CHN – II – DRUGS.

Paracetamol

dose
250,500, 650 mg
1 gm in adults.

Route :- Oral, I.V, I.M & I.V Infusion

group –

Antipyretic-a

Analgesic

brand name

Panadol-Panadol

Calpol-Calpol

Tylenol

Alvedon-Alvedon

Mode of Action-

Paracetamol inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandin which is reduced by the active forms cox 1 and cox 2.
It exerts central anaesthetic effects through activation of the descending cerato-nergic pathway.

Indication of paracetamol-
Fever
Head ache-head one
Tension
Migraine-migraine
backache
Muscle pain Toothache-Muscle pain Toothache
Menstrual pain
a cold
sore throat-throat pain
Pain in the sinuses

Contraindication of paracetamol-

Allergic reaction-allergic reaction

Liver and kidney problem etc

Side effects-Side effects

Feel tired

Shortness of breath, blue lips and fingers-Difficulty in breathing lips and fingers turn blue

Anemia

Liver and kidney damage-

If there is high blood pressure, hard disease and stroke can occur.-If there is high blood pressure, hard disease and stroke can occur.

Nursing Responsibility –

Assessing the patient’s pain before administering the meditation.

Checking the pain level.

Which will help the health care provider to identify the dose.

Checking the temperature.

Check for allergic reactions.

🏹 Famotidine –

group

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist or H2 blocker antacid

dose –

20 mg, 40 mg

Route:-Oral

Mode of Action-

Famotidine reduces gastric acid production and suppresses pepsin content and acid concentration.
Reduces the volume of HCL and blocks the H2 receptor.

brand name-
Pepsid and Zantac-Pepsid and Zantac

Indications of Famo Tidine-

Duodenal ulcer-duodenal ulcer
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Heart burn
Heart burn-indigestion
Stomach ulcer-stomach ulcer

Contraindication of Famotidine

Hypersensitivity-Hyper sensitivity
Cross-sensitivity TVT of H2 RAS- Cross-sensitivity TVT of H2 RAS

Side effects-

headache
Dizziness
Constipation
Diarrhoea
worry
Peeling of the skin
Blood in stool and urine- Blood in stool and urine
Difficulty breathing
Rapid pulse.-Pulse to become fast.

Nursing Responsibility-Nursing Responsibility

Monitor if any side effects occur.
Assessing abdominal pain.
To monitor CBC, fluid and fiber intake regularly.

🏹 Dicyclomine tablet

Group :-

antispasmodic,

Anticholinergic OR-anticholinergic OR

antimuscarinic

And it is sometimes used as an antiemetic.

Dose

20-40mg (when given orally),
10- 20mg (when given IM-intramuscular),
Never give an IV.

Synonyms

Dicyclovarine
Die Cyclo Varinum,
Dicyclovir,-Dicyclovir,
Di cycloverina.-Di cycloverina.

MOA (Mode of Action)

These are anticholinergics that act on the acetylcholine receptor,

The first effect is to block the acetylcholine receptor. Acetyl choline causes muscle spasm.

Another function of its effect on the smooth muscles is that it relaxes the smooth muscles in the intestine so that the spasms that are present in the muscles are reduced.

Use

Can be used for functional bowel disorders and irritable bowel syndrome,

It reduces the spasm that occurs in the stomach and intestines and relaxes its muscles.

Take this medicine four times a day with or without food as directed by the doctor.

This medicine should be taken initially with a low dose and then with a high dose as prescribed by the doctor.

Indications

irritable bowel syndrome

stomach ache

To reduce intestinal torque,

For an overactive bladder,

Diarrhea (cobwebs),

motion sickness

Vomiting, dysmenorrhea,

Morning sickness.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity

Obstructive diseases of the gastrointestinal tract,

Severe ulcerative colitis

Esophagitis

Glaucoma, myasthenia gravis-Glaucoma, myasthenia gravis

This medicine should not be given to an infant who is less than six months old, a person with the above diseases.

Side effects-Side effects

business

drowsiness,

lightheadedness, lightheadedness,

Weakness

Dry mouth, noseya,

Blurredvision

Dry ice-Dry ice

dry mouth,

constipation

Abdominal bloating-

Loss of Appetite

Nursing Responsibility-

Administering drugs by checking the five R’s (5R) while administering the drug to the patient. There to check right patient, right drug, right route, right dose, right time.

The nurse should take the history of allergy of the patient and not give the medicine if he has a previous history.

The nurse should obtain information about the patient’s other medical conditions to determine if the medication is contraindicated for the patient.

Inform the patient beforehand about the side effects of the medicine.

If a patient develops a serious problem after taking the drug, treat it immediately.

In case of any dangerous effect on the patient, inform the doctor.

