🧠 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
School Health Services (SHS) are a comprehensive approach to ensure the physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being of school-going children.
It is a part of the Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) under NHM, launched in 2013.
To promote and maintain optimum health of school children by preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative services.
✔️ Promote physical & mental health
✔️ Detect and treat common health problems early
✔️ Prevent communicable diseases
✔️ Provide emergency care
✔️ Develop healthy behavior and attitudes
👩🏫 All school-going children in government and aided schools
🎒 Children from class 1 to 12 (6–18 years)
🏥 Covered under Mobile Health Teams or local PHCs
| 🏥 Component | 📋 Description |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Health Appraisal | Periodic checkups for height, weight, vision, etc. |
| 💊 Remedial Services | Treatment & referral for identified illnesses |
| 🧼 Environmental Hygiene | Clean toilets, safe drinking water, sanitation |
| 📚 Health Education | Talks on hygiene, nutrition, safety, etc. |
| 💉 Immunization | As per Universal Immunization Programme |
| 🍱 Nutritional Services | Mid-day meals, Iron-Folic Acid supplementation |
| ⛑️ First Aid Services | Care for minor injuries and emergencies |
| 📝 Health Records | Maintain individual health cards |
🔹 Launched: 2013 under NHM
🔹 Age group: 0 to 18 years
🔹 Focus: Early detection of 4Ds
1️⃣ Defects at birth
2️⃣ Diseases
3️⃣ Deficiencies
4️⃣ Developmental delays & disabilities
🔹 Mobile Health Teams (MHTs) visit schools regularly
✅ Conduct health screenings and first aid
✅ Refer children with special needs
✅ Give health talks and sessions
✅ Monitor nutrition and hygiene
✅ Maintain school health records
✅ Collaborate with teachers & parents
🔸 Mid-Day Meal Scheme – Improves nutrition
🔸 Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS)
🔸 RKSK – Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram
🔸 RBSK – 4Ds screening by Mobile Health Teams
🟨 SHS is a key service under RBSK (2013)
🟨 It targets children aged 6–18 years
🟨 4Ds of RBSK: Defects, Diseases, Deficiencies, Developmental delays
🟨 Mid-Day Meals and Iron-Folic Acid are part of SHS
🟨 SHS promotes both preventive & promotive health
Q1. School Health Services are provided under which national program?
🅰️ RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram)
Q2. What is the age group covered under School Health Services?
🅰️ 6 to 18 years (school-going children)
Q3. Which of the following is NOT a component of SHS?
🅰️ Treatment for cancer ❌
🅰️ Health education ✅
🅰️ First aid ✅
🅰️ Nutritional services ✅
Q4. What are the 4Ds under RBSK?
🅰️ Defects, Diseases, Deficiencies, Developmental delays
Q5. What is used to record the child’s health status in SHS?
🅰️ School Health Card
🧠 Important for Nursing & Community Health Competitive Exams
Occupational Health Services (OHS) are services provided to workers to ensure health, safety, and well-being in their workplace environment.
It is an essential part of industrial hygiene and preventive medicine.
To promote, maintain and improve the health of workers and to prevent occupational diseases and injuries.
✔️ Protect workers from health hazards
✔️ Promote safe and healthy work environments
✔️ Prevent occupational injuries & diseases
✔️ Provide first aid, medical checkups & vaccinations
✔️ Promote mental and physical well-being of workers
👨🏭 All categories of workers – factory, construction, mining, transport, chemical industries, healthcare
🧑⚕️ Especially those in hazardous, high-risk occupations
| 🧩 Component | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Pre-placement Examination | Health check before joining the job |
| 🔄 Periodic Medical Check-ups | Routine assessments to detect early diseases |
| 🦺 Workplace Safety Measures | PPE use, noise control, dust suppression |
| 💉 Immunization Services | Tetanus, Hepatitis B, etc. |
| 🚨 First Aid & Emergency Care | Management of injuries & toxic exposures |
| 📚 Health Education & Counseling | On hygiene, posture, mental health, etc. |
| 🧪 Environmental Monitoring | Checking air, water, chemical exposure levels |
| 📝 Record Keeping | Health records, injury logs, hazard reports |
| ⚠️ Hazard Type | 📋 Examples |
|---|---|
| 👂 Noise | Hearing loss, stress |
| 💨 Dust/Fumes | Silicosis, asthma |
| 🧪 Chemicals | Dermatitis, poisoning |
| 🧯 Fire/Explosion | Burns, trauma |
| 📉 Ergonomics | Back pain, RSI |
| 💬 Psychosocial | Depression, anxiety, burnout |
📘 Factories Act – 1948
📘 Employees’ State Insurance Act – 1948
📘 Mines Act – 1952
📘 Workmen’s Compensation Act – 1923
✅ Conduct health screening and medical exams
✅ Maintain occupational health records
✅ Provide first aid and emergency care
✅ Educate workers on safety and hygiene
✅ Participate in workplace hazard assessments
✅ Counsel on stress, addiction, and chronic illnesses
🟨 OHS aims at promoting and preserving workers’ health.
🟨 Pre-placement examination is the first step in occupational health checkups.
🟨 The Factories Act, 1948 mandates health and safety in workplaces.
🟨 Occupational nurse plays a key role in first aid and health education.
🟨 Common occupational diseases include silicosis, asbestosis, dermatitis, noise-induced hearing loss.
Q1. Which Act governs workplace safety in factories?
🅰️ Factories Act, 1948
Q2. What is the purpose of a pre-placement examination?
🅰️ To assess a worker’s fitness before job placement
Q3. What is a common occupational lung disease in miners?
🅰️ Silicosis
Q4. Which of the following is an ergonomic hazard?
🅰️ Prolonged standing and poor posture
Q5. What is the nurse’s primary role in Occupational Health?
🅰️ Provide first aid, screening, and health education
📘 Important for NORCET, AIIMS, NHM, GPSC, RRB, CHN, BSc/GNM Nursing Exams
🔹 Occupational Diseases are illnesses caused by exposure to risk factors related to workplace environment or work activity over time.
🔹 Occupational Hazards are potential risks or dangers that can injure or harm the health of workers at their job.
