leprosy Education Programme
✅ 🅲️ National Leprosy Eradication Programme
🅳️ None of the above
Q2. Leprosy is caused by:
🅰️ Mycobacterium tuberculosis
✅ 🅱️ Mycobacterium leprae
🅲️ Treponema pallidum
🅳️ Bacillus anthracis
Q3. What is the standard treatment for Multibacillary leprosy?
🅰️ Dapsone only
🅱️ Rifampicin + Isoniazid
✅ 🅲️ Rifampicin + Dapsone + Clofazimine
🅳️ Tetracycline
Q4. What is ‘Nikusth’ used for?
🅰️ TB Reporting
🅱️ Polio Data
✅ 🅲️ Leprosy Surveillance
🅳️ COVID Vaccination
Q5. What is the main aim of LEC (Leprosy Elimination Campaign)?
🅰️ Cure of leprosy
✅ 🅱️ Early detection of hidden leprosy cases
🅲️ Blood donation
🅳️ Cataract surgery
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
The Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is one of the largest public health programs in the world, launched to protect children and pregnant women from vaccine-preventable diseases.
🗓️ Launched: 1985
🔁 Earlier known as Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) (1978)
✔️ Reduce childhood mortality and morbidity
✔️ Prevent vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs)
✔️ Provide free vaccination to all eligible beneficiaries
✔️ Ensure universal access through outreach and awareness
✔️ Maintain cold chain and logistics for vaccine integrity
🍼 All infants (0–1 year)
🤰 All pregnant women
👧 Children up to 5 years (for some boosters)
👦 Adolescents (Td doses at 10 & 16 years)
| 💉 Disease | 📌 Vaccine Used |
|---|---|
| Tuberculosis | BCG |
| Diphtheria | Pentavalent, DPT, Td |
| Pertussis (Whooping Cough) | DPT, Pentavalent |
| Tetanus | DPT, Td |
| Poliomyelitis | OPV, IPV |
| Measles | MR (Measles-Rubella) |
| Hepatitis B | Pentavalent |
| Haemophilus Influenzae type B | Pentavalent |
| Rotavirus Diarrhea | Rotavirus vaccine |
| Pneumonia | PCV (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) |
| Japanese Encephalitis (JE) | JE vaccine (in endemic states) |
| Rubella | MR vaccine |
| 👶 Age | 💉 Vaccine |
|---|---|
| At birth | BCG, OPV-0, Hepatitis B-0 |
| 6, 10, 14 weeks | Pentavalent (1–3), OPV (1–3), Rotavirus, IPV |
| 9–12 months | MR-1, JE-1, Vitamin A (1st dose) |
| 16–24 months | DPT b1, OPV b1, MR-2, JE-2, Vitamin A booster |
| 5–6 years | DPT booster-2 |
| 10 & 16 years | Td vaccine |
| During pregnancy | Td-1, Td-2 |
🧊 Maintains vaccine potency from manufacturer to recipient.
Key Equipment:
🔹 ILR (Ice Lined Refrigerator)
🔹 Deep Freezer
🔹 Cold Box
🔹 Vaccine Carrier
🔹 Ice Packs
✅ PCV – for pneumonia (2017)
✅ Rotavirus Vaccine – for diarrhea
✅ MR Vaccine – to eliminate measles & rubella
✅ IPV – Injectable polio vaccine (with OPV)
🟢 Administer vaccines safely & accurately
🟢 Maintain immunization registers & reports
🟢 Ensure cold chain maintenance
🟢 Educate mothers on immunization schedule
🟢 Identify & manage adverse events following immunization (AEFI)
🟢 Conduct outreach sessions and support Mission Indradhanush
🟨 UIP launched in 1985, expanded from EPI (1978)
🟨 Targets 12+ vaccine-preventable diseases
🟨 BCG, OPV-0, Hep B-0 given at birth
🟨 Mission Indradhanush (2014) aims to boost full immunization coverage
🟨 Cold chain uses ILR, Cold Box, Vaccine Carrier for vaccine storage
Q1. Which year was the Universal Immunization Programme launched?
🅰️ 1978
🅱️ 1992
✅ 🅲️ 1985
🅳️ 2000
Q2. Which vaccine is given at birth under UIP?
🅰️ DPT
✅ 🅱️ BCG
🅲️ Measles
🅳️ Rotavirus
Q3. Td vaccine is given at what ages under UIP?
🅰️ 1 & 2 years
🅱️ 5 & 10 years
✅ 🅲️ 10 & 16 years
🅳️ At birth only
Q4. What is the main purpose of cold chain equipment in UIP?
🅰️ To transport patients
✅ 🅱️ To preserve vaccine potency
🅲️ To freeze food
🅳️ To refrigerate IV fluids
Q5. What does the pentavalent vaccine protect against?
🅰️ 2 diseases
🅱️ 3 diseases
✅ 🅲️ 5 diseases
🅳️ 6 diseases
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community Health Nursing Exams
The National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP) was launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) to reduce the health and economic burden of tobacco use in India.
