🧠 Important for Nursing Competitive Exams – NORCET, AIIMS, NHM, RRB, ESIC, NCLEX
The National Health Policy (NHP) 1983 was India’s first official health policy, aimed at providing universal, comprehensive, and equitable health care for all citizens.
📅 Launched in: 1983
📘 First policy to define a national health vision
To provide universal access to primary healthcare services for the entire population, especially rural and underserved communities, through an integrated and decentralized system.
✔️ Achieve Health for All by the year 2000 (as per WHO declaration)
✔️ Establish a network of primary health care services
✔️ Emphasize preventive, promotive, and rehabilitative services
✔️ Promote equity and community participation
✔️ Encourage the use of local and indigenous systems of medicine (AYUSH)
| 🛠️ Area | 🧾 Details |
|---|---|
| 🏥 Primary Healthcare Focus | Establish SCs, PHCs, CHCs to cover rural population |
| 🎓 Health Manpower Development | Increase number of doctors, nurses, and MPHWs |
| 👨👩👧👦 Community Involvement | Training of local dais, village health guides |
| 🧪 Disease Control | Focus on malaria, TB, leprosy, blindness, diarrhoea |
| 🧬 Integration of Systems | Promotion of AYUSH with allopathic system |
| 🏛️ Decentralized Planning | Health planning at block and district level |
| 🎯 Indicator | 📌 Target |
|---|---|
| IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) | < 60/1000 live births |
| MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) | < 200/100,000 live births |
| TFR (Total Fertility Rate) | 2.1 |
| Life Expectancy | ≥ 64 years |
| Eradicate smallpox (✅ achieved) | |
| Eliminate major communicable diseases | e.g., polio, leprosy, TB |
✔️ Provide primary care at SC/PHC level
✔️ Lead immunization and family planning programs
✔️ Train village health guides and dais
✔️ Encourage health education and sanitation
✔️ Participate in maternal & child health services
✅ Q1. In which year was the first National Health Policy launched?
🅰️ 1983
✅ Q2. What was the goal year for Health for All under NHP 1983?
🅰️ 2000
✅ Q3. What system of medicine was promoted along with allopathy?
🅰️ AYUSH
✅ Q4. What was the target IMR by the year 2000?
🅰️ < 60 per 1000 live births
✅ Q5. Who were trained under the community-based approach?
🅰️ Dais and village health guides
🧠 Important for NORCET, AIIMS, NHM, RRB, ESIC, NCLEX
The National Health Policy (NHP) 2002 was introduced to enhance the healthcare delivery system in India and achieve an acceptable standard of good health for the population.
📅 Year of Launch: 2002
🧭 Preceded by: NHP – 1983
📘 Succeeded by: NHP – 2017
✔️ Achieve an acceptable level of health for all
✔️ Increase access to primary healthcare
✔️ Improve health status of vulnerable groups (women, children, tribal & rural population)
✔️ Promote decentralized and participatory health management
✔️ Encourage public-private partnerships (PPP)
| 🎯 Indicator | 📅 Target Year | 📌 Goal |
|---|---|---|
| IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) | 2010 | < 30 per 1000 live births |
| MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) | 2010 | < 100 per 100,000 live births |
| TFR (Total Fertility Rate) | 2010 | Replacement level (2.1) |
| Life Expectancy | 2015 | > 65 years |
| Eradicate Polio & Yaws | 2005 | ✅ Achieved |
| Eliminate Leprosy | 2005 | ✅ Achieved |
| Eliminate Kala-azar | 2010 | ⚠️ In progress |
| Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis | 2015 | ⚠️ In progress |
| TB control (reduce prevalence by 50%) | 2010 | Through RNTCP |
🔹 Improve availability of primary, secondary & tertiary services
🔹 Strengthen rural health system
🔹 Promote health insurance schemes for the poor
🔹 Enhance training of paramedical and nursing staff
🔹 Fill vacancies in rural areas
🔹 Promote Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (AYUSH)
🔹 Encourage private sector investment
🔹 Involve NGOs in health delivery
🔹 Set quality standards for private providers
🔹 Empower Panchayati Raj Institutions
🔹 Community participation in health planning
| 💸 Parameter | 🎯 Target |
|---|---|
| Govt. expenditure on health | ⬆️ to 2% of GDP by 2010 |
| State-level budget allocation | Minimum 7% of total budget for health |
✔️ Deliver essential services at grassroots
✔️ Support in maternal-child health, immunization, and health education
✔️ Participate in disease control programs
✔️ Promote sanitation, nutrition, and hygiene
✔️ Assist in training and community mobilization
✅ Q1. In which year was NHP 2002 launched?