✔️ Identify workplace hazards
✔️ Prevent disease and injury
✔️ Promote worker safety and productivity
✔️ Provide periodic health checkups
✔️ Enforce laws like Factories Act, 1948 & ESI Act, 1948
| 🧪 Hazard Type | ⚠️ Examples | 🩺 Diseases/Effects |
|---|---|---|
| Physical | Noise, heat, radiation, vibration | Deafness, heat stroke, cataract |
| Chemical | Dust, fumes, gases, solvents | Dermatitis, cancer, asthma |
| Biological | Bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites | Hepatitis B, TB, Leptospirosis |
| Mechanical | Machinery, tools, falls, cuts | Fractures, lacerations, crush injuries |
| Ergonomic | Poor posture, repetitive work | Back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome |
| Psychosocial | Stress, workload, harassment | Anxiety, depression, burnout |
| 🩺 Disease | 💼 Cause/Industry |
|---|---|
| Silicosis | Inhalation of silica dust (mines, quarry) |
| Asbestosis | Inhalation of asbestos fibers (construction) |
| Byssinosis | Cotton dust inhalation (textile industry) |
| Bagassosis | Sugarcane fiber dust (sugar factories) |
| Occupational Asthma | Exposure to chemical fumes or allergens |
| Lead poisoning | Lead industries, battery factories |
| Mercury poisoning | Thermometer, paint industries |
| Dermatitis | Cement, chemicals, detergents |
| Noise-induced deafness | Continuous exposure to loud machinery |
| Radiation sickness | X-ray technicians, radiologists |
| Cancer (occupational) | Benzene, asbestos, nickel exposure |
| Heat stroke | Foundry workers, outdoor laborers |
| Farmer’s lung | Inhalation of mold spores in hay |
✅ Pre-employment & periodic medical exams
✅ Use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
✅ Engineering controls – ventilation, noise insulation
✅ Legislation – Factories Act, ESI Act
✅ Education & training of workers
✅ Proper sanitation & hygiene at workplace
✅ Monitoring exposure levels (air, dust, noise)
🟢 Conduct health surveillance
🟢 Provide first aid & emergency care
🟢 Educate on use of PPE and safety measures
🟢 Record and report occupational illness/injuries
🟢 Refer workers with symptoms for early treatment
🟢 Support mental health & stress management
🟨 Silicosis is caused by silica dust inhalation in mines
🟨 Asbestosis is a lung disease due to asbestos exposure
🟨 Byssinosis is common in cotton mill workers
🟨 Lead & mercury poisoning occur in metal-related industries
🟨 Noise-induced hearing loss is a common physical hazard
Q1. Silicosis is caused due to exposure to which of the following?
🅰️ Cotton dust
🅱️ Lead fumes
✅ 🅲️ Silica dust
🅳️ Asbestos
Q2. What type of occupational hazard is “stress”?
🅰️ Physical
🅱️ Chemical
🅲️ Ergonomic
✅ 🅳️ Psychosocial
Q3. Disease caused by asbestos exposure is called?
🅰️ Bagassosis
🅱️ Pneumoconiosis
✅ 🅲️ Asbestosis
🅳️ Farmer’s lung
Q4. Which disease is seen in cotton mill workers?
✅ 🅰️ Byssinosis
🅱️ Anthracosis
🅲️ Silicosis
🅳️ Tuberculosis
Q5. Which of the following is a biological occupational hazard?
🅰️ Noise
🅱️ Heat
✅ 🅲️ Tuberculosis
🅳️ Benzene
Designed to ensure the health, safety, and social security of workers across various industries.
🔹 Enforced by: State Governments
🔹 Applies to:
🔧 Key Provisions:
| 🩺 Health | ⚙️ Safety | 🧘 Welfare |
|---|---|---|
| Cleanliness, ventilation, lighting | Fencing of machinery, safety guards | Canteen (if >250 workers) |
| Safe drinking water, waste disposal | Emergency exits, fire safety drills | Rest rooms and lunch rooms |
| Dust/fume control | Training on safe practices | Creches for children (<6 yrs) |
| Adequate latrines & urinals | Safety officer (if >1000 workers) | First aid facilities (1 box/150 workers) |
⏰ Working Hours Rules:
🚫 Restrictions:
🔹 Administered by: ESIC (Employees’ State Insurance Corporation)
🔹 Coverage:
🎁 Key Benefits Provided:
| 💊 Medical Benefit | 🤰 Maternity Benefit | 💸 Sickness Benefit |
|---|---|---|
| Full medical care for insured and dependents | Paid leave up to 26 weeks | Cash payment @70% wages for 91 days/year |
| ⚠️ Disablement Benefit | 🕊️ Dependent’s Benefit | 🚑 Funeral Expense |
|---|---|---|
| For temporary or permanent disability due to work | Pension to dependents of deceased worker | ₹15,000 to nominee |
👩⚕️ Additional Features:
🔹 Applies to:
All types of mines including coal, metal, oil, etc.
🔹 Administered by: Directorate General of Mines Safety (DGMS)
🔹 Objective: To regulate health, safety, and welfare of mine workers
🛡️ Key Safety Provisions:
📅 Working Hours:
💉 Health Measures:
🔹 Applies to: All workers except those covered under ESI Act
🔹 Administered by: Labour Department (State)
🔹 Objective: To compensate workers for injury, disability, or death caused during employment.
📜 Key Provisions:
💰 Compensation Types:
👨⚖️ Legal Safeguards:
🟨 Factories Act, 1948 covers all factories with ≥10 workers using power
🟨 ESI Act, 1948 provides medical + cash benefits to insured workers
🟨 Mines Act, 1952 ensures safety in hazardous underground occupations
🟨 Workmen’s Compensation Act gives legal compensation for job-related injuries
🟨 Creche facilities, first aid kits, and safe drinking water are mandatory under Factories Act
Q1. What is the maximum working hours per week under the Factories Act, 1948?
🅰️ 48 hours
Q2. Which act ensures social security benefits like sickness, maternity and injury compensation?
🅰️ Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948
Q3. Which occupational law mandates pre-employment medical check-ups in mines?
🅰️ Mines Act, 1952
Q4. The Workmen’s Compensation Act does NOT apply to whom?
🅰️ Employees already covered under ESI Act
Q5. Which benefit is NOT provided under the ESI Act?
A. Sickness Benefit
B. Maternity Benefit
✅ C. Old Age Pension
D. Medical Benefit
Q6. Which of the following is a statutory welfare measure under the Factories Act?
🅰️ Provision of creche for children of workers
🧠 Important for Competitive Exams – NORCET | NHM | AIIMS | RRB | GPSC | CHN | BSc/GNM Nursing
The Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) was launched in 1954 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India.
It provides comprehensive healthcare facilities to central government employees, pensioners, and their dependents.
To provide affordable, quality, and accessible healthcare services to eligible Central Government beneficiaries through a network of wellness centers and empaneled hospitals.
✔️ Central Government employees (serving & retired)
✔️ Dependent family members
✔️ Members of Parliament (MPs)
✔️ Freedom fighters
✔️ Ex-Governors, Ex-Vice Presidents
✔️ Pensioners of Indian Railways, Postal & Telecom
✔️ Accredited journalists (in some cities)
| 🏥 Service Type | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🩺 Outpatient care (OPD) | From CGHS wellness centers |
| 💊 Medicines | Free supply of essential & prescribed medicines |
| 🧪 Investigations | Free diagnostics from CGHS or empaneled labs |
| 🏨 Hospitalization | Cashless treatment in CGHS-empaneled hospitals |
| 🦷 Dental & Eye care | Limited reimbursements or direct services |
| 🚑 Emergency services | Available in emergencies at empaneled hospitals |
| 💰 Reimbursement | Allowed for treatment in non-CGHS hospitals (in emergencies) |
🔹 Initially started in Delhi (1954)
🔹 Now available in more than 70 cities across India including Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, etc.