🗓️ Launched: 2007–08 (11th Five Year Plan)
🏛️ Implemented under: National Health Mission (NHM)
🎯 Based on the Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), 2003
✔️ Prevent initiation of tobacco use, especially among youth
✔️ Promote cessation (quitting) of tobacco use
✔️ Protect people from second-hand smoke exposure
✔️ Raise awareness about harmful effects of tobacco
✔️ Ensure effective enforcement of tobacco control laws
✔️ Build capacity of healthcare workers for tobacco cessation
| 🧩 Component | 📝 Details |
|---|---|
| 📢 IEC/BCC Activities | Mass media campaigns, awareness rallies |
| 🏫 School Programs | Tobacco-free school initiatives |
| 🧠 Tobacco Cessation Services | Counselling at district hospitals, PHCs |
| 🧑⚖️ COTPA Enforcement | Ban on smoking in public, sale to minors |
| 📊 Monitoring & Research | GATS survey, local surveillance data |
🔹 Ban on smoking in public places
🔹 Ban on advertisements of tobacco products
🔹 Prohibition on sale to minors (<18 years)
🔹 Ban on sale within 100 yards of educational institutions
🔹 Health warnings on tobacco packaging
🔹 Pictorial warning covering 85% of tobacco pack
🟢 Educate patients and community on dangers of smoking/chewing tobacco
🟢 Counsel tobacco users for quitting (behavioral + pharmacological)
🟢 Support school awareness programs
🟢 Identify signs of oral cancer, respiratory illness due to tobacco
🟢 Help implement and enforce COTPA rules locally
🟢 Record data for NTCP reports at PHC/CHC level
🟨 NTCP was launched in 2007–08 to reduce tobacco use
🟨 Main law: COTPA 2003
🟨 Sale of tobacco to persons <18 years is banned
🟨 Tobacco packaging must have 85% pictorial warnings
🟨 NTCP promotes cessation clinics and public awareness
Q1. In which year was the National Tobacco Control Programme launched?
🅰️ 2005
✅ 🅱️ 2007–08
🅲️ 2010
🅳️ 2003
Q2. What is the full form of COTPA?
🅰️ Control of Tobacco Act
✅ 🅱️ Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act
🅲️ Central Oral Tobacco Prohibition Act
🅳️ None of the above
Q3. What percentage of tobacco pack must be covered by health warning?
🅰️ 50%
🅱️ 65%
✅ 🅲️ 85%
🅳️ 25%
Q4. Who is prohibited from purchasing tobacco under COTPA?
🅰️ Smokers
✅ 🅱️ Minors under 18 years
🅲️ Elderly
🅳️ Women only
Q5. Under NTCP, which of the following is NOT true?
🅰️ Promotes cessation services
🅱️ Enforces smoking ban
✅ 🅲️ Promotes tobacco farming
🅳️ Conducts awareness programs
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community Health Nursing Exams
The National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB) was launched in 1976, and later renamed in 2017 as:
➡️ National Programme for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment (NPCB & VI)
🎯 Goal: To reduce the prevalence of blindness in India to 0.25% by 2025
✔️ Reduce the burden of avoidable blindness
✔️ Strengthen eye care infrastructure at all levels
✔️ Promote free cataract surgeries
✔️ Provide school eye screening
✔️ Integrate preventive, promotive & curative services
✔️ Conduct public awareness and screening camps
🔹 Blindness prevalence in 2001: 1.1%
🔹 Target for 2025: ↓ to 0.25%
🔹 Major causes:
• Cataract (~60%)
• Refractive errors
• Glaucoma
• Corneal blindness
• Diabetic retinopathy
| 🩺 Service | 📌 Details |
|---|---|
| 👁️ Free Cataract Surgery | At DH/CHC/PHC and NGOs |
| 🔎 School Eye Screening | Vision check & free specs |
| 🏥 Strengthening Eye Wards | DHs & Medical Colleges |
| 👓 Distribution of Spectacles | To school children & elderly |
| 👨🏫 IEC Campaigns | Awareness for eye donation & prevention |
| 💉 Vitamin A Supplementation | To prevent childhood blindness |
🔹 Cataract
🔹 Refractive errors
🔹 Childhood blindness
🔹 Corneal opacity
🔹 Glaucoma
🔹 Diabetic Retinopathy
🔹 Trachoma (in endemic areas)
| 📍 Level | 💼 Service |
|---|---|
| Sub Centre / PHC | Basic screening |
| CHC / SDH | Vision testing, referral |
| District Hospital | Cataract surgery, spectacles |
| Eye Banks | Cornea collection & transplantation |
🟢 Screen patients with visual complaints
🟢 Assist in eye camps and school screening
🟢 Educate public on eye hygiene & blindness prevention
🟢 Counsel patients on post-op eye care
🟢 Support in distributing spectacles
🟢 Refer for surgical or advanced care
🟨 NPCB launched in 1976, renamed in 2017
🟨 Goal: Reduce blindness to 0.25% by 2025
🟨 Cataract is the most common cause of blindness
🟨 Free spectacles for schoolchildren with poor vision
🟨 School Eye Screening is a major activity under NPCB
Q1. What is the new name of NPCB after 2017?
🅰️ National Blindness Eradication Mission
🅱️ Visual Health Programme
✅ 🅲️ National Programme for Control of Blindness & Visual Impairment
🅳️ None of the above
Q2. What is the current target for blindness prevalence by 2025?
🅰️ 0.50%
✅ 🅱️ 0.25%
🅲️ 1.0%
🅳️ 2.0%
Q3. Which is the leading cause of blindness in India?
