Counseling
a) Definition, purpose, principles, scope and
types
b) Counseling process: steps and techniques
c) Qualities of a good counselor
d) Difference between health education and
counseling
e) Role of nurse in counseling
UNIT:-(IIl)
💙 Introduction:
Counseling is a two-way interaction between a patient and a provider.
It is an interpersonal, dynamic communication process that involves a kind of contractual agreement between the patient and the counselor who are trained to an acceptable standard and who are bound by a code of ethics and practice.
It requires empathy, realism, and the absence of any moral or personal judgment.
💙 Definition of counseling:
“Counseling is a helpful relationship involving a person seeking help, a person capable or trained to help, and a person willing to help in a setting that allows for the giving and receiving of help.” (Cormier & Hackey, 1987″
💙 To discuss purpose of counseling:
The objectives of counseling are broad.
They depend on the situation and the environment and training.
The basic objectives of counseling include the following:
To help students gain an understanding of the origins and development of emotional difficulties, which increases the ability to take rational control over emotions and actions.
To change disordered behavior.
To help students move towards fulfilling their potential, or achieving integration of contradictory elements within themselves.
To provide students with skills, awareness, and knowledge that will enable them to cope with social inadequacies.
To achieve positive mental health.
To solve their problems.
To improve personal effectiveness.
To maximize individual freedom to choose and act within the conditions imposed by the environment.
💙 Scope of counseling:
The The aim is to help students formulate their own plans if they pursue academic and non-academic pursuits and arrive at appropriate decisions to implement the plans and find solutions to their problems.
The aim of counselling is to help the individual understand his/her capabilities. And to contribute best to the development of social service in the right responsibilities of every individual, more so an educated person who has benefited from education from the money of the society.
Counselling should help the individual to solve his/her own problems and make the right choices and arrangements.
Counselling should aim to provide assistance to teachers in their efforts to understand students.
The aim of counselling services is to develop in students qualities such as perseverance, dedication, honesty, sincerity, respect for the opinions of others, a positive outlook, a disposition that is necessary for them to make significant contributions.
Counselling focuses on the needs and aspirations of the students.
Individual counselling
Marital and marriage Pre-Counseling.
Family Counseling.
💙 To explain principles of counseling:
1.Establish and maintain rapport with the client:
Establishing and maintaining rapport with the client is important for the encounter and achieving positive outcomes.
This can begin by creating a welcoming environment and should continue throughout each phase of the client encounter, including follow-up.
2.Assess the clients needs and personalize discussions accordingly:
Each visit should be tailored to the client’s individual circumstances and needs.
Standardized questions and assessment tools can help providers determine which services are most appropriate for a given visit.
3.Work with the client interactively to establish a plan:
To establish a plan, including a plan for follow-up It is important to work interactively with the client.
Establishing a plan should include setting goals, discussing potential difficulties in achieving goals, and developing action plans to deal with potential difficulties.
4.provide information that can be understood and retained by the client:
Clients need clinically accurate, balanced, and conclusive information to make informed decisions and follow through on developed plans.
5.confirm client understanding:
It is important to ensure that clients have processed the information provided and discussed.
One technique for confirming understanding is to have the client restate the most important messages in his or her own words.
6.Counseling is unique to an individual.
7.Counseling is concerned with the ‘Total individual”.
8.It is goal oriented & goal directed.
9.It is a professional activity.
💙 To describe types of counseling:
There are 3 main types of Counseling
Directive Counseling,
Non-directive counselling,
Eclectic Counseling.
Directive Counseling,
Non-directive Counseling,
Eclectic Counseling.
This type of counseling is directive in nature.
The counselor plays an important role in it.
He/she is the authority who gives the decision on any problem.
In this type of counseling, the student does not have any significant role but the counselor has the problem as his main focus. The student has to cooperate with his counselor.
Since it is an authoritative type of counseling, the students do little communication and the counselor does most of the talking.
We cannot see a democratic environment in it.
In this type of counseling, the student works with a counselor who is not under him.
It is democratic in behavior where the counseling provides a more complete and accurate understanding of the problem
In this type of counseling, the counselor offers several alternative solutions to the problem from which the student can choose the most appropriate option.