🔹 Beneficiaries get a CGHS card or plastic smart card
🔹 Services are availed from CGHS Wellness Centres
🔹 Empaneled hospitals provide cashless treatment
🔹 Online facilities via www.cghs.nic.in
🆕 CGHS services are being digitized under e-Governance
🆕 Teleconsultation services added (via eSanjeevani)
🆕 Integration with Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) is ongoing
🆕 Use of QR code-enabled CGHS Smart Cards
✅ OPD patient care and registration
✅ Medication dispensing and follow-up
✅ Health screening and vital monitoring
✅ Record keeping and patient counselling
✅ Assisting in diagnostics and minor procedures
🟨 CGHS was launched in 1954 in New Delhi.
🟨 CGHS provides comprehensive healthcare to Central Govt employees & pensioners.
🟨 Cashless hospitalization is available at empaneled hospitals.
🟨 Medicines and diagnostics are provided free of cost under CGHS.
🟨 CGHS is available in more than 70 cities in India.
Q1. In which year was CGHS launched?
🅰️ 1954 ✅
🅱️ 1962
🅲️ 1975
🅳️ 1980
Q2. What is the full form of CGHS?
🅰️ Central Government Hospital Scheme
🅱️ Central General Health Service
✅ 🅲️ Central Government Health Scheme
🅳️ Central Group Health Services
Q3. CGHS mainly serves which group?
🅰️ Public sector workers
✅ 🅱️ Central Government employees and pensioners
🅲️ BPL families
🅳️ Rural households
Q4. CGHS wellness centres provide which of the following services?
A. Only emergency care
B. Only hospitalization
✅ C. Outpatient care, medicines, diagnostics
D. Psychiatric care only
Q5. Which online portal is used for CGHS services?
🅰️ esanjeevani.in
🅱️ abdm.gov.in
🅲️ nhm.gov.in
✅ 🅳️ cghs.nic.in
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, RRB, GPSC, BSc/GNM Nursing, Community Health Nursing & Public Health Exams
Geriatric Health Services refer to comprehensive healthcare tailored to the needs of the elderly population (60 years and above).
They aim to address physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being of older adults.
📅 India declared 2021–2030 as the Decade of Healthy Ageing (WHO theme).
✔️ Promote healthy ageing
✔️ Provide preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative care
✔️ Ensure dignified life for elderly persons
✔️ Manage chronic illnesses & disabilities
✔️ Offer home-based & institutional care
✅ Senior citizens aged 60 years and above
✅ Elderly with multiple chronic illnesses
✅ Bedridden or dependent older adults
✅ Elderly needing palliative or end-of-life care
| 🧩 Component | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🏥 Special Geriatric Clinics | Outpatient consultation for elderly (weekly at DH/CHC/PHC) |
| 🩺 Inpatient Geriatric Ward | 10-bedded ward at District Hospitals |
| 🚑 Mobile Care Units | Home visits, door-to-door checkups |
| 🧓 Old Age Homes & Day Care | Social support & daily care activities |
| 💊 Free Medicines | Essential drugs for NCDs and pain relief |
| 🧠 Mental Health Services | Screening and treatment of dementia, depression |
| ♿ Assistive Devices | Walkers, hearing aids, spectacles via NGOs or government |
📅 Launched: 2010–11
📌 Aim: To provide accessible, affordable, and dedicated care to elderly at all levels – primary to tertiary.
🧩 Part of the Ayushman Bharat & NHM framework
| 🏠 Sub-Centre/PHC | Basic screening, IFA, B-complex |
|---|---|
| 🏥 CHC/SDH | Weekly geriatric clinics |
| 🏨 District Hospital | Geriatric ward + rehab + clinics |
| 🧬 Regional Geriatric Centres (RGC) | Super-specialty elderly care |
🟢 Assess physical & mental condition of elderly
🟢 Monitor chronic conditions (diabetes, HTN, arthritis)
🟢 Provide medication and wound care
🟢 Educate on fall prevention, nutrition & hygiene
🟢 Offer emotional support & counseling
🟢 Encourage family support and social interaction
🟢 Support in rehabilitation & palliative care
| 🧠 Cognitive | Dementia, Alzheimer’s, confusion |
|---|---|
| 💔 Cardiovascular | Hypertension, heart failure |
| 🦴 Musculoskeletal | Osteoarthritis, falls, fractures |
| 👀 Sensory | Cataract, hearing loss |
| 🩺 Metabolic | Diabetes, hypothyroidism |
| 🧘♂️ Mental | Depression, loneliness |
| 🚽 Genitourinary | Incontinence, UTI |
🟨 NPHCE was launched in 2010–11 for elderly healthcare
🟨 Geriatric clinics are conducted weekly at CHC/PHC level
🟨 10-bedded geriatric wards are set up at district hospitals
🟨 Elderly require care for NCDs, mental illness & mobility issues
🟨 Home-based care and assistive devices improve quality of life in old age
Q1. The National Programme for Health Care of the Elderly was launched in which year?
🅰️ 2005
🅱️ 2008
✅ 🅲️ 2010–11
🅳️ 2014
Q2. How many beds are reserved in a District Hospital for geriatric care under NPHCE?
🅰️ 5
✅ 🅱️ 10
🅲️ 15
🅳️ 20
Q3. Which of the following is a common geriatric mental health issue?
🅰️ Asthma
🅱️ Kidney stone
🅲️ Glaucoma
✅ 🅳️ Dementia
Q4. Which program aims to provide comprehensive health services to elderly?
🅰️ JSY
🅱️ RBSK
🅲️ JSSK
✅ 🅳️ NPHCE
Q5. What is the nurse’s role in geriatric care?
🅰️ Only give medicines
🅱️ Refer all to doctors
✅ 🅲️ Provide holistic physical, mental, emotional care
🅳️ Only do documentation
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, RBSK, RKSK, AIIMS, GPSC, BSc/GNM Nursing & CHN Exams
Adolescent Health Services aim to provide comprehensive, age-appropriate health care to individuals aged 10 to 19 years, addressing their physical, mental, emotional, and reproductive health needs.