🅰️ Glaucoma
✅ 🅱️ Cataract
🅲️ Diabetic Retinopathy
🅳️ Retinoblastoma
Q4. Which of the following is a key activity under NPCB?
🅰️ Leprosy screening
🅱️ TB testing
✅ 🅲️ School eye screening
🅳️ Oral cancer detection
Q5. What service is provided free to children under NPCB?
🅰️ Dental checkup
🅱️ TB medicine
✅ 🅲️ Spectacles
🅳️ Protein supplement
📘 Important for NHM, NORCET, AIIMS, RRB, GPSC, Emergency Nursing & Public Health Exams
The NPPMBI was launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) in 2010–11 to provide comprehensive care for burn injury patients across India.
🎯 Focus: Prevention, emergency care, and rehabilitation of burn victims.
✔️ Prevent burn injuries through awareness and education
✔️ Establish specialized burn care units at all levels
✔️ Provide timely treatment and rehabilitation
✔️ Train healthcare providers in burn care and first aid
✔️ Strengthen referral linkages for emergency burn cases
| 🔹 Component | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🏥 Infrastructure | Burn units in Medical Colleges, DHs & CHCs |
| 👩⚕️ Training | Medical officers, nurses, paramedics |
| 📢 IEC Activities | Safety campaigns (e.g., gas safety, Diwali safety) |
| 🧑🦽 Rehabilitation | Physiotherapy, plastic surgery, counseling |
| 🚑 Referral Linkages | From PHC → CHC → District → Tertiary center |
| 🏛️ Facility | 💼 Services |
|---|---|
| Primary (CHCs) | First aid, referral |
| Secondary (DHs) | Dressing, stabilization |
| Tertiary (Medical Colleges) | Surgery, ICU care, rehab |
🟢 Initial first aid (cooling, dressing)
🟢 Monitor fluid and electrolyte balance
🟢 Provide emotional and psychological support
🟢 Prevent infection and promote wound healing
🟢 Educate on burn prevention at home/work
🟨 Launched in 2010–11 by MoHFW
🟨 Aims to reduce mortality, morbidity, and disability from burns
🟨 Covers prevention → treatment → rehab
🟨 Promotes awareness campaigns and IEC activities
Q. NPPMBI was launched in which year?
🅰️ 2005
🅱️ 2008
✅ 🅲️ 2010–11
🅳️ 2014
The National Trauma Care Programme aims to provide organized and time-sensitive care to accident and trauma victims, especially from road traffic accidents, which are a major cause of death in India.
🎯 Goal: Reduce death & disability due to trauma by timely emergency care.
✔️ Strengthen trauma care facilities at various levels
✔️ Train doctors, nurses, and paramedics in ATLS/BTLS
✔️ Establish dedicated trauma centers on highways
✔️ Develop ambulance and referral systems
✔️ Promote public awareness on accident prevention
| 🚑 Component | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🏥 Trauma Care Centres | Level I to IV centers at hospitals |
| 📱 Emergency Response | 108 ambulance services, helpline |
| 👨⚕️ Training Modules | ATLS, BLS, First Responder programs |
| 📈 Data Systems | Trauma Registry & surveillance |
| 🎓 Skill Development | Emergency nursing, triage, pre-hospital care |
| 🩺 Level | 📝 Function |
|---|---|
| Level I | Super-specialty trauma unit (tertiary care) |
| Level II | Surgery, ICU, ortho, CT scan facilities |
| Level III | Emergency & surgical stabilization |
| Level IV | Basic first aid, stabilization, referral |
🟢 Triage patients based on injury severity
🟢 Administer first aid and life-saving measures
🟢 Assist in emergency surgeries
🟢 Monitor vitals, fluid balance, pain management
🟢 Psychological support to victims and families
🟨 NTCP addresses accidents and trauma cases
🟨 Trauma centers are graded from Level I to IV
🟨 Includes training of paramedics and nurses
🟨 108 ambulance system supports trauma response
Q. What is the primary aim of the National Trauma Care Programme?
🅰️ Treat diabetes
✅ 🅱️ Reduce injury-related deaths
🅲️ Provide eye surgeries
🅳️ Treat malnutrition
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
NOTTO is a national-level organization set up under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, to regulate, coordinate, and promote organ and tissue donation and transplantation.