Due to dicyclomine, the side effect is increased drowsiness and drowsiness, so the patient should avoid driving and working with machinery and other work.

Do not give this medicine to a breastfeeding mother as this medicine passes into the breast milk and may cause unwanted effects on the infant.
So don’t give.

Do not give this medicine to children younger than six months as it may cause more dangerous side effects.

Be careful not to overdose.

The nurse should note that
When not to give dicyclomine with antacids because antacids reduce the absorption of dicyclomine tablets.

If prescribed by doctor with anta acid, take dicyclomine before food and take anta acid after food.

omeprazole

Group Proton pump inhibitors

Brand name (brand name) Prilosec, Losec, Omesac.

Dosage

Packet – 2.5mg-10mg,
Suspension-2mg/ml,
Tablet/Capsule-10 mg,20mg,40mg,
Oral disintegrating tablet-20 mg.

20-40 mg once in daily (OD)
It is taken before meals.

Route of Administration

Orly (take before meals).

Mechanism Of Action

Omeprazole inhibits the activities of the proton pump in the lining of the stomach. This proton pump is responsible for the production of stomach acid. Blockage of this proton pump reduces the production of acid in the stomach. Due to this, the level of acidity also decreases. decreases and symptoms are relieved.

Indication

Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD),
peptic ulcer,
Zollinger Elision Syndrome,
erosive esophagitis,
NSAID induced ulcers,
H.pylori infection,
Reflux esophagitis,
Prophylaxis for ulcers.

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity,
Severe liver diseases,
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding,
Gastric Malignancy.

Side effects

one head,
abdominal pain,
diarrhea,
vomiting,
flatulence,
disneys,
acid regurgitation,
constipation,
races,
Cough,
Upper respiratory infection.

Nursing Responsibility

Patient Assessment
Assess the patient’s medical history, including allergies, current medications, and any preexisting conditions that may affect the safety or effectiveness of omeprazole.

Education:
Complete patient education about medicine
Provide, including its, dosage, side effects and any special instructions for administration (eg, take before meals).

Monitoring:
Therapeutic efficacy and any side effects, especially gastrointestinal symptoms, such as
Continuously monitor for abdominal pain, nausea or diarrhoea.

Life Style Changes:
Advise the patient about changes in lifestyle that can enhance the effectiveness of the medication, such as changes in diet, weight management, and avoiding smoking and alcohol.

Follow up
Advising the patient to take regular follow up to assess the effectiveness of the medication and to assess whether there is any adverse effect of the medication.

Documentation
Complete documentation of the medication provided to the patient including proper documentation of time, date, route, dose etc.

Domperidone

Group (group) Dopamine antagonist / antiemetic

Brand name (brand name) Molitium

Dosage

10-20 mg orally 3-4 times a day (before meals).

Route

Orly (before meals).

Mechanism of Action

Domperidom works as a dopamine antagonist. That is, the brain and the gastrointestinal tract work to block the dopamine receptors present in the intestinal tract.
Due to the blocking of these dopamine receptors, domperidone increases the movement and contraction of the stomach and intestines. And helps to enhance the movement in the stomach.

Due to this process, the activity of the stomach and intestines is accelerated, which relieves symptoms like nausea, vomiting, bloating, and discomfort.

In addition,
By blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, domperidone also inhibits the signals that trigger symptoms such as nosia and vomiting, thereby reducing nosia and vomiting.

Overall Domperidone’s mechanism of action is to increase the size of the gastro-intestinal tract and relieve symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, bloating and discomfort.

Indication

Nozia,
vomiting,
abdominal bloating,
Abdominal discomfort,
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

Contraindications

hypersensitivity,
allergic reaction,
Gastro Intestinal Intestinal Bleeding,
Severe liver diseases,
If there is a history of cardiac arrhythmias,
Being in prolactino.

Side effects

Abdominal cramps,
diarrhea,
constipation,
dry mouth,
one head,
fatigue,
Changes in the rate of interest,
Having an allergic reaction like,
races,
etching,
Swelling in the face, lips, and tongue,
Breathing difficulties.

Nursing Responsibility

Patient Assessment:
Assessing the patient’s medical history including allergies, current medications and assessing the safety and efficacy of domperidone.

Education
Provide complete education to the patient and their caregiver about the medication, including its purpose, dosage, side effects, and advice on administration (eg, take before meals).

Monitoring:
To assess for adverse reactions and any therapeutic efficacy, mainly stomach cramps, diarrhea, or gastro-intestinal related symptoms such as constipation.

Electrolyte Level:
Monitor electrolytes including electrolyte levels, especially potassium levels.

Management of symptoms
Assessing whether the patient has other side effects of the medication or not. And managing those symptoms.

Patient support
Provide emotional support and reassurance to the patient.

Follow up
Advise the patient to take regular follow up.