They are implemented mainly under the Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) launched in 2014 by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
✔️ Improve nutritional status of adolescents
✔️ Enhance mental health & life skills
✔️ Prevent early marriage & pregnancy
✔️ Improve access to contraceptives and reproductive health services
✔️ Create safe & supportive environment
✔️ Educate about menstrual hygiene, STIs, substance abuse
✅ Adolescents aged 10–19 years
✅ Both in-school and out-of-school adolescents
✅ Focus on vulnerable and underserved groups including SC/ST, rural, tribal, and slum areas
| 🧠 Component | 💡 Services Provided |
|---|---|
| 🍽️ Nutrition | Weekly Iron-Folic Acid (WIFS), mid-day meals, anemia screening |
| 🧠 Mental Health | Counseling, stress management, life skills education |
| 💊 Reproductive & Sexual Health | RTI/STI screening, menstrual hygiene awareness |
| 🚫 Substance Abuse Prevention | Anti-tobacco, anti-drug campaigns |
| 🧼 Hygiene & Menstrual Health | Menstrual hygiene kits, hand hygiene awareness |
| 👧 Violence and Abuse Prevention | Awareness on rights, safety, reporting abuse |
📅 Launched: 2014
🎯 Focus Areas:
🔹 Nutrition
🔹 Sexual & reproductive health
🔹 Mental health
🔹 Substance misuse
🔹 Injuries and violence
🔹 Non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
🏥 Service Delivery Platforms:
✅ Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCs) at PHC/CHC
✅ Peer Educator Program – 2 per village (1 male, 1 female)
✅ Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation (WIFS)
✅ Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS)
✅ School health programs under Ayushman Bharat
🟢 Provide IFA supplementation and counseling
🟢 Identify high-risk behaviors and refer to AFHC
🟢 Educate on menstrual hygiene and nutrition
🟢 Conduct school health checkups and awareness sessions
🟢 Support peer educators and maintain adolescent health records
🟢 Counsel on substance abuse, reproductive health & mental wellbeing
🟨 RKSK was launched in 2014 for holistic adolescent care
🟨 AFHCs are established at PHC/CHC levels for adolescents
🟨 WIFS provides weekly Iron-Folic Acid to 10–19 years age group
🟨 Peer educators are selected under RKSK (1 boy + 1 girl per village)
🟨 Menstrual Hygiene Scheme promotes safe menstrual practices
Q1. What is the age group covered under Adolescent Health Services?
🅰️ 0–5 years
🅱️ 6–12 years
✅ 🅲️ 10–19 years
🅳️ 15–24 years
Q2. Which national program focuses on adolescent health in India?
🅰️ RBSK
🅱️ JSY
✅ 🅲️ RKSK
🅳️ NPCDCS
Q3. What does WIFS stand for?
🅰️ Weekly Iodine-Folic Supply
🅱️ Women’s Iron Food Scheme
✅ 🅲️ Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation
🅳️ Weekly Iron Fortification Strategy
Q4. How many peer educators are appointed per village under RKSK?
🅰️ 1
✅ 🅱️ 2 (1 male + 1 female)
🅲️ 3
🅳️ 5
Q5. Menstrual hygiene kits are provided under which scheme?
🅰️ JSY
🅱️ RBSK
✅ 🅲️ Menstrual Hygiene Scheme (MHS)
🅳️ Mission Parivar Vikas
📘 Highly important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, RRB, GPSC, BSc/GNM Nursing, CHN & Psychiatric Nursing Exams
Mental Health Services focus on the promotion, prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of individuals suffering from mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.
Mental health is not just the absence of mental illness, but a state of well-being in which a person can cope with stress, work productively, and contribute to society.
✔️ Promote positive mental health
✔️ Prevent mental illnesses & psychosocial disorders
✔️ Ensure early diagnosis & treatment
✔️ Provide rehabilitative care for mentally ill patients
✔️ Raise awareness & reduce stigma
| 🧩 Service Type | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🏥 Inpatient Care | Admission for acute mental illness (Psychiatric hospitals) |
| 🏠 Outpatient Clinics (OPD) | Counseling, follow-ups, medication |
| 🗣️ Psychotherapy/Counseling | Behavioral therapy, CBT, family therapy |
| 💊 Psychopharmacology | Drugs for anxiety, depression, psychosis |
| 🔁 Rehabilitation Services | Vocational therapy, social integration |
| ☎️ Helplines & Crisis Centers | Suicide prevention, emotional distress |
| 🧘♀️ Community Mental Health Services | Outreach camps, telepsychiatry |
📅 Launched: 1982
🎯 Objective: To ensure availability and accessibility of mental health care for all, especially vulnerable populations
🧠 Implemented via:
🔹 District Mental Health Programme (DMHP)
🔹 Manodarpan initiative for student mental health
🔹 Tele-MANAS helpline (Free mental health teleconsultation service)
✅ Available in district hospitals & CHCs
✅ Provides counseling, medication & referral
✅ Supports IEC, school outreach & community-based care
✅ Includes Psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker, nurses
🟢 Observe and assess mental status
🟢 Administer psychiatric medications
🟢 Provide therapeutic communication & support
🟢 Help in behavioral therapy & group therapy
🟢 Educate family about illness and home care
🟢 Prevent self-harm, support suicide prevention
🟢 Encourage rehabilitation and reintegration
| 🧠 Disorder | 💡 Examples |
|---|---|
| Mood disorders | Depression, Bipolar disorder |
| Psychotic disorders | Schizophrenia |
| Anxiety disorders | Phobia, Panic disorder |
| Substance use disorders | Alcohol, drugs |
| Neurodevelopmental | Autism, ADHD |
| Personality disorders | Antisocial, Borderline |
🟨 NMHP was launched in 1982 to provide mental health services at all levels
🟨 DMHP provides decentralized psychiatric care at district level
🟨 Tele-MANAS is India’s free mental health helpline
🟨 Manodarpan supports students’ mental health in schools & colleges
🟨 Nurses play a vital role in psychiatric assessment and therapy
Q1. When was the National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) launched?
🅰️ 1978
🅱️ 1985
✅ 🅲️ 1982
🅳️ 1990
Q2. What is the purpose of DMHP?
🅰️ Eye care at district level
✅ 🅱️ Mental health care at district level
🅲️ Child health program
🅳️ Cancer screening program
Q3. Which helpline offers telepsychiatry in India?
🅰️ 108
🅱️ Ayushman helpline
✅ 🅲️ Tele-MANAS
🅳️ SANKALP
Q4. What is the nurse’s key role in mental health services?
🅰️ Provide surgical care
🅱️ Only give medicines
✅ 🅲️ Provide therapeutic communication and emotional support
🅳️ Only do documentation
Q5. Which program supports mental health for school students?
🅰️ JSSK
🅱️ JSY
🅲️ RKSK
✅ 🅳️ Manodarpan
📘 Important for NORCET, AIIMS, NHM, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community Health Nursing Exams
Rehabilitation Services aim to enable persons with disabilities, chronic illnesses, injuries, or age-related impairments to attain and maintain maximum functional independence, dignity, and quality of life.
🔹 WHO defines rehabilitation as “a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in individuals with health conditions.”
