Air:

Composition of air

Airborne diseases

Air pollution and its effect on health

Control of air pollution and use of safety
measures.

✫ Define air pollution:

Definition:
Air pollution refers to the presence of foreign bodies…
Smoke, noxious gases, dust, vapors, particulate matter in the atmosphere which are harmful to humans, animals, plants, buildings and monuments.
✫ Explain cleaning mechanism of air:

flow of air

Rain

Oxygen and ozone

sunlight

plant life
✫ Discuss appropriate measures for prevention and control of each type of environmental pollution:

These include:-

Containment method-

In this method, pollutants are prevented from escaping from their source into the surrounding air.
This is done by various mechanical devices e.g. Exhaust fan, suction apparatus, air cleaning device etc. in factories.

Replacement method- In this method, the polluting substances and processes are replaced by non-polluting substances and processes.
E.g. Use of CNG instead of diesel in automobiles, use of unleaded petrol, use of solar cookers.

Dilution : Refers to the reduction of pollutants in the air which can be done by extensive planting of trees and vegetation around industrial and residential areas. E.g. Establishing green plants.

Disinfectant of air-

This method includes mechanical ventilation which helps to reduce the ventilated air and bacteria density, ultraviolet radiation to disinfect the operation theatre.

Legislation method-

It refers to the establishment of the Prevention and Control of Pollution Act, 1981

International action:

There are international operational-regional centers at London, Washington, Moscow, Nagpur and Tokyo.

Mechanical ventilation

dust control

Management of transport and road traffic.
✫ To explain uses of safety measures of air pollution:

Establishment and strengthening of Industrial Population Control Boards at the State and Center.

Reform environmental tax to curb pollution

Plantation by Government and Voluntary Organisation

reforestation

Industries should be moved away from residential areas

Proper waste disposal method should be used

Traveling in private vehicles

Mask, glasses and helmet should be used while driving

alternative fuel

Developing green belts around industries and residential areas

Cross ventilation

Avoid smoking cigarettes.