| 🔍 Type | 🧫 Primary Cause | 📉 pH | 🔁 Primary Change | 🔄 Compensation | ⚠️ Common Causes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Acidosis | ↓ HCO₃⁻ | ↓ < 7.35 | ↓ HCO₃⁻ | ↓ CO₂ (via hyperventilation) | DKA, renal failure, diarrhea, lactic acidosis |
| Metabolic Alkalosis | ↑ HCO₃⁻ | ↑ > 7.45 | ↑ HCO₃⁻ | ↑ CO₂ (via hypoventilation) | Vomiting, diuretics, antacid overuse |
| Respiratory Acidosis | ↑ CO₂ | ↓ < 7.35 | ↑ CO₂ | ↑ HCO₃⁻ (renal compensation) | COPD, hypoventilation, airway obstruction |
| Respiratory Alkalosis | ↓ CO₂ | ↑ > 7.45 | ↓ CO₂ | ↓ HCO₃⁻ (renal compensation) | Hyperventilation, anxiety, fever, high altitude |