✔️ Restore lost physical or mental function
✔️ Improve daily living skills & independence
✔️ Enhance psychological and social well-being
✔️ Promote integration into family & society
✔️ Prevent complications and re-hospitalization
| 🧩 Type | 💡 Focus Area |
|---|---|
| 🦵 Physical Rehabilitation | Orthopedic injuries, stroke, paralysis, amputations |
| 🧠 Mental Rehabilitation | Schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, substance abuse |
| 🗣️ Speech & Language Therapy | Speech delay, aphasia, stammering |
| 🧘 Occupational Therapy | Skill training for self-care, work adaptation |
| 🧠 Cognitive Rehabilitation | Brain injury, memory loss, concentration issues |
| 🧓 Geriatric Rehabilitation | Fall recovery, arthritis, age-related debility |
| 👶 Pediatric Rehabilitation | Developmental delays, cerebral palsy, autism |
| 🏠 Setting | 🩺 Service Type |
|---|---|
| 🏥 Hospital-based | Acute rehab post-surgery or stroke |
| 🏘️ Community-based | Community health centers, home care |
| 🏡 Home-based | Family-involved rehab with periodic support |
| 🏢 Institutional (Long-term) | Old age homes, disability centers |
🔸 National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS)
🔸 Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme (DDRS)
🔸 District Disability Rehabilitation Centre (DDRC)
🔸 Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) – children with congenital anomalies
🔸 NPHCE – elderly rehabilitation
🟢 Assess patient’s physical & mental capabilities
🟢 Assist in mobility training (walker, wheelchair, prosthesis)
🟢 Support ADLs (bathing, dressing, eating)
🟢 Educate family on home care and assistive devices
🟢 Monitor medication and therapy compliance
🟢 Provide emotional support and motivation
🟢 Collaborate with physiotherapists, speech therapists, social workers
🟨 Rehabilitation aims at restoring maximum function and independence
🟨 Physical rehab includes mobility aids, exercises, prosthetics
🟨 Mental rehab helps in behavioral and emotional adjustment
🟨 Nurses play a crucial role in home-based and community rehab
🟨 DDRC offers multi-disciplinary rehab at district level
Q1. What is the main aim of rehabilitation services?
🅰️ Only medical treatment
🅱️ Only surgical care
✅ 🅲️ Restore function and promote independence
🅳️ Only pain relief
Q2. Which rehabilitation service is used for patients after a stroke?
🅰️ Mental rehab
✅ 🅱️ Physical rehab
🅲️ Speech therapy
🅳️ Geriatric rehab
Q3. Which program supports rehab services for disabled persons?
🅰️ JSY
🅱️ RBSK
✅ 🅲️ DDRS (Deendayal Disabled Rehabilitation Scheme)
🅳️ RKSK
Q4. What is the role of nurses in rehabilitation?
🅰️ Surgery
🅱️ Legal support
✅ 🅲️ Patient care, education, motivation
🅳️ None
Q5. Which therapy is used to improve speech in children with stammering?
🅰️ Occupational therapy
🅱️ Mental therapy
✅ 🅲️ Speech therapy
🅳️ Physical therapy
📘 Important for NORCET, AIIMS, NHM, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing, Community Health Nursing, and Medical-Surgical Nursing Exams
🔹 HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) weakens the immune system, making the body vulnerable to infections.
🔹 AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection.
🔹 India’s HIV/AIDS response is led by NACO – National AIDS Control Organization, established in 1992 under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare.
✔️ Reduce new HIV infections
✔️ Provide universal access to free ART
✔️ Improve quality of life of PLHIV (People Living with HIV)
✔️ Reduce stigma and discrimination
✔️ Achieve 95-95-95 targets (UNAIDS)
📅 Launched: 1992
🔄 Current Phase: NACP-V (2021–26)
🎯 Mission: To end HIV/AIDS epidemic as a public health threat by 2030
📊 Strategy: 95-95-95 Goals
| 🧩 Service Component | 💡 Description |
|---|---|
| 🧪 HIV Testing & Counseling | ICTC – Integrated Counselling & Testing Centres |
| 💊 ART (Antiretroviral Therapy) | Free ART from ART Centres |
| 💼 Care, Support & Treatment | Link ART Centres, Community Care Centres |
| 👩⚕️ PPTCT Services | Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission |
| 🧼 STI/RTI Services | Syndromic treatment, awareness |
| 🧠 IEC & Behavior Change | Mass media campaigns, Red Ribbon Clubs |
| 🧒 Targeted Interventions (TIs) | For HRGs – MSM, FSWs, TGs, IDUs |
| 💉 Blood Safety | Mandatory screening for HIV, Hep B/C |
🔹 ART does not cure HIV but suppresses viral replication
🔹 Improves CD4 count, reduces opportunistic infections (OIs)
🔹 Lifelong treatment – started regardless of CD4 count
🔹 First-line drugs: Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir (TLD)
🔹 Provided free of cost at ART Centres
✅ Early Infant Diagnosis (EID)
✅ PPTCT (Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission) – single window services during pregnancy
✅ Lifelong ART for HIV-positive mothers
✅ Safe delivery and infant feeding counseling
🟢 Pre- and post-test counseling
🟢 Administer ART and monitor side effects
🟢 Educate on adherence and safe practices
🟢 Provide psychosocial support and reduce stigma
🟢 Refer for opportunistic infection management
🟢 Maintain confidentiality and health records
🟨 NACO was established in 1992 under MoHFW
🟨 India follows 95-95-95 strategy to end HIV by 2030
🟨 ART is lifelong and free for all PLHIV
🟨 PPTCT aims to eliminate vertical transmission of HIV
🟨 Nurses play a key role in counseling, ART delivery, and stigma reduction
Q1. In which year was NACO established?
🅰️ 1986
🅱️ 1990
✅ 🅲️ 1992
🅳️ 2000
Q2. What does ART stand for in HIV management?
🅰️ Acute Respiratory Therapy
🅱️ Auto Reversal Therapy
✅ 🅲️ Antiretroviral Therapy
🅳️ Anti-Rabies Treatment
Q3. Which drug combination is used as first-line ART?
🅰️ Zidovudine + Nevirapine + Lamivudine
🅱️ Efavirenz + AZT + Lamivudine
✅ 🅲️ Tenofovir + Lamivudine + Dolutegravir (TLD)
🅳️ None of the above
Q4. What does PPTCT stand for?
🅰️ Prevention of Pregnancy Transmission
🅱️ Postpartum Testing and Care
✅ 🅲️ Prevention of Parent to Child Transmission
🅳️ Prevention of Plasma Transmission
Q5. Which national strategy targets ending HIV by 2030?
🅰️ NPHCE
🅱️ RKSK
✅ 🅲️ NACP-V
🅳️ RMNCH+A
📘 Important for: NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, RRB, GPSC, BSc/GNM Nursing, Community Health Nursing & Disaster Management Exams
Emergency and Disaster Services involve timely preparedness, response, rescue, relief, rehabilitation, and recovery during natural or man-made disasters to protect health, life, and property.
📖 As per WHO: “A disaster is an event that causes disruption to normal life, affecting people’s health, safety, or environment.”