🗓️ Established: 2014
🏛️ Based at: Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
📜 Operates under: Transplantation of Human Organs Act (THOA), 1994 (amended 2011)
✔️ Regulate organ and tissue donation & transplantation in India
✔️ Maintain a national registry of donors and recipients
✔️ Ensure equity and transparency in organ allocation
✔️ Promote awareness and education on organ donation
✔️ Train healthcare professionals for ethical transplantation practices
| 🏛️ Level | 🏥 Organization |
|---|---|
| National Level | NOTTO |
| Regional Level | ROTTO – Regional Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization |
| State Level | SOTTO – State Organ & Tissue Transplant Organization |
| Hospital Level | Transplant/Non-transplant Hospitals |
| 🧑⚕️ Donation Type | 📝 Explanation |
|---|---|
| Living Donation | Family members donate kidney/liver |
| Deceased Donation | After brainstem death (organ retrieval from ventilated patient) |
| Tissue Donation | Cornea, skin, bones, heart valves, etc. even after cardiac death |
| 🫀 Organs | 🧬 Tissues |
|---|---|
| Kidney, Liver, Heart, Lungs | Cornea, Skin, Heart valves, Bone, Tendons |
| Pancreas, Intestine | Blood vessels, Cartilage |
🔹 Maintain National Waitlist and Registry
🔹 Ensure fair allocation of donated organs
🔹 Coordinate between donor hospitals and recipients
🔹 Promote public education campaigns (e.g., Organ Donation Day – 13th August)
🔹 Conduct training of transplant coordinators & clinicians
🔹 Monitor compliance with ethical/legal protocols
🟢 Educate public and patients about organ donation
🟢 Identify potential brain death cases for referral
🟢 Provide pre- and post-operative care to organ recipients
🟢 Support grieving families in deceased donation process
🟢 Maintain infection control and ethical care during transplant
🟢 Assist transplant team in counseling, documentation, follow-up
🟨 NOTTO was established in 2014 under THOA Act
🟨 Located at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
🟨 Promotes deceased and living organ donation
🟨 Coordinates with ROTTO & SOTTO for national registry
🟨 Organ Donation Day is celebrated on 13th August
Q1. In which year was NOTTO established?
🅰️ 2010
🅱️ 2005
✅ 🅲️ 2014
🅳️ 2000
Q2. What does NOTTO stand for?
🅰️ National Organ Transplant Team Organization
✅ 🅱️ National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization
🅲️ National Organ Therapy and Transplant Office
🅳️ None of the above
Q3. Under which act does NOTTO operate?
🅰️ MTP Act
🅱️ Indian Medical Council Act
✅ 🅲️ Transplantation of Human Organs Act (THOA), 1994
🅳️ Biomedical Waste Rules
Q4. Which organ can be donated after brain death?
🅰️ Hair
🅱️ Skin
✅ 🅲️ Heart
🅳️ Teeth
Q5. Organ Donation Day in India is celebrated on:
🅰️ 5th June
✅ 🅱️ 13th August
🅲️ 15th October
🅳️ 1st December
📘 Useful for NHM, NORCET, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community Health Nursing Exams
The National Oral Health Programme (NOHP) was launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India to improve the oral health status of the Indian population through preventive, promotive, and curative services.
🗓️ Launched: 2014
📌 Implemented under: National Health Mission (NHM)
🎯 Motto: “Swachh Munh, Swasth Jeevan” (Clean Mouth, Healthy Life)
✔️ Prevent and control oral diseases like dental caries, gingivitis, periodontitis
✔️ Provide accessible, affordable, and quality dental care
✔️ Promote oral hygiene awareness in rural and urban areas
✔️ Train healthcare workers and school teachers in oral health education
✔️ Integrate oral health with general health systems
| 🏥 Component | 📘 Details |
|---|---|
| 🦷 Oral Health Units | Established at District Hospitals |
| 📢 IEC/BCC Activities | Community awareness, school-based education |
| 👨⚕️ Manpower Training | Dentists, health workers, ASHA/ANMs |
| 🪥 Preventive Dentistry | Fluoride application, sealants, oral exams |
| 🧒 School Oral Health Programmes | Daily brushing, early detection |
| 📲 Oral Health Surveillance | Monitoring through Health Management Information System (HMIS) |
🔸 Dental caries (tooth decay)
🔸 Periodontal disease (gum disease)
🔸 Oral cancer
🔸 Malocclusion
🔸 Tooth loss
🔸 Bad breath and stained teeth
✅ Orientation for school teachers
✅ Distribution of dental hygiene kits
✅ Tooth brushing demos
✅ Early referral of suspected dental issues
✅ Counseling for children and parents
🟢 Conduct community oral health awareness
🟢 Assist in school dental screenings
🟢 Teach brushing techniques and oral hygiene
🟢 Refer patients with cavities, ulcers, or pain
🟢 Help in IEC/BCC material distribution
🟢 Support oral health units in record-keeping
🟨 NOHP launched in 2014 under NHM
🟨 Focuses on prevention, education, and dental care
🟨 Oral Health Units set up at District Hospitals
🟨 Promotes school-based oral hygiene activities
🟨 Integrated with general health services
Q1. In which year was the National Oral Health Programme launched?
🅰️ 2010
✅ 🅱️ 2014
🅲️ 2005
🅳️ 2020
Q2. What is the main goal of NOHP?
🅰️ Provide spectacles
🅱️ Prevent TB
✅ 🅲️ Improve oral health
🅳️ Offer free surgeries
Q3. Under which mission is NOHP implemented?
🅰️ Digital India
🅱️ RMNCH+A
✅ 🅲️ National Health Mission (NHM)
🅳️ Mid-Day Meal Scheme
Q4. Which oral disease is most common in school children?
🅰️ Asthma
✅ 🅱️ Dental caries
🅲️ Glaucoma
🅳️ Tonsillitis
Q5. “Swachh Munh, Swasth Jeevan” is the slogan of which programme?
🅰️ NPCDCS
🅱️ NTCP
✅ 🅲️ NOHP
🅳️ NPHCE
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
The NPPCF was launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) to tackle the public health problem of fluorosis, caused by excess fluoride in drinking water.
