only As per syllabus
Introduction
a) Meaning of food, nutrition,
nutrients etc.
b) Food habits and customs
c) Factors affecting nutrition
d) Changing concepts in food and
nutrition.
e) Relation of Nutrition to Health
a) Meaning of food, nutrition :-
🍇 FOOD-food
Food is any edible material that supports the development, repair and maintenance of the body.
Any food item that we take or eat to meet our daily nutritional requirements is known as food.
What food does to the body depends on the type of nutrients the food contains. They get all the nutrients required by the body through food
➤ It is one of the basic necessities of life.
➤ It fulfills our daily requirement of nutrition.
➤ It provides energy for all activities.
➤ Helps fight diseases when we get sick.
🍇NUTRITION-Nutrition
Nutrition is the process by which the body uses food for its growth and maintenance and healthy living. Nutrition is a combination of processes by which a living organism obtains food and uses the materials obtained from it for growth and repair.
➤ Nutrition is the science that describes the interaction of nutrients and other substances in food in relation to maintenance, growth, reproduction, health and disease.
➤ It involves food intake, digestion, absorption and excretion.
🍇 Nutrient – Nutrient
These are food components that are essential for survival and growth.
Types:
✓Micro-Nutrient-Vitamins and Minerals are required in small amounts
✓ Macro-Nutrient – Protein, Carbohydrate, Fat are required in large quantities
If it is lacking, it can lead to deficiency
Adequate intake of all food factors in the diet such as protein (pulses, pulses), fat (ghee, oil, butter), carbohydrates (bread, rice), vitamins (fruits, green vegetables), minerals (green vegetables) and water is necessary. The food taken in daily routine should be able to provide energy and calories to the body, which is called nutrient
🍈 b) Food Habits and customs
Different and diverse people live in our country so they have different ways of selecting, cooking, serving and eating food.
Why they eat, how they eat and what food they eat also depends on their habits and customs
In our country, different food is used according to the family.
🍉 c) Write a Factors affecting nutrition (IMP)
During periods of rapid growth (eg infancy and adolescence) people have higher nutrient requirements.
On the other hand, the elderly (old age) require fewer calories and dietary changes.
Men and women have different nutrient requirements due to body composition and reproductive functions.
Men – Larger body mass requires more calories and protein.
Women – Menstruation requires more iron.
Pregnant and lactating mothers have increased calorie and fluid requirements
3.Ethnicity & Culture
A person in North India would have wheat as his staple food.
The variety of rice is also different, as the people of Tamil Nadu eat white rice
In Kerala a person eats red/brown rice, which is more nutritious.
In most communities in India women and girls eat only after the men and boys have finished their meal.
Yoghurt and Mosambi food are not taken by a person suffering from cold and cough.
4.Social Factors/Superstitions
Many people believe in superstitions and try to avoid certain foods.
Papaya is avoided during pregnancy, as it is believed to cause abortion.
Pregnant women drink milk with saffron for white baby.
Many Hindus are vegetarians.
Jains do not eat after sunset.
Muslims are forbidden to eat pork.
Hindus do not eat beef
6.Traditional Factors
Traditional cooking practices also act as a barrier to achieving a balanced diet.
Use of ex-polished rice
Drain the water from the rice
Boiling vegetables causes a great loss of nutrients.
to fast
7.Economic Factors
Food choices are based on affordability.
A daily wage earner will spend more on staple foods than fruits and vegetables.
They rely on grains, low-cost green leafy vegetables, and roots and tubers. A rich person eats a variety of foods.
People in the coastal areas of Karnataka, Kerala, Goa and West Bengal consume large amounts of seafood.
Rice is the staple food in South India (Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu).
Wheat is the staple food of the northern and eastern regions. Because wheat is the staple crop in temperate regions.
9.Life Style
Food forms part of festivals, parties and celebrations.
The way a person lives his life influences his food habits.
Work routine and time at work also affect eating habits
10.Other Factors
health condition
Farming
Availability
Education status
🍌 d) Changing concepts in food and
nutrition.(Changing Concepts in Food and Nutrition)
Currently, many concepts regarding food and nutrition have changed over the years
People used to focus only on macronutrients but now they are focusing on micronutrients
Due to the green revolution, the farming practices of the people have improved a lot so that good crops can be obtained
People are getting better agricultural produce by using organic fertilizers
Hybridization of seeds has increased their productivity and nutritional value
The White Revolution
In which milk cooperatives will be formed
Making milk and its various products available
People have now realized how important food and nutrition are for health
🍎 e) Relation of Nutrition to Health
Relationship of nutrition to health.
Good nutrition is a basic component of health. The relation of nutrition to health can be understood by the following baabto.
(1) Growth & Development:-
Good nutrition is essential for the physical and mental growth and development of a person from pregnancy to death. If there is a deficiency of food, the growth and development of the person is not normal.
(2)Specific deficiency:-
Special types of defects and diseases are seen in a person due to insufficient food. E.g. Anemia due to vitamin-A deficiency, anemia due to iron deficiency, osteoporosis due to calcium deficiency etc. Thus, nutrition has a direct relationship with the health of a person.
(3) Resistance to infection:-
Certain nutrients also play an important role in preventing a person from contracting any disease. Like Vitamin-C, Vitamin-D, Protein, Minerals etc.
(4) Mortality & Morbidity:-
Diseases called Marasmus (Marasmus) and Kwashiorkor (kwashiorkor) occur in young children due to protein calorie malnourishment due to insufficient food. So the rate of illness and death is more in young children.