✔️ Save lives and prevent injuries
✔️ Provide emergency medical aid
✔️ Prevent disease outbreaks
✔️ Minimize property damage
✔️ Facilitate early recovery and rehabilitation
✔️ Support psychosocial well-being
| 🌍 Natural Disasters | 🏭 Man-made Disasters |
|---|---|
| Earthquakes | Industrial accidents |
| Floods | Fires and explosions |
| Cyclones | Chemical spills |
| Droughts | Nuclear/biological threats |
| Tsunami | War, terrorism |
| Landslides | Transportation accidents |
| Pandemic (COVID-19) | Communal riots |
| 🔄 Phase | 📋 Activities |
|---|---|
| 🧠 Preparedness | Planning, drills, stockpiling, training |
| ⚠️ Mitigation | Risk reduction (e.g. earthquake-safe buildings) |
| 🚨 Response | Rescue, triage, first aid, shelter |
| 🛠️ Recovery | Restoration of services, rehab, counseling |
| 📚 Evaluation | Reviewing effectiveness, making improvements |
🟢 Participate in disaster drills & mock trainings
🟢 Provide first aid, triage, and CPR
🟢 Manage mass casualty incidents
🟢 Coordinate shelter and sanitation
🟢 Maintain emergency kits and records
🟢 Offer mental health support to victims
🟢 Educate community on disaster preparedness
🔸 First aid kit
🔸 Drinking water (3-day supply)
🔸 Non-perishable food
🔸 Flashlight & batteries
🔸 Whistle & face mask
🔸 Personal hygiene items
🔸 Important documents & cash
| 🏢 Agency | 💡 Role |
|---|---|
| NDMA (2005) | National Disaster Management Authority – policy making |
| NDRF | National Disaster Response Force – specialized rescue |
| SDMA | State Disaster Management Authority |
| Red Cross Society | Medical aid & shelter |
| Civil Defence & Police | Law & order, safety |
| Army, Navy, Air Force | Search and rescue in large-scale disasters |
🟨 NDMA was established in 2005 under the Disaster Management Act
🟨 NDRF is India’s specialized response force for disasters
🟨 Triage is the process of prioritizing patients based on urgency
🟨 Nurses play a key role in rescue, triage, and emotional support
🟨 Go-bag must contain basic survival items for at least 72 hours
Q1. What is the first phase of disaster management?
🅰️ Mitigation
✅ 🅱️ Preparedness
🅲️ Response
🅳️ Recovery
Q2. When was NDMA established?
🅰️ 2003
✅ 🅱️ 2005
🅲️ 2008
🅳️ 2010
Q3. What does NDRF stand for?
🅰️ National Disaster Rehabilitation Force
✅ 🅱️ National Disaster Response Force
🅲️ National Defense Relief Force
🅳️ National Disaster Recovery Force
Q4. Which of the following is NOT a natural disaster?
🅰️ Flood
🅱️ Earthquake
✅ 🅲️ Chemical spill
🅳️ Tsunami
Q5. What is the role of triage in disaster response?
🅰️ Transport victims
🅱️ Give IV fluids
✅ 🅲️ Prioritize patients by severity
🅳️ Provide funeral services
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community/Public Health Exams
Mobile Medical Units (MMUs) are specially designed vehicles equipped with doctors, nurses, diagnostic tools, and medicines that deliver primary healthcare services to remote, inaccessible, tribal, hilly, and underserved areas.
🛠️ They operate under National Health Mission (NHM) and state-specific health initiatives.
✔️ Provide primary healthcare at the doorstep
✔️ Increase access in remote/rural areas
✔️ Reduce out-of-pocket expenditure
✔️ Support in epidemic/outbreak response
✔️ Promote preventive and promotive care
✅ Tribal and hilly populations
✅ Remote rural villagers
✅ Disaster-affected areas
✅ Homeless or migratory populations
✅ Elderly and disabled in underserved regions
| 🧩 Service Area | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🩺 General OPD | Consultation by doctor and nurse |
| 💊 Medicines | On-the-spot free distribution of essential drugs |
| 🧪 Diagnostics | Basic tests: BP, blood sugar, Hb, malaria, urine tests |
| 👶 Maternal & Child Care | ANC/PNC, immunization, nutrition counseling |
| 📣 Health Education | IEC on hygiene, sanitation, NCDs, family planning |
| 🚨 Referral Services | Referrals to higher-level health facilities |
| 🦠 Outbreak Response | Support during epidemics (e.g. COVID, dengue) |
🔹 BP apparatus, glucometer, weighing scale
🔹 Basic lab kits for malaria, hemoglobin, pregnancy
🔹 Refrigerator for vaccines
🔹 Audio-visual IEC aids
🔹 Patient registration and reporting tablets/laptops
| 👥 Personnel | 💡 Role |
|---|---|
| 👨⚕️ Medical Officer | Diagnosis, treatment |
| 👩⚕️ Nurse/ANM | Medication, patient education |
| 💉 Lab Technician | Conduct basic investigations |
| 🧑🔧 Pharmacist | Dispense medicines |
| 🚐 Driver | Operates vehicle, supports outreach |
| 📋 Data Entry Operator (optional) | Maintains records & reporting |
✅ Provide mobile triage and first aid
✅ Support in mass immunization & disease control
✅ Can be converted into mini ICUs/ambulances in disaster-hit zones
✅ Act as COVID testing & vaccination vans (recent example)
🟨 MMUs are mobile primary healthcare vans under NHM
🟨 They bring healthcare to the doorstep of underserved areas
🟨 MMUs offer OPD, diagnostics, immunization & IEC
🟨 Each MMU is staffed with doctor, nurse, lab tech, pharmacist
🟨 MMUs played a critical role during COVID-19 in remote testing & vaccination
Q1. MMUs operate primarily under which health mission?
🅰️ JSY
🅱️ NPHCE
✅ 🅲️ NHM
🅳️ RBSK
Q2. Which of the following is NOT a service offered by MMUs?
🅰️ Basic OPD
🅱️ Diagnostics
✅ 🅲️ Heart Surgery
🅳️ Immunization
Q3. MMUs are particularly useful in which of the following areas?
🅰️ Urban cities
✅ 🅱️ Remote, tribal and hilly areas
🅲️ International zones
🅳️ Private hospitals
Q4. Which professional is NOT typically part of an MMU team?
🅰️ Medical Officer
🅱️ Nurse
🅲️ Pharmacist
✅ 🅳️ Surgeon
Q5. One major role of MMUs during the COVID-19 pandemic was:
🅰️ Conducting heart surgeries
✅ 🅱️ Testing and vaccinating in remote areas
🅲️ Promoting tourism
🅳️ Distributing currency
📘 Relevant for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, RRB, GPSC, BSc/GNM Nursing, Community Health Nursing & Public Health Exams
Tribal Health Services aim to deliver accessible, affordable, and culturally sensitive healthcare to India’s Scheduled Tribes (ST) – who often reside in remote, forested, and hilly areas with limited access to medical facilities.
🔍 As per Census 2011, tribal population = ~8.6% of India’s population, spread across 700+ tribal communities.