🗓️ Launched: 2008–09
🏥 Implemented under: National Health Mission (NHM)
🎯 Focus: Detection, prevention, and management of fluorosis
🦠 A crippling disease caused by long-term ingestion of fluoride in amounts higher than recommended (safe limit: ≤ 1.5 mg/L by WHO).
| 🚨 Types of Fluorosis | 🔍 Key Features |
|---|---|
| Dental Fluorosis | Brown/yellow spots on teeth |
| Skeletal Fluorosis | Joint stiffness, pain, spinal deformity |
| Non-skeletal Fluorosis | Gastro, muscular, and neurological symptoms |
✔️ Identify and map fluorosis-affected areas
✔️ Provide safe drinking water alternatives
✔️ Prevent further exposure to excess fluoride
✔️ Educate communities about fluoride toxicity
✔️ Strengthen diagnosis and management services
✔️ Promote inter-sectoral coordination (Health + Water + Sanitation)
| 🩺 Service | 📌 Details |
|---|---|
| 🧪 Water quality monitoring | Identify high-fluoride areas |
| 🏥 Fluorosis diagnostic facilities | X-ray, urine fluoride test |
| 💊 Medical management | Pain relief, calcium + vitamin D3 |
| 🚰 Alternative safe water | RO plants, defluoridation units |
| 📢 Health education & IEC | School & community campaigns |
| 🏥 Level | 📋 Role |
|---|---|
| District Hospitals | Diagnostic centers, physiotherapy |
| CHCs/PHCs | Early detection, referral |
| Community Outreach | IEC/BCC, school-based awareness |
🟢 Screen for signs of dental & skeletal fluorosis
🟢 Educate about safe water usage and storage
🟢 Promote milk, calcium-rich foods, and supplements
🟢 Refer severe cases for orthopedic management
🟢 Support IEC/BCC activities in affected villages
🟢 Help in surveillance and data collection
🟨 NPPCF was launched in 2008–09
🟨 Safe fluoride level in water = ≤ 1.5 mg/L (WHO)
🟨 Brown-spotted teeth = Dental fluorosis
🟨 Joint pain & stiffness = Skeletal fluorosis
🟨 Programme focuses on prevention + water safety + awareness
Q1. When was the NPPCF launched in India?
🅰️ 2005
✅ 🅱️ 2008–09
🅲️ 2012
🅳️ 1997
Q2. What is the main cause of fluorosis?
🅰️ Iron deficiency
🅱️ Air pollution
✅ 🅲️ High fluoride in drinking water
🅳️ Malaria parasite
Q3. What is the safe limit of fluoride in water as per WHO?
🅰️ 5 mg/L
🅱️ 2.0 mg/L
✅ 🅲️ 1.5 mg/L
🅳️ 0.5 mg/L
Q4. Which food is recommended to manage fluorosis?
🅰️ High salt foods
🅱️ Sugary drinks
✅ 🅲️ Calcium-rich foods (like milk)
🅳️ Spicy food
Q5. What is a visible sign of dental fluorosis?
🅰️ Red gums
✅ 🅱️ Yellow/Brown teeth stains
🅲️ Black tongue
🅳️ Tooth ulcers
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community/Public Health Nursing Exams
| 📘 Programme | 🗓️ Launched | 👥 Target Population | 🏙️ Area of Focus |
|---|---|---|---|
| NRHM | 2005 | Rural population | Rural health system |
| NUHM | 2013 | Urban poor & slum dwellers | Urban health system |
| NHM | 2013 | Entire population | Integration of NRHM + NUHM |
🗓️ Launched: 2005
🎯 Goal: Provide accessible, affordable, and quality healthcare to the rural population, especially vulnerable groups
🗓️ Launched: 2013
🎯 Goal: Provide essential primary healthcare to urban poor including slum dwellers, homeless, migrants
🗓️ Launched: 2013
🎯 Goal: Provide universal access to equitable, affordable and quality healthcare to all
👉 NHM = NRHM + NUHM
🟢 Health promotion & education
🟢 Immunization & family planning
🟢 Maternal and newborn care (ANC, PNC, institutional delivery)
🟢 Home visits, community-based care
🟢 NCD screening, referral & follow-up
🟢 Maintain health records and reports
🟨 NRHM launched in 2005 for rural health
🟨 NUHM launched in 2013 for urban poor health
🟨 NHM integrates NRHM + NUHM under one umbrella
🟨 ASHA is a key community link worker under NRHM
🟨 NHM promotes universal health coverage
Q1. When was the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) launched?
🅰️ 2010
✅ 🅱️ 2005
🅲️ 2013
🅳️ 2000
Q2. Which programme focuses on urban slum populations?
🅰️ NRHM
✅ 🅱️ NUHM
🅲️ JSY
🅳️ NACP
Q3. What is the full form of NHM?
🅰️ National Hygiene Mission
🅱️ National Hospital Mission
✅ 🅲️ National Health Mission
🅳️ National Hepatitis Mission
Q4. What is the name of the female community health worker under NRHM?
🅰️ ANM
🅱️ Staff Nurse
✅ 🅲️ ASHA
🅳️ MPW
Q5. NHM was launched in which year?