Documentation
Properly document the medication provided to the patient

Levocetirizine

group

Second generation antihistamines

Route
Oral

Dosage

Adult and child > 6 years : 5mg/daily

Mode of action

As an H1 receptor antagonist, with some mast cell stabilizing activity, it has no effect on the CNS.

indication

Seasonal allergic rhinitis, rhinitis due to other causes, chronic idiopathic urticaria,
To relieve allergic symptoms like fever, itching, hives.

contraindications

Hypersensitivity,
Severe renal impairment, alcohol use, hemodialysis.

side effects

head one,
dry mouth,
Phatik,
rhinitis,
pharyngitis,
abdominal pain,
migraine,
Asthenia.

nursing responsibility

Taking a complete medical history of the patient, allergies and current medications.

Educating patients about medicine.

Monitoring of side effects in patients.

Administer drug according to proper dosage.

Advise patient on follow up.

Also to document.

🏹 Ascorbic acid tablet (vitamin c) –

Group –
Vitamin supplements.

DOSAGE
500 mg

Route
Oral (by mouth), I.M

Use

Vitamin C is an antioxidant medication.

It is available as a chewable tablet.

It is used in cases where vitamin C is low.

Vitamin C maintains and keeps the body’s cells, immune system, bones and blood vessels etc. healthy.

It is used to prevent scurvy.

In addition, vitamin C is used for iron absorption and collagen production.

And vitamin C is also used in gingivitis and collagen disorders.

Apart from this, vitamin C is used for tissue repair and wound healing.

Helps in bone and teeth development in baby.
To whom can it be given? Indications

Vitamin C deficiency,

scurvy

Healing (healing) occurs slowly in the wound and bone.

Urine acidification.

Apart from this, it is also effective as an antioxidant and antiviral.

It is also useful for deficiency of vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin A.

common cold

Oral bacterial infection

Iron deficiency, folate deficiency.

Vitamin C is used in diseases like etc Contraindication Hypersensitivity,
Blood disorders like,
thalassemia,
sickle cell disease
Hemochromatosis means high iron levels.

Side effects-

Diarrhea, nausea
heart buns
crystal, flushing,
one head
Gas, Mouth Shore etc.

Nursing Responsibility

Check nurse doctor’s order.

Apart from this, before giving medicine to the patient, check the 5Rs which include Right Patient, Right Time, Right Root, Right Drug, Right Dose etc.

Informing the patient about the side effects of the medicine while administering the medicine.

Also ask the patient to report any additional signs and symptoms immediately after taking the medicine.
And notifying the doctor.

In addition, the nurse should inform the patient about the beneficial effects of vitamin C such that it is very useful for wound healing.
Giving all that information.

Inform the doctor immediately if any allergic reaction is observed in the patient.

Administering medicine to patient on time and also maintaining proper dosage.

Calcium gluconate tablet –

Group

Calcium salt, cardio protective agent

Route – Route

Oral, IV (Intra-Venous)

Dose

Adult:- 500 mg/day

MOA (Mode of Action)

Calcium gluconate increases blood calcium levels or combines with excess potassium and magnesium and results in elevated calcium levels.

Uses

Calcium gluconate is used to manage hypo calcium i.e. low calcium levels, cardiotoxicity CT due to cardiocrest, hyperkalemia or hypermagnesium etc.

It is used in pregnancy and breast feeding.

Mgso4 (Magnesium Sulphate) is also used as an antidote,

It is used when toxicity of Mgso4 occurs.

Indications -Indican

hypocalcemia,
cardiac rest
Hyper magnesium
hyperkalemia,
Toxicity of magnesium sulfate, breast feeding, pregnancy.

Contraindications – Contraindicated

hypercalcium

Hypersensitivity

Saccharoidosis

When there is a lump in any organ or tissue,

ventricular fibrillation

Hypokalemia, renal calculi,

A cancer patient with bone metastasis.

Side effect

CNS (Central Nervous System)- CNS (Central Nervous System) :-

tingling sensation
Sensation as if someone oppresses, (Syncope.-Syncop.)

CV (Cardio Vascular) –

bradycardia,
cardiac arrest
Arrhythmia.-Arrhythmia.

GI (Gastro Intestinal) – GI (Gastro Intestinal) :-

Constipation, irritation,
Nausea, Vomiting, Thirst Abdominal pain, Palpitations.

GU (Genitourinary)- –

poly urea
Renal calculi.-Renal calculi.

Metabolic :-
Hyper calcium-Hyper calcium.

the skin

Skin rash, local reaction,
itching,
Swelling in the face, lips, tongue and throat.

Nursing responsibility –

Extra caution should be exercised when administering any calcium containing medicine to digitalized patients and patients with synchrony doses, renal and cardiac disease.