✔️ Reduce Infant & Maternal Mortality in tribal areas
✔️ Improve nutrition and immunization coverage
✔️ Control communicable diseases (Malaria, TB, Leprosy)
✔️ Ensure access to ANC/PNC and institutional deliveries
✔️ Prevent and treat sickle cell disease & malaria
✔️ Integrate traditional & modern health systems
| 🚨 Issue | 📌 Details |
|---|---|
| 🦠 Communicable Diseases | Malaria, TB, Leprosy, Diarrhea |
| 🍽️ Malnutrition | High prevalence in women and children |
| 👶 Maternal Health | Low ANC, high home deliveries |
| 🧬 Genetic Disorders | Sickle Cell Anemia, G6PD deficiency |
| 🚫 Substance Abuse | Alcohol, tobacco, locally brewed substances |
| 📚 Poor Awareness | Health illiteracy and superstition |
| 📋 Scheme/Initiative | 🧾 Focus |
|---|---|
| 📍 National Tribal Health Mission (NTHM) | Launched by MoHFW in 2023 for targeted tribal health |
| 👶 Vandematram Scheme | Safe motherhood & institutional deliveries |
| 🚐 MMUs (Mobile Medical Units) | Reaches remote tribal villages |
| 🧬 National Sickle Cell Mission (2023) | Early detection & management of sickle cell anemia |
| 🧒 RBSK & RKSK | Child and adolescent health in tribal blocks |
| 🏞️ Tribal Sub-Plan (TSP) | Funding for tribal welfare & healthcare services |
| 👩⚕️ ASHAs in tribal areas | Special training & incentives for tribal outreach |
| 🏥 Level | ⚙️ Facility Type |
|---|---|
| Village Level | ASHA, Anganwadi, Health Volunteers |
| Sub-centre | ANM, health education, immunization |
| PHC/CHC | OPD, maternal health, lab, referral |
| Tribal Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) | Primary care with NCD screening |
| Referral Hospital | District-level tribal health facility |
🟢 Conduct home visits and health check-ups
🟢 Identify malnutrition, anemia, high-risk pregnancies
🟢 Administer immunizations and IFA tablets
🟢 Educate on hygiene, sanitation, and safe delivery
🟢 Help in disease surveillance (malaria, TB)
🟢 Promote institutional delivery and newborn care
🟢 Train and support tribal health volunteers/ASHA
🟨 8.6% of India’s population belongs to Scheduled Tribes
🟨 NTHM (2023) is India’s tribal-focused health mission
🟨 Sickle Cell Mission launched to control inherited diseases in tribes
🟨 MMUs and ASHAs are backbones of tribal outreach
🟨 Tribal Health & Wellness Centres promote primary and preventive care
Q1. What percentage of India’s population is tribal (Census 2011)?
🅰️ 6.2%
🅱️ 7.1%
✅ 🅲️ 8.6%
🅳️ 9.2%
Q2. Which disease is genetically common in tribal populations?
🅰️ Tuberculosis
🅱️ Diabetes
✅ 🅲️ Sickle Cell Anemia
🅳️ Hypertension
Q3. Which mobile health service reaches remote tribal areas?
🅰️ eSanjeevani
🅱️ RMNCH+A
✅ 🅲️ Mobile Medical Units (MMUs)
🅳️ Janani Shishu Suraksha
Q4. What is the main aim of the National Tribal Health Mission (NTHM)?
🅰️ Urban health
🅱️ Financial assistance
✅ 🅲️ Improve health status of tribal populations
🅳️ Dental care
Q5. Who is the key frontline worker in tribal health delivery?
🅰️ Doctor
✅ 🅱️ ASHA
🅲️ Block Health Officer
🅳️ Pharmacist
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing, CHN & Public Health Exams
Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs) are a flagship initiative under Ayushman Bharat (2018) to strengthen primary healthcare and deliver comprehensive, equitable, and quality care closer to communities.
🎯 Motto: “Sarvajan Swasthya” – Health for All”
✔️ Deliver Comprehensive Primary Health Care (CPHC)
✔️ Ensure universal access to healthcare services
✔️ Focus on wellness and prevention, not just treatment
✔️ Strengthen referral linkages and continuum of care
✔️ Reduce out-of-pocket expenditure on health
| 🏥 Type | 🧾 Facility Upgraded |
|---|---|
| Sub Health Centre-HWC | Upgraded Sub-Centre (SC) with CHO, ANMs |
| PHC-HWC | Primary Health Centre (PHC) providing OPD services |
| Urban PHC-HWC | Urban PHC upgraded under National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) |
| 🔹 Service Area | 💡 Examples |
|---|---|
| 🧬 NCD Screening & Management | BP, Diabetes, Cancer screening (oral, breast, cervical) |
| 👶 Maternal & Child Health | ANC/PNC, immunization, nutrition |
| 💊 Drugs & Diagnostics | Free essential medicines and tests |
| 🧠 Mental Health | Counseling, stress management |
| 🦠 Communicable Disease Control | TB, leprosy, vector-borne disease management |
| 🧘♀️ Wellness Promotion | Yoga, lifestyle education, fitness sessions |
| 🚺 Adolescent & Menstrual Care | Iron-folic acid, MHS, counseling |
| 🩺 Oral, Eye, ENT Care | Basic screening, referral |
| 👥 Staff | 💼 Role |
|---|---|
| CHO (Community Health Officer) | Team leader and primary care provider |
| ANM / MPHW | Maternal-child services, immunization |
| ASHA workers | Community outreach and home visits |
| Pharmacist/Lab tech | Dispensing and diagnostics (at PHC-HWC) |
✅ e-Sanjeevani: Teleconsultation platform
✅ Real-time Health Management Information System (HMIS)
✅ Digital Health ID (ABHA card) integration under ABDM
🟨 HWCs were launched in 2018 under Ayushman Bharat
🟨 They deliver comprehensive primary health care (CPHC)
🟨 Each SHC-HWC is managed by a Community Health Officer (CHO)
🟨 HWCs provide free NCD screening, medicines, and yoga sessions
🟨 eSanjeevani supports telemedicine at HWCs
Q1. HWCs are a part of which national health initiative?
🅰️ JSY
🅱️ NUHM
✅ 🅲️ Ayushman Bharat
🅳️ RBSK
Q2. What is the full form of CPHC?
🅰️ Community Primary Health Centre
✅ 🅱️ Comprehensive Primary Health Care
🅲️ Centralized Patient Health Centre
🅳️ Community Program for Health Care
Q3. Who leads a Sub Health Centre-level HWC?
🅰️ ANM
🅱️ Doctor
✅ 🅲️ Community Health Officer (CHO)
🅳️ Staff Nurse
Q4. Which service is NOT provided at HWCs?
🅰️ BP & diabetes screening
🅱️ Yoga & fitness
🅲️ Immunization
✅ 🅳️ Neurosurgery
Q5. What is “eSanjeevani”?
🅰️ Health insurance scheme
🅱️ Blood donation app
✅ 🅲️ Telemedicine consultation service
🅳️ Nutrition tracking tool
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, RKSK, RBSK, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing, and CHN Exams
Adolescent Friendly Health Clinics (AFHCs) are specialized facilities under RKSK (Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram) designed to provide confidential, accessible, and non-judgmental health services to adolescents aged 10–19 years.