🅰️ 2005
✅ 🅱️ 2013
🅲️ 2015
🅳️ 2008
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Public Health Nursing Exams
The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) is a centrally sponsored scheme by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
🗓️ Launched: 2006
🎯 Aim: To correct the regional imbalances in tertiary healthcare services and enhance medical education capacity across India.
✔️ Strengthen tertiary healthcare infrastructure
✔️ Establish new AIIMS-like institutions across underserved regions
✔️ Upgrade existing Government Medical Colleges (GMCs)
✔️ Provide affordable super-specialty care
✔️ Enhance medical education and training opportunities
✅ High-quality tertiary healthcare institutes
✅ Autonomous bodies under MoHFW
✅ Provide super-specialty services, medical education & research
🔹 AIIMS Institutes set up under PMSSY (as of 2024):
AIIMS Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Jodhpur, Patna, Raipur, Rishikesh, and many more new AIIMS across India
✅ Addition of super-specialty departments
✅ Strengthen infrastructure, ICU, trauma care, diagnostics
✅ Fund sharing: Central:State = 90:10 (NE & Hill states), 60:40 (others)
| 🏗️ Focus Area | 📌 Details |
|---|---|
| New AIIMS Institutes | 22 announced (many operational) |
| Super-Specialty Expansion | Cardiothoracic, Neurology, Oncology, etc. |
| Medical Education Strengthening | More PG seats, modern equipment |
| Affordable Healthcare | Services to underserved & rural regions |
| Regional Equity | Reduce travel burden for critical care |
🟢 Training in super-specialty nursing care
🟢 Participate in research, skill labs in AIIMS
🟢 Provide tertiary-level nursing care in upgraded GMCs
🟢 Involve in teaching and mentoring junior staff
🟢 Support critical care, transplant, and advanced units
🟨 PMSSY launched in 2006 to reduce regional imbalances in tertiary care
🟨 Under PMSSY, new AIIMS are established across India
🟨 Existing GMCs are upgraded to provide super-specialty services
🟨 PMSSY supports affordable quality care + medical education
🟨 Funded by MoHFW, with state sharing pattern
Q1. In which year was PMSSY launched?
🅰️ 2000
✅ 🅱️ 2006
🅲️ 2010
🅳️ 2015
Q2. What is the main goal of PMSSY?
🅰️ Promote herbal medicine
✅ 🅱️ Strengthen tertiary healthcare and medical education
🅲️ Only fund private hospitals
🅳️ None of the above
Q3. Which institutions are created under PMSSY?
🅰️ IITs
🅱️ IIMs
✅ 🅲️ AIIMS
🅳️ NITs
Q4. PMSSY also upgrades which of the following?
🅰️ Private nursing homes
✅ 🅱️ Government Medical Colleges
🅲️ Homeopathy clinics
🅳️ Ayurvedic shops
Q5. Fund sharing for NE & Hill states under PMSSY is:
🅰️ 50:50
🅱️ 70:30
✅ 🅲️ 90:10
🅳️ 100% Central
📘 Ayushman Bharat Scheme – India’s Largest Government Health Assurance Program
PM-JAY was launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) under Ayushman Bharat to provide financial protection for secondary and tertiary healthcare to poor and vulnerable families.
🗓️ Launched: 23rd September 2018
🏥 Under: National Health Authority (NHA), NHM
🎯 Focus: Cashless hospitalization, reducing out-of-pocket health expenditure
| 🏷️ Feature | 📌 Details |
|---|---|
| 💰 Coverage Amount | ₹5 lakh per family per year |
| 👨👩👧👦 Family Size | No cap on family size, age, or gender |
| 🏥 Type of Care | Secondary & tertiary care (hospitalization) |
| 📄 Mode | Cashless, paperless via Ayushman card |
| 🔍 Identification | SECC-2011 data-based eligibility |
| 🏛️ Empanelled Units | Both public and private hospitals |
✔️ Provide financial protection against catastrophic health costs
✔️ Ensure access to quality healthcare services for poor & needy
✔️ Promote universal health coverage (UHC)
✔️ Strengthen infrastructure in health sector
✔️ Encourage public-private partnerships
| 🩺 Service | 📋 Details |
|---|---|
| 🏨 Hospitalization Coverage | Inpatient, pre (3 days) & post (15 days) hospitalization expenses |
| 💊 Medical Management | Medicines, ICU, diagnostics, OT, implants |
| 📃 No Pre-payment | Beneficiary doesn’t pay during treatment |
| 🛌 Cashless Treatment | Available at empanelled hospitals |
| 🧾 e-Card Generation | Through CSC, empanelled hospital, or PM-JAY help desk |
| 🏥 Level | 🧾 Role |
|---|---|
| 🟦 District Hospitals | Empanelment, high-end procedures |
| 🟩 CHCs/PHCs | Beneficiary awareness, screening |
| 🟨 Community | e-card generation, IEC/BCC activities |
| 🟧 Call Center/Helpline | Grievance redressal, information support |
🟢 Help in screening eligible families
🟢 Guide patients on accessing empanelled hospitals
🟢 Educate community on e-card registration & use
🟢 Support discharge, follow-up, and IEC activities
🟢 Act as link between community & healthcare system
🟢 Aid in grievance redressal and documentation
🟨 PM-JAY launched in 2018 under Ayushman Bharat
🟨 ₹5 lakh per family per year – secondary & tertiary care
🟨 Eligibility based on SECC-2011 data
🟨 Cashless & paperless care using Ayushman card
🟨 Implemented under NHM via National Health Authority (NHA)
Q1. When was the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana launched?