The teacher should use this type of counseling according to the needs and nature of the students as well as the problems.
💙 Other types are :
Personal/social counseling:
Personal counseling deals with emotional distress and behavioral difficulties that arise as individuals struggle to cope with developmental stages and tasks.
Educational counseling-
Educational counseling is the process of providing services to students who need assistance in making decisions about important aspects of their education, such as choosing courses and studies, making decisions about interests and abilities, and making decisions about college and high school choices.
Vocational counseling-
Vocational counseling is defined as personal contact with counseled individuals to facilitate career development.
To discuss steps of counseling:
Establish a safe, trusting relationship.
Clarify: Help the individual put their concerns into words.
Active listening: Find out the client’s agenda.
a) Phrase, summarize, reflect, interpret.
b) Focus on feelings, not events.
Transform the problem statement into a goal statement.
Explore possible approaches to the goal.
Help the individual choose a path toward the goal.
Make a commitment to carry out the plan (or take the next step).
Summarize, clarify, and verify what has happened.
Get feedback and confirmation.
💙 To explain techniques of counseling:
These techniques help to ensure good communication with youth during the counseling session
Make a positive and friendly first impression.
Establish rapport, show empathy, and reassure the young client during the first session.
Remove barriers to good communication (e.g., negative attitudes, poor listening, not allowing youth to express fears or ask questions, being judgmental and impatient, etc.)
Use “active listening” with young clients; that is, acknowledging, confirming, and asking for clarification from the speaker.
Provide information in a simple manner and use visual aids as much as possible.
Ask appropriate and effective questions and use open-ended questions.
Allow youth to ask questions and seek clarification.
Identify and capitalize on teachable moments.
💙 To discuss qualities of a good counselor:
Encouraging helps clients learn to believe in their potential for growth and development.
Artistic:
Means being creative and flexible and adjusting counseling techniques to the client’s other needs.
Emotionally stable:
An emotionally unstable counselor will likely do more harm than good to the client.
Empathetic and caring:
Effective counselors care about people and have a desire to help those in need.
Self-aware:
Helps counselors monitor their needs so that they can meet those needs in a way that does not interfere with the counseling process.
Self-acceptance:
Counselors are comfortable with themselves.
Positive self-esteem:
Can help counselors cope with their personal and professional lives and maintain emotional stability central to their job.
Self-realization:
The process of actualizing one’s potential.
Self-disclosure:
Effective counselors are constructively open with their thoughts and feelings.
Counselors are revealing an authentic picture of themselves, with the courage to communicate their weaknesses as well as their strengths.
Patient:
Counselors should be patient and recognize the goal of achieving an overall positive therapeutic movement.
Non-judgmental:
Counselors should be careful not to impose their values or beliefs on clients,
even though they may sometimes want to open clients to new ideas.
Tolerance for ambiguity:
Although the science of counseling can contribute to an objective understanding of the counseling process, counselors must be able to tolerate some ambiguity.
💙 to differentiate between counseling and health education:
Counseling is more of an internal analysis, while health education is more external.
Counseling is in-depth, narrowing down the problem until the client understands his or her own problem, but health education is broad and comprehensive.
Counseling is mostly on personal and social issues, while health education is usually related to education and career.
The focus of counseling is not on the solution but on understanding the problem as it allows the counselor to bring about an emotional change or a change in feeling. But the focus in health education is on finding a solution, which can bring about a change in the attitude of the client.
Both counseling and health education can help individuals. However, the contribution of both the counselor and the client is important for the success of the process. Most problems can be solved with the right amount of dedication, reflection and understanding.
Health education is for everyone, everyone needs it while counseling is for people who have problems and need help.
Health education is a public matter; it can be done in an open field, in an assembly hall while counseling is private and confidential.
💙 To discuss role of nurse in counseling:
A nurse helps clients identify and deal with stressful psychological or social problems; The nurse is there to improve interpersonal relationships and promote personal growth.
Provides emotional, intellectual, and psychological support.
Focuses on helping the client develop new attitudes, feelings, and behaviors rather than promoting intellectual growth.
Encourages the client to see alternative behaviors that identify choices and develop a sense of control.