🌟 AFHCs promote safe transitions into adulthood by addressing physical, reproductive, and emotional health.
✔️ Offer confidential and friendly healthcare
✔️ Provide counseling and clinical services to adolescents
✔️ Promote safe sexual & reproductive health
✔️ Address issues like nutrition, mental health, substance abuse
✔️ Reduce stigma and increase adolescent access to care
📍 Primary Health Centres (PHCs)
📍 Community Health Centres (CHCs)
📍 District Hospitals (DHs)
🗓️ AFHCs usually operate once or twice a week with designated trained staff.
| 🔹 Service Area | 💡 Details |
|---|---|
| 🧠 Counseling Services | Puberty, menstruation, mental health, career stress |
| 🧬 Reproductive & Sexual Health | RTI/STI screening, contraceptive advice |
| 💊 Clinical Services | Minor ailments, anemia, skin issues |
| 🧽 Nutrition Counseling | Iron-Folic Acid (IFA) distribution, diet advice |
| 🧼 Menstrual Hygiene Management | Pad distribution, menstrual education |
| 🚫 Substance Abuse Prevention | Awareness & behavior change communication |
| 📣 IEC/BCC Activities | Posters, peer group discussions, flipbooks |
| 👨⚕️ Staff | 💼 Responsibilities |
|---|---|
| Medical Officer/Nurse | Consultation, treatment, education |
| Counselor (RKSK-trained) | Individual & group counseling |
| ANM/MPHW | Follow-up, record-keeping, outreach |
| Peer Educators | Community mobilization & awareness |
✔️ Menstrual problems (e.g., dysmenorrhea)
✔️ Body image issues
✔️ Acne, weight problems
✔️ Mood swings, depression
✔️ Early/forced marriage, abuse
✔️ Peer pressure, bullying
✔️ Lack of sexual health awareness
🌈 Respect
🤝 Non-judgmental attitude
🔐 Privacy and confidentiality
🗣️ Use of simple, adolescent-friendly language
🙋 Opportunity to ask questions freely
🟨 AFHCs function under RKSK
🟨 Adolescents aged 10–19 years are the target group
🟨 Counseling and treatment are provided by trained staff
🟨 Services include sexual health, nutrition, mental health
🟨 Peer educators help spread awareness and build trust
Q1. AFHCs are mainly established under which program?
🅰️ JSY
🅱️ RBSK
✅ 🅲️ RKSK
🅳️ NPHCE
Q2. What is the age group targeted by AFHCs?
🅰️ 0–5 years
🅱️ 20–40 years
✅ 🅲️ 10–19 years
🅳️ 13–30 years
Q3. Who provides counseling in AFHCs?
🅰️ ASHA only
🅱️ Surgeon
✅ 🅲️ Trained counselor or nurse
🅳️ Pharmacist
Q4. Which of the following services is NOT provided at AFHCs?
🅰️ Menstrual hygiene counseling
🅱️ Contraceptive advice
🅲️ Blood transfusion
✅ 🅳️ Neurosurgery
Q5. AFHCs ensure which key principle during adolescent care?
🅰️ Fear
🅱️ Criticism
✅ 🅲️ Confidentiality
🅳️ Cost-based consultation
📘 Important for NORCET, NHM, AIIMS, GPSC, RRB, BSc/GNM Nursing & Community/Public Health Exams
AYUSH stands for:
🔸 A – Ayurveda
🔸 Y – Yoga & Naturopathy
🔸 U – Unani
🔸 S – Siddha
🔸 H – Homoeopathy
These are India’s traditional systems of medicine, officially recognized and promoted by the Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India (established in 2014).
✔️ Provide holistic and alternative health care
✔️ Integrate AYUSH with modern allopathic medicine
✔️ Promote preventive, promotive & curative healthcare
✔️ Encourage local, low-cost traditional treatments
✔️ Ensure availability of AYUSH services at grassroots level
| 🏥 Facility Level | 💼 AYUSH Integration |
|---|---|
| Sub Centres (SCs) | AYUSH kits & basic remedies by ANM/MPW |
| Primary Health Centres (PHCs) | AYUSH Medical Officer + OPD + herbal garden |
| Community Health Centres (CHCs) | Co-located AYUSH units with specialized services |
| District Hospitals | Full-fledged AYUSH wings |
| AYUSH Hospitals/Colleges | Standalone institutes with inpatient and research units |
| 🔹 System | 🧾 Highlights |
|---|---|
| Ayurveda | Based on tridosha theory (Vata, Pitta, Kapha), uses herbs, diet, Panchakarma |
| Yoga | Mind-body balance through asanas, pranayama, meditation |
| Unani | Based on 4 humors; uses herbal/mineral medications |
| Siddha | Ancient Tamil system focusing on lifestyle & herbal formulations |
| Homoeopathy | “Like cures like” principle; highly diluted remedies |
🔸 OPD care in PHC/CHC
🔸 Free distribution of herbal medicines
🔸 Panchakarma & massage therapy
🔸 Yoga sessions for wellness & mental health
🔸 IEC on immunity & seasonal health
🔸 Special camps on NCDs, anemia, arthritis, skin disorders
🔸 School & adolescent health programs
🟢 Educate patients on benefits of traditional systems
🟢 Assist in yoga therapy sessions
🟢 Administer AYUSH-prepared medications
🟢 Support in herbal garden management
🟢 Promote hygiene, nutrition & seasonal health tips
🟢 Refer patients between AYUSH and allopathic systems
🔹 Ministry of AYUSH (2014)
🔹 National AYUSH Mission (NAM) – launched in 2014 to strengthen AYUSH infrastructure
🔹 CCRAS, CCRH, CCRYN – research councils under AYUSH
🔹 AYUSH Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs) under Ayushman Bharat
🟨 AYUSH Ministry was formed in 2014
🟨 NAM aims to mainstream AYUSH at all health levels
🟨 Yoga & Naturopathy are essential in preventive healthcare
🟨 Tridosha theory is central to Ayurveda
🟨 Homoeopathy uses minimum dose principle
Q1. AYUSH stands for which of the following?
🅰️ Allopathy, Yoga, Urology, Siddha, Herbal
🅱️ Ayurveda, Yoga, Urology, Siddha, Homoeopathy
✅ 🅲️ Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathy
🅳️ Ayurveda, Youth, Urine, Siddha, Health
Q2. When was the Ministry of AYUSH established?
🅰️ 2005
🅱️ 2010
✅ 🅲️ 2014
🅳️ 2020
Q3. What is the core principle of Homoeopathy?
🅰️ Four humors
🅱️ Panchakarma
✅ 🅲️ Like cures like
🅳️ Hot and cold foods
Q4. What is Panchakarma used in?
🅰️ Yoga
🅱️ Unani
✅ 🅲️ Ayurveda
🅳️ Homoeopathy
Q5. Which program supports co-location of AYUSH in PHC/CHC?
🅰️ JSSK
🅱️ RKSK
✅ 🅲️ National AYUSH Mission (NAM)
🅳️ NACP