🅰️ 2016
🅱️ 2010
✅ 🅲️ 2018
🅳️ 2020
Q2. What is the annual coverage provided under PM-JAY?
🅰️ ₹2 lakh
🅱️ ₹3 lakh
✅ 🅲️ ₹5 lakh
🅳️ ₹1 lakh
Q3. What type of healthcare services are covered under PM-JAY?
🅰️ Only outpatient care
✅ 🅱️ Secondary and tertiary hospitalization
🅲️ Alternative medicine only
🅳️ Vaccination programs
Q4. PM-JAY is based on which of the following data?
🅰️ BPL 2002
✅ 🅱️ SECC 2011
🅲️ NSSO 2007
🅳️ Census 2001
Q5. What is the role of the nurse under PM-JAY?
🅰️ Perform surgeries
🅱️ Diagnose complex conditions
✅ 🅲️ Assist in awareness, registration, referral
🅳️ Collect taxes
🧷 A nationwide initiative launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW) to provide quality antenatal care (ANC) to all pregnant women on a fixed day every month.
🏥 Under: National Health Mission (NHM)
📅 Check-up Day: 9th of every month
🎯 Focus: High-risk pregnancy identification and reduction of maternal & neonatal mortality
✔️ Provide assured, comprehensive, and quality antenatal care
✔️ Detect and manage high-risk pregnancies (HRP) early
✔️ Promote institutional deliveries
✔️ Reduce maternal and infant mortality
✔️ Mobilize private sector specialists for public health
| 🏷️ Feature | 📌 Details |
|---|---|
| 🗓️ Fixed Day | ANC services on 9th of every month |
| 🏥 Coverage | All pregnant women in 2nd and 3rd trimesters |
| 👩⚕️ Specialist Support | Voluntary services by private OB-GYNs |
| 📌 Colour-Coding | ✅ Green – Normal pregnancy 🔴 Red Sticker – High-risk pregnancy |
| 📑 MCP Card | Ensures regular ANC documentation |
| 🩺 Service | 📋 Details |
|---|---|
| 🧪 Blood Pressure, Weight, FHR | Basic ANC check-up |
| 💉 Blood & Urine Tests | Hb%, HIV, Syphilis, sugar, albumin |
| 📍 Tetanus + IFA + Calcium | Supplementation and immunization |
| 🩻 Ultrasound (if needed) | Fetal well-being and dating |
| 🧾 High-Risk Identification | History of anemia, preeclampsia, DM, RH incompatibility |
| 📢 Counseling | Diet, hygiene, danger signs, institutional delivery |
🟢 Register pregnant women
🟢 Perform basic ANC assessment
🟢 Administer TT, IFA, and supplements
🟢 Educate about danger signs and birth preparedness
🟢 Refer HRP to higher facility
🟢 Update MCP card & PMSMA register
🟢 Support IEC/BCC & mobilization efforts
🟨 PMSMA launched on 9th June 2016
🟨 ANC check-up day is 9th of every month
🟨 2nd & 3rd trimester pregnant women are beneficiaries
🟨 Focus on high-risk pregnancy detection & management
🟨 Red sticker = High-risk pregnancy
🟨 Provided under National Health Mission (NHM)
Q1. When is PMSMA check-up held every month?
🅰️ 15th
🅱️ 1st
✅ 🅲️ 9th
🅳️ 30th
Q2. Who is the target beneficiary of PMSMA?
🅰️ Lactating mothers
✅ 🅱️ Pregnant women in 2nd and 3rd trimester
🅲️ Children under 5
🅳️ Elderly
Q3. What does a red sticker on the MCP card indicate?
🅰️ First ANC visit
✅ 🅱️ High-risk pregnancy
🅲️ Anemia only
🅳️ Complete ANC
Q4. Which of the following is NOT part of PMSMA services?
🅰️ IFA distribution
✅ 🅱️ Delivery services
🅲️ BP measurement
🅳️ HIV testing
Q5. Under PMSMA, who can voluntarily provide specialist care?
🅰️ School teachers
🅱️ Anganwadi workers
✅ 🅲️ Private Obstetricians & Gynecologists
🅳️ Panchayat members
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
HMIS is a data collection, analysis, and reporting system designed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), India to monitor and improve health service delivery under National Health Mission (NHM).