🅰️ 2002
✅ Q2. What was the IMR target in NHP 2002?
🅰️ < 30/1000 live births by 2010
✅ Q3. What was the target life expectancy by 2015?
🅰️ More than 65 years
✅ Q4. Which traditional systems of medicine were promoted under NHP 2002?
🅰️ AYUSH
✅ Q5. What was the proposed government health expenditure goal?
🅰️ 2% of GDP by 2010
🧠 Essential for Nursing Competitive Exams – NORCET, AIIMS, NHM, RRB, ESIC, NCLEX
🔹 The National Health Policy 2017 is India’s official policy document that outlines the vision, goals, and strategies for achieving universal health coverage and improving the health status of all citizens.
📆 Released by: Ministry of Health & Family Welfare
📌 Launched on: 16 March 2017
🧭 Replaces: National Health Policy of 2002
“Attainment of the highest possible level of health and well-being for all at all ages through a preventive and promotive healthcare orientation.”
| 🎯 Goal | 📅 Target Year |
|---|---|
| ⬇️ Reduce IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) to 23 | By 2025 |
| ⬇️ Reduce MMR (Maternal Mortality Ratio) to 100 | By 2020 |
| ⬇️ Reduce TFR (Total Fertility Rate) to 2.1 | By 2025 |
| ⬇️ Under-5 Mortality Rate to 23 | By 2025 |
| ⬇️ Neonatal Mortality Rate to 16 | By 2025 |
| ⬇️ Prevalence of blindness to 0.25/1000 | By 2025 |
| 🧪 Eliminate Kala-azar, Filariasis, Leprosy | By 2017–2020 |
✔️ Health as a right
✔️ Shift focus from sick care to wellness
✔️ Strengthen primary healthcare
✔️ Increase government health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP by 2025
✔️ Promote AYUSH integration
✔️ Digital health records and IT-based health systems
✔️ Free drugs, diagnostics, and emergency care
✔️ Encourage Public-Private Partnership (PPP)
1️⃣ Comprehensive Primary Health Care via Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs)
2️⃣ Strengthening health infrastructure at rural & urban levels
3️⃣ Promoting health insurance coverage – like Ayushman Bharat
4️⃣ Focus on non-communicable diseases (NCDs)
5️⃣ Improve health workforce training and HR policies
6️⃣ Establishing National Health Accounts
7️⃣ Strong emphasis on gender-sensitive, equity-based healthcare
| 📊 Parameter | 📅 Target |
|---|---|
| Health expenditure = 2.5% of GDP | By 2025 |
| Out-of-pocket expenditure ⬇️ to < 30% | Of total health expenditure |
✔️ Act as frontline providers in HWCs
✔️ Deliver preventive & promotive care
✔️ Help in health education & behavior change
✔️ Assist in maternal, child & elderly health
✔️ Maintain digital health records
✔️ Engage in community-based screening (BP, diabetes, cancer)
✅ Q1. When was the National Health Policy 2017 launched?
🅰️ 16 March 2017
✅ Q2. What is the target GDP expenditure on health by 2025?
🅰️ 2.5% of GDP
✅ Q3. What is the target Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) by 2025?
🅰️ 23 per 1000 live births
✅ Q4. What is the focus shift in NHP 2017?
🅰️ From sick care to wellness
✅ Q5. What is the role of Health & Wellness Centres under NHP?
🅰️ Delivering comprehensive primary health care