Check calcium levels frequently to maintain a normal calcium level of 9-10.5 mg/dl.

The nurse should keep in mind the signs and symptoms of more dangerous hypercalcemia in the patient and inform the patient about these signs and symptoms so that no more dangerous conditions arise and if they do, they can be treated.

Symptoms of hypercalcemia such as confusion, coma,
Stupor means stupidity etc.

Do not confuse calcium with calcitriol, calcium gluconate with calcium glubionate, calcium chloride with calcium gluconate.

Advise patient to take oral calcium within one to two hours after meal if GI (Gastrointerstinal) system is upset.

Also advise the patient to take calcium medicine orally with a full glass of water.

Ask the patient to report immediately if they experience nosia, vomiting, abdominal pain, polyuria, thirst, anorexia (loss of appetite), constipation, etc.

Advise the patient that before taking calcium his meal should not contain whole grains and pulses and dry products as they affect the absorption of calcium.

🏹 Iron & Folic acid tablet –

Group

As a supplementary nutrient.

Dose – dose

Route – Route

Can be given orally.

MOA :- Mode of action MOA :- Mode of action

Increases the production of RBC (Red Blood Cell) and HB i.e. Hemoglobin in the body.

Uses

This tablet is used to prevent or treat low iron levels in the blood.

Treats HB and RBC cell defects and anemia.

Folic acid is essential for the formation of RBC (red blood cells).

Indications- Indican

iron deficiency
Folic acid deficiency, anemia,
As a prophylactic during pregnancy. As a prophylactic during pregnancy.

Contraindication –

Iron overload diseases,
liver problem
Ulcers in the stomach and intestines. – Ulcers in the stomach and intestines.

Side effects –

Diarrhea (cobwebs),- Diarrhea (thick),

Constipation

Stomach cramps

upset stomach,

Black stool / dark stool

black teeth

Gingivitis. – Gingivitis.

Nursing Responsibility-

Before giving this medicine to the patient, the nurse went to check the five R’s which are Right Patient, Right Time and Right Drug, Right Route, Right Dose etc.

The nurse should check or take a history of any patient for hypersensitivity to this tablet.

Patients should do blood test regularly as per doctor’s instructions so that HB and RBC (Red Blood Cell) count can be checked and treatment can be given to the patient accordingly.

Check whether the patient is constipated or not.

A nurse should not give more than 1mg (milligrams) of folic acid because too much folic acid can cause seizures, which is a side effect of too much folic acid.

In addition, the nurse advises the patient to take an iron tablet before a meal, which increases iron absorption, which is more effective.

Keep checking the patient’s bowel movement so that constipation problem can be detected early.

Do not give folic acid if the patient has pernicious anemia because pernicious anemia is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency.

Also taking iron tablets with citrus fruits or vitamin C increases its absorption.

And iron tablets should not be taken with coffee, tea and dairy products and eggs etc. This nurse advises the patient.

In addition, if any other side effect is observed in the patient, the doctor should be informed immediately.

To check the HB count by reporting the blood to the patient at appropriate intervals and give the dose of this tablet to the patient based on that.

And to ensure that the patient takes the medicine at the right time or not.

IBUPROFEN

Group

Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug (NSAID – Non steroidal anti inflammatory drug)

Propionic acid derivatives

Dosage – dose
Adult – 400mg 3 times a day (maximum 2.4 g daily).
Children – Mild analgesic or antipyretic : 10-15mg/kg/dose every 4-6 hours.

Mode of action
It inhibits the biosynthesis and release of prostaglandins. This drug inhibits the cyclo-oxygenase enzyme and thus the synthesis of prostaglandins. This compound does not inhibit the formation of leukotrienes that play a role in inflammation.

Indication

Rheumatoid arthritis

Osteoarthrosis

Seronegative arthropathy

Cervical spondylosis

Dental and traumatic inflammation

Primary dysmenorrhea

Contraindication

Active peptic ulcer

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Hypersensitivity

during pregnancy

Side effect

Nozia

Vomiting

Epigastric discomfort

Disneyness

headache

Skin race

Thrombocytopenia

Nursing responsibility

Assessment
Checking patient’s vital signs (temperature, pulse, respiration and blood pressure), heart rate and health status before and after administering drugs.
Patient education
Giving complete information to the patient about the purpose, side effect, dosage of the medication.
monitoring
Keep checking vitals and observe for side effects
Patient history
Taking complete history of the patient about medical history, allergies, liver problems etc. It affects the effect of the drug.
5R – Right Patient, Right Route, Right Dose, Right Time, Right Drug while giving drug to the patient.
Lifestyle counselling
Advise the patient about lifestyle modifications such as exercise. Explain the factors that increase the effect of medicine.
Recording and reporting
Documentation after administration of the drug is very important, besides informing the health care team if there are any side effects or changes.