🛠️ Launched: 2008
🖥️ Type: Web-based monitoring system
🎯 Focus: Evidence-based planning, real-time data entry, and decision-making in public health
✔️ Collect timely and reliable health data from facilities
✔️ Monitor health service delivery across India
✔️ Strengthen decision-making based on real-time data
✔️ Reduce manual errors and duplication
✔️ Help in planning and policy formulation
✔️ Evaluate program outcomes and impact
| 🔹 Feature | 📋 Details |
|---|---|
| 📲 Platform | Online, centralized web-based portal |
| 🏥 Facility-level Data | From Sub-centers to District Hospitals |
| ⌛ Real-Time Entry | Monthly and daily data entry possible |
| 📊 Data Visualization | Dashboards, graphs, trends |
| 🗃️ Data Flow | Health Facility → Block → District → State → MoHFW |
| 🔐 Secure Access | Role-based login credentials |
| 🧮 Output | Service coverage, health indicators, performance metrics |
| 📝 Category | 💡 Examples |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Service Delivery | OPD, IPD, ANC, immunization |
| 🧑🍼 Maternal & Child Health | Deliveries, stillbirths, birth weight, PNC |
| 💉 Immunization | BCG, DPT, Measles, Polio |
| 🩸 Communicable Diseases | TB, malaria, HIV reporting |
| 🏥 Hospital Services | Bed occupancy, deaths, referrals |
| 📈 Logistics & Supplies | Medicine stocks, equipment |
🟢 Record accurate and timely patient data
🟢 Report maternal, child health, immunization, OPD/ANC data
🟢 Enter data in registers/computerized formats
🟢 Assist in data validation and error checking
🟢 Participate in monthly reporting and data quality meetings
🟢 Support community-based data collection (e.g., ASHA reports)
🟨 HMIS launched in 2008 by MoHFW
🟨 It is a web-based data reporting and analysis tool
🟨 Facilitates evidence-based decision-making in healthcare
🟨 Used from Sub-center to National level
🟨 Core areas include MCH, disease surveillance, immunization, logistics
Q1. In which year was the Health Management Information System (HMIS) launched in India?
🅰️ 2010
🅱️ 2005
✅ 🅲️ 2008
🅳️ 2012
Q2. HMIS is primarily used for:
🅰️ Treating diseases
🅱️ Organ donation
✅ 🅲️ Health data reporting and analysis
🅳️ Drug manufacturing
Q3. Which organization launched the HMIS in India?
🅰️ WHO
🅱️ UNICEF
✅ 🅲️ MoHFW
🅳️ ICMR
Q4. Which of the following is a key feature of HMIS?
🅰️ It is a mobile gaming app
🅱️ It is a pharmacy billing tool
✅ 🅲️ It collects and analyzes health data
🅳️ It is used only by private hospitals
Q5. What is the nurse’s role in HMIS?
🅰️ Operate machinery
🅱️ Administer anesthesia
✅ 🅲️ Record and report patient health data
🅳️ Perform radiology scans
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
NOTTO is a national-level organization established by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India to oversee the organ and tissue donation and transplantation program in India.
🗓️ Established: 2011
🏛️ Headquarters: Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
🎯 Focus: Organ donation awareness, allocation, and transplantation regulation
| 🔷 Division | 📋 Function |
|---|---|
| 🏢 National Human Organ and Tissue Removal and Storage Network (NHOTRS) | Maintains national-level registry and database for donors and recipients |
| 🧬 National Biomaterial Centre (National Tissue Bank) | Storage and distribution of tissues like cornea, bones, skin |
✔️ Promote organ donation awareness and deceased donor programs
✔️ Maintain national registry of organ/tissue donors & recipients
✔️ Regulate organ allocation based on medical urgency, transparency & fairness
✔️ Provide training and support for transplant coordinators & healthcare staff
✔️ Ensure ethical practices and legal compliance under THOA (1994)
✔️ Collaborate with state and regional transplant organizations
📜 The Transplantation of Human Organs Act (THOA) – 1994
| 🧠 Activity | 📋 Details |
|---|---|
| 📚 Training | For transplant coordinators, ICU staff, and counselors |
| 💻 IT Platform | Online registry, donor-recipient matching |
| 📢 Awareness | Public campaigns like Organ Donation Day (Aug 13) |
| 📊 Data Collection | National statistics of donations and transplants |
| 🛠️ Policy Making | Guidelines for organ allocation, transplant ethics |
🟢 Educate patients/families about organ donation
🟢 Identify potential brain-dead donors
🟢 Assist in donor maintenance & ICU care
🟢 Support legal formalities and documentation
🟢 Collaborate with transplant team
🟢 Encourage voluntary donor registration
🟢 Participate in awareness campaigns
🟨 NOTTO established in 2011 under MoHFW
🟨 HQ: Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi
🟨 Functions under the Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994
🟨 Manages National Organ & Tissue Donation Registry
🟨 Organ Donation Day: August 13
🟨 Illegal sale of organs is punishable under law
Q1. Where is the headquarters of NOTTO located?
🅰️ Mumbai
✅ 🅱️ New Delhi
🅲️ Chennai
🅳️ Kolkata
Q2. What is the main legal act regulating organ transplantation in India?
🅰️ Biomedical Waste Act
✅ 🅱️ Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994
🅲️ Clinical Establishment Act
🅳️ Epidemic Act
Q3. Which of the following is a function of NOTTO?
🅰️ Vaccine manufacturing
✅ 🅱️ Maintaining national registry of organ donation
🅲️ Licensing medical colleges
🅳️ Monitoring health insurance
Q4. What role can nurses play in the organ donation process?
🅰️ Perform surgeries
✅ 🅱️ Identify and manage potential organ donors
🅲️ Prepare legal contracts
🅳️ Issue driving licenses
Q5. On which day is National Organ Donation Day celebrated in India?
🅰️ 5th September
🅱️ 1st December
✅ 🅲️ 13th August
🅳️ 14th November